{"id":5428,"date":"2016-02-21T18:49:59","date_gmt":"2016-02-21T18:49:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/?p=5428"},"modified":"2017-01-24T19:36:02","modified_gmt":"2017-01-24T19:36:02","slug":"tous-collabos-collaborators","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2016\/02\/21\/tous-collabos-collaborators\/","title":{"rendered":"Tous Collabos <br><i>Collaborators<\/i>"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"2363\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2013\/07\/30\/entre-les-mondes-between-worlds\/v314-shaman\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/v314-shaman.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1379,1506\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Bruno shaman\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/v314-shaman-274x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/v314-shaman-937x1024.jpg\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-2363\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/v314-shaman-274x300.jpg\" alt=\"Bruno shaman\" width=\"274\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/v314-shaman-274x300.jpg 274w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/v314-shaman-937x1024.jpg 937w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/v314-shaman.jpg 1379w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 274px) 100vw, 274px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><em>William: &#8220;I&#8217;m sure we can all pull together, sir.&#8221;<\/em><br \/>\n<em>Vetinari: &#8220;Oh, I do hope not. Pulling together is the aim of despotism and tyranny. Free men pull in all kinds of directions.\u201d <\/em><br \/>\n<em>\u2015 Terry Pratchett, The Truth<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Coop\u00e9rer ou collaborer<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Les jeux de soci\u00e9t\u00e9 les plus r\u00e9pandus sont des jeux de comp\u00e9tition. Cette comp\u00e9tition peut \u00eatre brutale, sous la forme d\u2019un affrontement direct entre les joueurs, o\u00f9 chaque territoire, chaque somme d\u2019argent, chaque carte gagn\u00e9e par un joueur est prise \u00e0 un autre. Elle peut \u00eatre plus douce, et prendre la forme d\u2019une course pour arriver le premier au but ou d&#8217;une rivalit\u00e9 pour b\u00e2tir la plus belle cit\u00e9. Le plus souvent, quelque part entre ces deux extr\u00eames, c&#8217;est une concurrence qui n\u2019ignore pas les adversaires mais ne prend pas pour autant la forme d\u2019une guerre ouverte. Et puis il y a les jeux dont la comp\u00e9tition est absente, du moins celle entre les joueurs, les jeux de coop\u00e9ration, dans lesquels les joueurs contribuent ensemble \u00e0 un objectif commun. C\u2019est de ces jeux de coop\u00e9ration, ou jeux coop\u00e9ratifs, dont je voudrais parler aujourd\u2019hui, en reprenant en partie des id\u00e9es que j&#8217;ai d\u00e9j\u00e0 exprim\u00e9es dans d&#8217;autres posts.<\/p>\n<p>Les mots sont importants, et je voudrais commencer par expliquer pourquoi je pr\u00e9f\u00e8re parler de jeux de coop\u00e9ration et non de jeux de collaboration, expression que l&#8217;on rencontre aussi. Parler de collaboration, c\u2019est en effet assimiler le jeu au travail, et donc supposer qu\u2019il a ou devrait avoir une fonction productive ou formatrice, id\u00e9e dont, en tant qu&#8217;auteur de jeu, je me m\u00e9fie au plus haut point. Si l\u2019on joue pour le simple plaisir, on coop\u00e8re, on ne collabore pas.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Un peu d\u2019histoire<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Le jeu coop\u00e9ratif le plus populaire et le plus vendu est sans doute encore le Verger, publi\u00e9 par Haba au d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es quatre-vingt. Avec sa grosse boire jaune, ses jolis paniers, ses fruits en bois et son m\u00e9chant corbeau, le Verger est annonc\u00e9 \u00e0 partir de trois ans, et perd tout int\u00e9r\u00eat vers cinq ou six. Je connais mal l\u2019univers des jeux pour enfants, mais j\u2019imagine que ce ne fut pas le premier de sa cat\u00e9gorie. Il y a aujourd\u2019hui des dizaines d\u2019autres jeux coop\u00e9ratifs destin\u00e9s aux enfants, jeunes ou moins jeunes, chez Haba, Djeco et les autres. Aux \u00c9tats-Unis, un \u00e9diteur comme Family Pastimes s&#8217;en est fait une sp\u00e9cialit\u00e9.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"2269\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2013\/06\/03\/jeux-de-cooperation-et-de-competition-un-paradoxe-politique-cooperative-and-competitive-games-a-political-paradox\/attachment\/0005149\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/0005149.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"440,395\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Verger\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/0005149-300x269.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/0005149.jpg\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-2269\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/0005149-300x269.jpg\" alt=\"Verger\" width=\"250\" height=\"224\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/0005149-300x269.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/0005149-334x300.jpg 334w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/0005149.jpg 440w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"2265\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2013\/06\/03\/jeux-de-cooperation-et-de-competition-un-paradoxe-politique-cooperative-and-competitive-games-a-political-paradox\/orchard\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/orchard.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"588,422\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Verger\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/orchard-300x215.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/orchard.jpg\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-2265\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/orchard-300x215.jpg\" alt=\"Verger\" width=\"300\" height=\"215\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/orchard-300x215.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/orchard-418x300.jpg 418w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/orchard.jpg 588w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><em><span style=\"color: #808080;\"><br \/>\nDes jeux gentils pour les gentilles t\u00eates blondes<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p>Les jeux de r\u00f4les sur table, dans lesquels les joueurs constituent une \u00e9quipe solidaire et le ma\u00eetre de jeu est un animateur et non un adversaire, \u00e9taient d\u00e9j\u00e0 un peu des jeux coop\u00e9ratifs. Cela montre d\u2019ailleurs que solidarit\u00e9 et coop\u00e9ration ne sont pas incompatibles avec des th\u00e8mes parfois violents, nous y reviendrons.<br \/>\nSi l\u2019on se limite aux jeux de soci\u00e9t\u00e9 plus classiques, dans une boite, avec des cartes et des pions, le premier jeu coop\u00e9ratif moderne \u00e0 avoir rencontr\u00e9 un certain succ\u00e8s est le Seigneur des Anneaux, de Reiner Knizia, paru en 2000. Si ce fut un hit en son temps, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 un peu oubli\u00e9 depuis, sans doute parce qu\u2019il \u00e9tait le premier d\u2019un genre qui s\u2019est beaucoup d\u00e9velopp\u00e9, et qu\u2019il appara\u00eet aujourd\u2019hui, m\u00eame avec ses multiples extensions, un peu rustique. On remarquera que Reiner Knizia, sans doute l\u2019auteur de jeux \u00ab\u00a0\u00e0 l\u2019allemande\u00a0\u00bb le plus prolifique des ann\u00e9es quatre-vingt-dix et deux-mille, n\u2019\u00e9tait en rien hostile aux jeux de comp\u00e9tition, dont il a publi\u00e9 plusieurs centaines.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"2266\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2013\/06\/03\/jeux-de-cooperation-et-de-competition-un-paradoxe-politique-cooperative-and-competitive-games-a-political-paradox\/lordoftheringsfront\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/lord+of+the+rings+front.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"600,600\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Lord of the Rings\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/lord+of+the+rings+front-300x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/lord+of+the+rings+front.jpg\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-2266\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/lord+of+the+rings+front-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"Lord of the Rings\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/lord+of+the+rings+front-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/lord+of+the+rings+front-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/lord+of+the+rings+front.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><br \/>\n<em><span style=\"color: #808080;\">L\u00e0 o\u00f9 tout a commenc\u00e9<br \/>\n<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p>Bien d\u2019autres jeux coop\u00e9ratifs ont suivi, les premiers tr\u00e8s inspir\u00e9s du Seigneur des Anneaux. Matt Leacock, concepteur de L\u2019\u00cele Interdite, Le Desert Interdit, Thunderbirds et, surtout, le populaire Pandemic s\u2019en est fait une sp\u00e9cialit\u00e9, mais il est seul dans ce cas.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5429\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2016\/02\/21\/tous-collabos-collaborators\/pandemic\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Pandemic.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"288,389\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Pandemic\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Pandemic-222x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Pandemic.jpg\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5429\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Pandemic-222x300.jpg\" alt=\"Pandemic\" width=\"222\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Pandemic-222x300.jpg 222w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Pandemic.jpg 288w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 222px) 100vw, 222px\" \/>\u00a0 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5431\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2016\/02\/21\/tous-collabos-collaborators\/thunderbirds\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Thunderbirds.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Thunderbirds\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Thunderbirds-300x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Thunderbirds.jpg\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5431\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Thunderbirds-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"Thunderbirds\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Thunderbirds-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Thunderbirds-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Thunderbirds.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em><span style=\"color: #808080;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5430\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2016\/02\/21\/tous-collabos-collaborators\/forbidden-island\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Forbidden-island.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"364,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Forbidden island\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Forbidden-island-218x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Forbidden-island.jpg\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-5430\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Forbidden-island-218x300.jpg\" alt=\"Forbidden island\" width=\"218\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Forbidden-island-218x300.jpg 218w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Forbidden-island.jpg 364w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 218px) 100vw, 218px\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5451\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2016\/02\/21\/tous-collabos-collaborators\/forbidden-desert\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Forbidden-Desert.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Forbidden Desert\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Forbidden-Desert-300x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Forbidden-Desert.jpg\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-5451\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Forbidden-Desert-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"Forbidden Desert\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Forbidden-Desert-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Forbidden-Desert-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Forbidden-Desert.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><br \/>\nQuelques jeux de Matt Leacock<br \/>\n<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p>Les auteurs un peu connus ont aujourd\u2019hui le plus souvent un ou deux jeux de coop\u00e9ration \u00e0 leur actif, comme un genre mineur, un peu difficile, auquel il faut bien s\u2019essayer un jour. Aucun auteur que je connaisse n\u2019a renonc\u00e9 aux bons vieux jeux d\u2019affrontement, de course ou d\u2019embrouilles. En ce qui me concerne, la principale raison pour laquelle je n&#8217;ai pas poursuivi dans cette voie apr\u00e8s l&#8217;exp\u00e9rience de Red November en 2008 est que je m&#8217;int\u00e9resse de plus en plus aux jeux de bluff, et qu&#8217;il est bien difficile d&#8217;introduire du bluff dans un jeu purement coop\u00e9ratif. \u00c7a marche mieux avec mon autre centre d&#8217;int\u00e9r\u00eat, la prise de risque.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"360\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2012\/05\/01\/novembre-rouge-red-november\/red_nov_front\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/Red_Nov_Front.png\" data-orig-size=\"500,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Red November Cover\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/Red_Nov_Front-300x300.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/Red_Nov_Front.png\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-360\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/Red_Nov_Front-300x300.png\" alt=\"Red November Cover\" width=\"280\" height=\"280\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/Red_Nov_Front-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/Red_Nov_Front-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/Red_Nov_Front.png 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 280px) 100vw, 280px\" \/><br \/>\n<em><span style=\"color: #808080;\">Moi aussi<br \/>\n<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p>Lors de la sortie du Seigneur des Anneaux, je m\u2019\u00e9tais demand\u00e9 si une nouvelle famille de jeux pour adultes, un nouveau genre \u00e9tait en train d&#8217;appara\u00eetre. La r\u00e9ponse est clairement oui, mais il a fallu plus de temps que je n\u2019imaginais pour qu\u2019elle s\u2019impose r\u00e9ellement. Ces deux ou trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec Hanabi, Pandemic puis Pandemic Legacy (auquel je n\u2019ai pas encore jou\u00e9), Mysterium, Zombicide ou\u00a0 les Poilus, les jeux de soci\u00e9t\u00e9 coop\u00e9ratifs se sont m\u00eame install\u00e9s en t\u00eate des ventes. Je m&#8217;en r\u00e9jouis et suis d&#8217;ailleurs un grand fan de Mysterium, que je pr\u00e9f\u00e9rais pourtant dans la version \u00ab\u00a0purement coop\u00e9rative\u00a0\u00bb des r\u00e8gles originales que dans celle vaguement comp\u00e9titive de l\u2019\u00e9dition occidentale.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5432\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2016\/02\/21\/tous-collabos-collaborators\/pic1825337_md\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/pic1825337_md.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"391,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Hanabi\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/pic1825337_md-235x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/pic1825337_md.jpg\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5432\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/pic1825337_md-235x300.jpg\" alt=\"Hanabi\" width=\"233\" height=\"294\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5440\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2016\/02\/21\/tous-collabos-collaborators\/mysterium-3\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Mysterium.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Mysterium\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Mysterium-300x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Mysterium.jpg\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5440\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Mysterium-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"Mysterium\" width=\"298\" height=\"298\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Mysterium-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Mysterium-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Mysterium.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 298px) 100vw, 298px\" \/><br \/>\n<em><span style=\"color: #808080;\">Prim\u00e9s et en t\u00eate des ventes.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Politiquement correct<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Le jeu de coop\u00e9ration est aussi la derni\u00e8re lubie politiquement correcte des bobos intellos \u00e9colos de l\u2019est parisien et d\u2019ailleurs, et cela m&#8217;\u00e9nerve. Cela m\u2019\u00e9nerve d&#8217;autant plus que c\u2019est un milieu qui m\u2019est assez sympathique, ne serait-ce que parce que j\u2019y appartiens plus ou moins. J&#8217;habite d&#8217;ailleurs \u00e0 Belleville.<\/p>\n<p>Il y a d\u2019abord des motifs politiques sur lesquels je voudrais m&#8217;attarder car ils me semblent d\u00e9couler assez largement d&#8217;une erreur d&#8217;analyse \u00e9conomique, et au del\u00e0 d\u2019une incompr\u00e9hension de ce qu\u2019est un jeu. L&#8217;id\u00e9e, en gros, serait que le vilain capitalisme mondial est le monde de la comp\u00e9tition sauvage, repr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par les jeux de comp\u00e9tition traditionnels, auquel nous devrions opposer le monde de la solidarit\u00e9 positive pour b\u00e2tir un avenir meilleur et un d\u00e9veloppement durable, illustr\u00e9 par les jeux coop\u00e9ratifs.<br \/>\nL\u2019analyse du capitalisme contemporain comme un univers de pure comp\u00e9tition \u00e0 tous les niveaux est largement, et parfois d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment, trompeuse. Certes, le capitalisme met les entreprises (et les travailleurs) en concurrence. Mais le capitalisme moderne n&#8217;est pas seulement l&#8217;univers de la concurrence, c&#8217;est au moins autant celui de la connivence &#8211; des arrangements, de la combinazione diraient nos amis italiens, pas toujours non-violents. D\u2019ailleurs, les grandes entreprises qui emploient le jeu lors de leurs formations internes utilisent essentiellement les jeux coop\u00e9ratifs, pour encourager le &#8220;travail d&#8217;\u00e9quipe&#8221; tr\u00e8s productif, les &#8220;synergies&#8221;, voire des foutaises comme la \u00ab\u00a0culture d\u2019entreprise\u00a0\u00bb, et je ne pense pas qu\u2019elles nourriraient si volontiers un serpent en leur sein.<\/p>\n<p>Par ailleurs, si je suis bien d&#8217;accord pour dire que l&#8217;on ne b\u00e2tira sans doute pas un monde meilleur \u00e0 coups de fusils d&#8217;assaut et d&#8217;\u00e9p\u00e9es \u00e0 deux mains, cela ne signifie pas que nous vivions d&#8217;ores et d\u00e9j\u00e0 chez les bisounours. Pour changer le monde, et le rendre plus gentil, il faut parfois se r\u00e9volter, se battre, argumenter, convaincre, ruser, voire tricher. Faire du jeu de comp\u00e9tition la m\u00e9taphore de la guerre et de la concurrence sauvage, et du jeu de coop\u00e9ration celle de la paix dans le monde et du d\u00e9veloppement durable, est donc une sympathique mais monumentale erreur d&#8217;analyse.<\/p>\n<p>Certes, me r\u00e9pondront les gentils id\u00e9alistes, mais \u00e0 d\u00e9faut d\u2019une pertinence politique, les jeux de coop\u00e9ration ont au moins une sup\u00e9riorit\u00e9 morale. Lorsque tout le monde gagne (ou perd) contre le vilain corbeau noir, l&#8217;\u0153il de Sauron ou les terribles Cylons, nul ne se sent personnellement humili\u00e9. Je leur rappellerai donc que, sauf cas pathologiques, le perdant d&#8217;un jeu de comp\u00e9tition n&#8217;a aucune raison de se sentir humili\u00e9, ni le vainqueur de se sentir fier puisque, par d\u00e9finition, un jeu n&#8217;est qu&#8217;un jeu. Dans un jeu classique, si l&#8217;on cherche toujours \u00e0 gagner, on se moque bien au fond, ensuite, de savoir qui a gagn\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Les ennuyeux partisans de l&#8217;usage p\u00e9dagogique du jeu, ceux qui pensent donc que le jeu apporte des valeurs, sont fort logiquement aussi ceux qui pensent qu&#8217;il devrait apporter les bonnes valeurs. Les jeux de comp\u00e9tition encourageraient le chacun pour soi, faisant des petits pauvres de futurs d\u00e9linquants et des petits riches de futurs capitalistes sans piti\u00e9. Les jeux de coop\u00e9ration, \u00e0 l\u2019inverse, formeraient \u00e0 la discussion, au d\u00e9bat, \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9coute, \u00e0 l\u2019ouverture sur l\u2019autre. Ce discours na\u00eff n\u2019est pas bien diff\u00e9rent de celui de ceux qui, inversant causes et cons\u00e9quences, s\u2019imaginent pouvoir lutter contre la violence sociale en confisquant aux enfants leurs pistolets \u00e0 eau et leurs \u00e9p\u00e9es en plastique et <a href=\"http:\/\/www.legorafi.fr\/2013\/09\/18\/la-societe-accusee-de-rendre-les-jeux-video-violents\/\" target=\"_blank\">en interdisant les jeux vid\u00e9os un peu violents<\/a>. Je suis toujours \u00e9tonn\u00e9 que ceux qui avancent ce type d\u2019arguments ne proposent pas \u00e9galement que l\u2019on interdise la lecture de Dostoievski, qui fait de nos enfants des d\u00e9bauch\u00e9s et\/ou des terroristes, ou celle de Shakespeare qui en fait de sinistres psychopathes violents et\/ou suicidaires. Il faut croire que la litt\u00e9rature, c\u2019est de la culture avec un grand K, sacr\u00e9e et intouchable, tandis que le jeu, c\u2019est juste bon pour les gamins et les imb\u00e9ciles que les gens intelligents comme nous auraient le noble devoir de former.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Coop\u00e9rer chacun pour soi<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Supposons pourtant, m\u00eame si je pense que cela n&#8217;est pas et ne doit pas \u00eatre le cas, que le jeu forme \u00e0 des valeurs ou des approches de la vie en soci\u00e9t\u00e9. Dans les jeux de coop\u00e9ration, il n&#8217;y a ni vainqueur, ni vaincu, mais il y a souvent un \u00ab\u00a0alpha-player\u00a0\u00bb, un leader, un guide (j&#8217;arr\u00eate les traductions avant d&#8217;atteindre le point Godwin). Les vrais jeux de coop\u00e9ration, et notamment ceux destin\u00e9s aux plus jeunes comme Le Verger, sont en fait souvent des jeux pour un seul joueur avec une strat\u00e9gie optimale. Parfois, des joueurs d&#8217;\u00e2ge, d&#8217;int\u00e9r\u00eat et de capacit\u00e9s \u00e9quivalents vont d\u00e9battre pour s&#8217;adapter aux circonstances et d\u00e9couvrir cette strat\u00e9gie optimale mais, le plus souvent, l&#8217;un d&#8217;entre eux, le plus \u00e2g\u00e9, le plus malin ou la plus grande gueule, va prendre le dessus, expliquer ce qu&#8217;il faut faire, pourquoi il vaut mieux que le corbeau mange des prunes s&#8217;il reste plus de prunes, et l&#8217;initiation \u00e0 la collaboration devient alors entrainement au leadership et \u00e0 la soumission. Soyons s\u00e9rieux cependant. Le seul vrai probl\u00e8me, c\u2019est que si seul le leader prend du plaisir \u00e0 jouer, le jeu ne fonctionne pas. Un jeu n\u2019a en effet pas pour fonction de former \u00e0 quelque valeur que ce soit, on l&#8217;a d\u00e9j\u00e0 dit, mais de procurer du plaisir aux joueurs.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5476\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2016\/02\/21\/tous-collabos-collaborators\/big-book-of-madness\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/big-book-of-madness.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"big book of madness\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/big-book-of-madness-300x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/big-book-of-madness.jpg\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5476\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/big-book-of-madness-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"big book of madness\" width=\"260\" height=\"260\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/big-book-of-madness-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/big-book-of-madness-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/big-book-of-madness.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 260px) 100vw, 260px\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5429\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2016\/02\/21\/tous-collabos-collaborators\/pandemic\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Pandemic.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"288,389\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Pandemic\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Pandemic-222x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Pandemic.jpg\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-5429\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Pandemic-222x300.jpg\" alt=\"Pandemic\" width=\"222\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Pandemic-222x300.jpg 222w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Pandemic.jpg 288w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 222px) 100vw, 222px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"2266\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2013\/06\/03\/jeux-de-cooperation-et-de-competition-un-paradoxe-politique-cooperative-and-competitive-games-a-political-paradox\/lordoftheringsfront\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/lord+of+the+rings+front.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"600,600\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Lord of the Rings\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/lord+of+the+rings+front-300x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/lord+of+the+rings+front.jpg\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-2266\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/lord+of+the+rings+front-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"Lord of the Rings\" width=\"260\" height=\"260\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/lord+of+the+rings+front-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/lord+of+the+rings+front-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/lord+of+the+rings+front.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 260px) 100vw, 260px\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5477\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2016\/02\/21\/tous-collabos-collaborators\/ghost-stories\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Ghost-Stories.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Ghost Stories\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Ghost-Stories-300x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Ghost-Stories.jpg\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5477\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Ghost-Stories-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"Ghost Stories\" width=\"260\" height=\"260\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Ghost-Stories-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Ghost-Stories-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Ghost-Stories.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 260px) 100vw, 260px\" \/><br \/>\n<em><span style=\"color: #808080;\">Quelques jeux pouvant \u00eatre affect\u00e9s par un probl\u00e8me d&#8217;alpha-player. Bien s\u00fbr, cela d\u00e9pend des joueurs.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p>Des auteurs malins ont donc tent\u00e9 de contourner ce probl\u00e8me d\u2019 \u00ab\u00a0alpha-player\u00a0\u00bb. Pour les plus jeunes, des jeux de construction ou d&#8217;adresse &#8211; je pense par exemple \u00e0 Burgritter &#8211; obligent les joueurs \u00e0 effectuer des actions \u00e0 plusieurs.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5437\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2016\/02\/21\/tous-collabos-collaborators\/burgritter\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Burgritter.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,364\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Burgritter\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Burgritter-300x218.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Burgritter.jpg\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5437\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Burgritter-300x218.jpg\" alt=\"Burgritter\" width=\"269\" height=\"198\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5475\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2016\/02\/21\/tous-collabos-collaborators\/pic419083_md\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/pic419083_md.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,432\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/pic419083_md-300x259.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/pic419083_md.jpg\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5475\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/pic419083_md-300x259.jpg\" alt=\"burgritter\" width=\"257\" height=\"223\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/pic419083_md-300x259.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/pic419083_md-347x300.jpg 347w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/pic419083_md.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 257px) 100vw, 257px\" \/><br \/>\n<em><span style=\"color: #808080;\">Coop\u00e9ration &#8220;r\u00e9elle&#8221;<br \/>\n<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p>Dans les jeux pour adultes, l&#8217;introduction d&#8217;un possible tra\u00eetre, comme dans les Chevaliers de la Table Ronde ou Battlestar Galactica cr\u00e9e la suspicion et emp\u00eache la franche discussion collective. Cela donne \u00e0 ces jeux une dimension psychologique tr\u00e8s int\u00e9ressante, mais je ne suis pas certain que la d\u00e9lation et la chasse au mouton noir soient pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment ce que les p\u00e9dagogues vantant les jeux de coop\u00e9ration cherchent \u00e0 encourager. Cela n&#8217;emp\u00eache pas toutes les colonies de vacances de jouer aux Loups Garous de Thiercelieux, et c&#8217;est tant mieux car c\u2019est un bon jeu.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5438\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2016\/02\/21\/tous-collabos-collaborators\/shadows-over-camelot\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/shadows-over-camelot.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"shadows over camelot\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/shadows-over-camelot-300x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/shadows-over-camelot.jpg\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5438\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/shadows-over-camelot-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"shadows over camelot\" width=\"260\" height=\"260\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/shadows-over-camelot-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/shadows-over-camelot-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/shadows-over-camelot.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 260px) 100vw, 260px\" \/> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5439\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2016\/02\/21\/tous-collabos-collaborators\/battlestar-galactica\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Battlestar-Galactica.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"499,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Battlestar Galactica\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Battlestar-Galactica-300x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Battlestar-Galactica.jpg\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5439\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Battlestar-Galactica-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"Battlestar Galactica\" width=\"260\" height=\"261\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Battlestar-Galactica-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Battlestar-Galactica-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Battlestar-Galactica-299x300.jpg 299w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Battlestar-Galactica.jpg 499w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 260px) 100vw, 260px\" \/><br \/>\n<em><span style=\"color: #808080;\">Il y a un traitre parmi nous.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p>Mon jeu Terra illustre ce que les \u00e9conomistes appellent coopetition. Chaque joueur tente d&#8217;\u00eatre le passager clandestin, celui qui aura le moins contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 l&#8217;incontournable objectif commun &#8211; rien de moins, dans Terra, que sauver la plan\u00e8te. Dans Dead of Winter, les joueurs ont certes un but commun, survivre face \u00e0 des hordes de zombies (je reviendrai sur les zombies) mais chacun doit aussi atteindre un objectif personnel et secret pour compter au nombre des vainqueurs.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"1824\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/sample-page\/2219_60192954883_200_n\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/06\/2219_60192954883_200_n.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"192,360\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Terra cover\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/06\/2219_60192954883_200_n-160x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/06\/2219_60192954883_200_n.jpg\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-1824\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/06\/2219_60192954883_200_n-160x300.jpg\" alt=\"Terra cover\" width=\"160\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/06\/2219_60192954883_200_n-160x300.jpg 160w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/06\/2219_60192954883_200_n.jpg 192w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5444\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2016\/02\/21\/tous-collabos-collaborators\/dead-of-winter\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Dead-of-Winter.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Dead of Winter\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Dead-of-Winter-300x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Dead-of-Winter.jpg\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-5444\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Dead-of-Winter-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"Dead of Winter\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Dead-of-Winter-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Dead-of-Winter-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Dead-of-Winter.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><br \/>\n<em><span style=\"color: #808080;\">Coop\u00e9tition<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p>On peut aussi, et c&#8217;\u00e9tait le choix de Reiner Knizia dans The Lord of the Rings, pouss\u00e9 plus loin encore par Antoine Bauza dans Hanabi, restreindre la communication entre les joueurs &#8211; mais l\u00e0, c&#8217;est le d\u00e9bat collaboratif qui en prend un coup. La solution la plus \u00e9l\u00e9gante est celle de Mysterium, o\u00f9 un joueur, le fant\u00f4me qui conna\u00eet la clef de l\u2019\u00e9nigme, ne peut communiquer avec les autres que gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 des cartes aux motifs oniriques, cr\u00e9ant un langage limit\u00e9, subjectif et po\u00e9tique.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5441\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2016\/02\/21\/tous-collabos-collaborators\/mysterium-4\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Mysterium-1.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,332\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Mysterium\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Mysterium-1-300x199.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Mysterium-1.jpg\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5441\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Mysterium-1.jpg\" alt=\"Mysterium\" width=\"500\" height=\"332\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Mysterium-1.jpg 500w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Mysterium-1-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Mysterium-1-452x300.jpg 452w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><br \/>\n<em><span style=\"color: #808080;\">Les r\u00eaves du fant\u00f4me de Mysterium<br \/>\n<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p>Restent les jeux par \u00e9quipe &#8211; un genre que j&#8217;aime assez pratiquer mais avec lequel je suis suffisamment mal \u00e0 l&#8217;aise pour ne m&#8217;y \u00eatre jamais vraiment essay\u00e9 comme auteur. Dans un jeu par \u00e9quipe &#8211; et c&#8217;est notamment vrai dans le sport &#8211; il y a \u00e0 la fois de la collaboration, entre partenaires, et de la comp\u00e9tition, avec les autres. C&#8217;est sans doute pour cela que les sports d&#8217;\u00e9quipe sont si fr\u00e9quemment utilis\u00e9s et mis en sc\u00e8ne \u00e0 l&#8217;\u00e9cole, mais eux aussi produisent des leaders et, surtout, cr\u00e9ent un univers de jeu divis\u00e9 en deux camps. Pas du tout politiquement correct, \u00e7a\u00a0!<br \/>\nSans doute faut-il accepter une bonne fois pour toutes que l&#8217;on s&#8217;en moque, qu&#8217;un jeu n&#8217;est fait et ne peut \u00eatre fait ni pour enseigner la comp\u00e9tition, ni pour apprendre la collaboration, mais simplement pour divertir les joueurs, et que l&#8217;on peut se divertir tr\u00e8s innocemment l&#8217;un contre l&#8217;autre ou l&#8217;un avec l&#8217;autre tant que, justement, on ne pense pas \u00eatre l\u00e0 pour apprendre quoi que ce soit.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Eux, les autres<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>M\u00eame si quelques uns tiennent un discours plus \u00e9quilibr\u00e9, comme par exemple sur le site de l&#8217;association <a href=\"http:\/\/www.envies-enjeux.fr\/\" target=\"_blank\">Envies Enjeux<\/a>, qui organise un espace d\u00e9di\u00e9 aux jeux coop\u00e9ratifs au prochain festival des jeux de Cannes, cette tendance au politiquement correct est tr\u00e8s pr\u00e9gnante chez les p\u00e9dagogues et associatifs de tous poils. Elle l&#8217;est un peu moins chez les joueurs de jeux coop\u00e9ratifs, et moins encore chez les auteurs.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5442\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2016\/02\/21\/tous-collabos-collaborators\/shadows-of-brimstone\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Shadows-of-Brimstone.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,308\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Shadows of Brimstone\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Shadows-of-Brimstone-300x185.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Shadows-of-Brimstone.jpg\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5442\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Shadows-of-Brimstone.jpg\" alt=\"Shadows of Brimstone\" width=\"400\" height=\"246\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Shadows-of-Brimstone.jpg 500w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Shadows-of-Brimstone-300x185.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Shadows-of-Brimstone-487x300.jpg 487w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Certains auteurs, pour se d\u00e9douaner par avance de tout soup\u00e7on d\u2019hypocrisie, ou juste parce que \u00e7a les amuse, prennent m\u00eame un malin plaisir \u00e0 imaginer des jeux de coop\u00e9ration aux th\u00e8mes douteux ou violents. On peut citer un dungeon-crawler plein d\u2019horreurs innommables comme Shadows of Brimstone, ou un petit jeu comme mon Novembre Rouge \u2013 dont le th\u00e8me original \u00e9tait le naufrage du Kursk et dans lequel la vodka peut aider \u00e0 r\u00e9soudre tous les probl\u00e8mes. \u00c0 l\u2019inverse, mon seul jeu un peu politique, Terra, est d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment ambigu, \u00e0 la fois coop\u00e9ratif et f\u00e9rocement comp\u00e9titif. Aucun auteur, \u00e0 ma connaissance, n&#8217;est cependant all\u00e9 jusqu&#8217;\u00e0 imaginer un jeu coop\u00e9ratif o\u00f9 les joueurs sont les m\u00e9chants, inquisiteurs, nazis ou terroristes par exemple.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5466\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2016\/02\/21\/tous-collabos-collaborators\/defenders-of-the-realm\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Defenders-of-the-Realm.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,418\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Defenders of the Realm\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Defenders-of-the-Realm-300x251.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Defenders-of-the-Realm.jpg\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-5466\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Defenders-of-the-Realm-300x251.jpg\" alt=\"Defenders of the Realm\" width=\"300\" height=\"251\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Defenders-of-the-Realm-300x251.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Defenders-of-the-Realm-359x300.jpg 359w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Defenders-of-the-Realm.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><br \/>\n<em><span style=\"color: #808080;\">Dans les jeux de guerre coop\u00e9ratifs, on n&#8217;attaque pas, on se d\u00e9fend &#8211; mais j&#8217;ignore si l&#8217;ironie est volontaire.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p>Les zombies, cependant, sont partout. Le zombie est une m\u00e9taphore, plus ou moins ironique, du pauvre, du lumpenproletariat, de l&#8217;\u00e9tranger &#8211; on pourrait ajouter aujourd&#8217;hui le r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 &#8211; mena\u00e7ant ce havre de paix de la classe moyenne am\u00e9ricaine qu&#8217;est le centre commercial. Le zombie n&#8217;est m\u00eame pas un individu, il est une horde, une masse grouillante et indiff\u00e9renci\u00e9e. C&#8217;est pourquoi, alors que l&#8217;on peut jouer des loups garous ou des vampires, on ne peut jouer que tous ensemble contre les zombies. Les jeux de zombies,\u00a0 Zombicide, Dead of Winter, Zombie 15, sont donc le plus souvent coop\u00e9ratifs mais toujours violents et sanguinaires. Il serait int\u00e9ressant de savoir, quels sont, parmi leurs auteurs, ceux qui voulaient cr\u00e9er un jeu de zombie et en sont venus plus ou moins logiquement \u00e0 des m\u00e9canismes coop\u00e9ratifs, et ceux qui souhaitaient concevoir un jeu de coop\u00e9ration et ont cherch\u00e9 un th\u00e8me qui soit coh\u00e9rent mais pas trop na\u00eff et gentillet.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5443\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2016\/02\/21\/tous-collabos-collaborators\/zombicide\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/zombicide.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,499\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"zombicide\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/zombicide-300x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/zombicide.jpg\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5443\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/zombicide.jpg\" alt=\"zombicide\" width=\"260\" height=\"259\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/zombicide.jpg 500w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/zombicide-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/zombicide-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/zombicide-301x300.jpg 301w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 260px) 100vw, 260px\" \/>\u00a0<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5452\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2016\/02\/21\/tous-collabos-collaborators\/pic2138386_md\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/pic2138386_md.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,499\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Zombie 15\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/pic2138386_md-300x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/pic2138386_md.jpg\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5452\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/pic2138386_md-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"Zombie 15\" width=\"260\" height=\"259\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/pic2138386_md-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/pic2138386_md-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/pic2138386_md-301x300.jpg 301w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/pic2138386_md.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 260px) 100vw, 260px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Gentils et poilus<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>On peut n\u00e9anmoins \u00eatre tr\u00e8s politique, et politiquement tr\u00e8s correct, sans donner pour autant dans la mi\u00e8vrerie. Et aux jeux qui suivent, j&#8217;ai jou\u00e9 ou je jouerai sans doute avec un tr\u00e8s grand plaisir.<\/p>\n<p>Dans Pand\u00e9mie, les joueurs sont des scientifiques, dont les blouses blanches cachent toutes les couleurs possibles, qui collaborent pour contenir puis \u00e9radiquer des virus mortels mena\u00e7ant la population mondiale. Le jeu se joue quand m\u00eame sur une carte du monde, qui n\u2019est pas sans rappeler le Risk et tous ses cousins, et son d\u00e9roulement est un peu une guerre, une succession de batailles perdues et gagn\u00e9es contre bacilles et virus.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5433\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2016\/02\/21\/tous-collabos-collaborators\/pic2452831_md\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/pic2452831_md.png\" data-orig-size=\"500,364\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Pandemic\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/pic2452831_md-300x218.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/pic2452831_md.png\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5433 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/pic2452831_md-300x218.png\" alt=\"pic2452831_md\" width=\"300\" height=\"218\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/pic2452831_md-300x218.png 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/pic2452831_md-412x300.png 412w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/pic2452831_md.png 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Les Poilus, c&#8217;est l\u2019inverse. Le th\u00e8me, c\u2019est la guerre, mais la guerre vue d\u2019en bas. Les joueurs ne sont pas des chefs d\u2019\u00e9tat major manipulant des troupes anonymes, ce sont Anselme Perrin ou Charles Sauli\u00e8re, des fantassins au fond des tranch\u00e9es, dont le seul but est de s\u2019en sortir vivant, tous ensemble. Les Poilus sont plus qu\u2019un jeu coop\u00e9ratif, ils sont le premier jeu de guerre antimilitariste, un jeu triste et \u00e9mouvant.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"4017\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2015\/01\/11\/les-poilus\/image-3\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/image.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1555,1550\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Poilus\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/image-300x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/image-1024x1021.jpg\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-4017 \" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/image-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"Poilus\" width=\"245\" height=\"245\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/image-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/image-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/image-1024x1021.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/image-301x300.jpg 301w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/image.jpg 1555w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 245px) 100vw, 245px\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5458\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2016\/02\/21\/tous-collabos-collaborators\/freedom\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/freedom.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,363\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"freedom\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/freedom-300x218.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/freedom.jpg\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-5458\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/freedom-300x218.jpg\" alt=\"freedom\" width=\"300\" height=\"218\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/freedom-300x218.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/freedom-413x300.jpg 413w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/freedom.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><br \/>\n<em><span style=\"color: #808080;\">Freedom, the Underground Railway, un autre exemple de jeu politiquement correct dont le th\u00e8me est tout sauf mi\u00e8vre.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p>La r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 Robinson Crusoe, qui est plusieurs dans le jeu, permet d&#8217;insiter plus sur la dimension romanesque, sur le r\u00e9cit, que sur l&#8217;organisation d&#8217;un petit monde. Dans Kr\u00e9o, \u00e0 para\u00eetre bient\u00f4t, dans la m\u00eame gamme que les Poilus, les joueurs collaborent tr\u00e8s pacifiquement pour cr\u00e9er un monde de paix, d&#8217;harmonie,, tout \u00e7a. On nous dit bien qu&#8217;ils sont les titans r\u00e9volt\u00e9s contre papa Chronos, donc pas des vrais gentils quand m\u00eame, mais \u00e7a aurait pu se sentir un peu plus dans le jeu.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5464\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2016\/02\/21\/tous-collabos-collaborators\/robinson-crusoe-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/robinson-crusoe-1.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,336\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"robinson crusoe\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/robinson-crusoe-1-300x202.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/robinson-crusoe-1.jpg\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5464 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/robinson-crusoe-1-300x202.jpg\" alt=\"robinson crusoe\" width=\"300\" height=\"202\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/robinson-crusoe-1-300x202.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/robinson-crusoe-1-446x300.jpg 446w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/robinson-crusoe-1.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5471\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2016\/02\/21\/tous-collabos-collaborators\/kreo-3\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/kreo-2.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"960,960\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"kreo\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/kreo-2-300x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/kreo-2.jpg\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5471\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/kreo-2-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"kreo\" width=\"220\" height=\"220\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/kreo-2-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/kreo-2-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/kreo-2-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/kreo-2.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 220px) 100vw, 220px\" \/><br \/>\n<em><span style=\"color: #808080;\">Construire son monde<br \/>\n<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p>Pas plus qu\u2019un roman, un jeu ne doit avoir n\u00e9cessairement une signification politique et un th\u00e8me socialement positif. Tout comme un roman, il peut les avoir, mais \u00e0 condition de ne pas sombrer dans la mi\u00e8vrerie et le didactisme. En trente ans dans le petit monde du jeu, j\u2019ai vu passer des dizaines de jeux coop\u00e9ratifs, souvent ambitieux et parfois bien con\u00e7us, cens\u00e9s promouvoir la construction d\u2019un monde meilleur gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la paix, \u00e0 la diversit\u00e9, au tri des d\u00e9chets et au d\u00e9veloppement durable. S\u2019ils ont tous \u00e9t\u00e9 vite oubli\u00e9s, c\u2019est qu\u2019ils \u00e9taient aussi passionnants que des romans sur la construction d\u2019un monde meilleur gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la paix, \u00e0 la diversit\u00e9, au tri des d\u00e9chets et au d\u00e9veloppement durable. Pand\u00e9mie et les Poilus ont quand m\u00eame plus de gueule.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Tous contre tous ou chacun pour soi<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Entre les jeux agressifs et les jeux coop\u00e9ratifs, il y a une place pour les jeux de rivalit\u00e9 pacifique, dont le mod\u00e8le est les Colons de Catan. Ce n&#8217;est pas par hasard que ce jeu a \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7u et initialement publi\u00e9 en Allemagne, o\u00f9 le jeu de guerre est encore un tabou tr\u00e8s fort. Commercialement, Catan \u00e9tait d&#8217;abord con\u00e7u comme un succ\u00e9dan\u00e9 politiquement correct du Risk pour les familles allemandes.<br \/>\nIl faudrait donc distinguer deux types de comp\u00e9tition, selon que chaque joueur joue plus contre les autres ou pour lui-m\u00eame. Nous aurions alors, par ordre croissant de violence sublim\u00e9e et par ordre d\u00e9croissant de gentillesse politique et sociale, les jeux de coop\u00e9ration auxquels on joue tous ensemble, les jeux de concurrence auxquels on joue chacun pour soi, et les jeux d\u2019affrontement auxquels on joue les uns contre les autres, ou, pour le dire autrement, les jeux o\u00f9 les autres joueurs sont des partenaires, ceux o\u00f9 ils sont des concurrents et ceux o\u00f9 ils sont des adversaires.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5445\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2016\/02\/21\/tous-collabos-collaborators\/catan-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Catan.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,497\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Catan\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Catan-300x298.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Catan.jpg\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5445\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Catan-300x298.jpg\" alt=\"Catan\" width=\"275\" height=\"273\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Catan-300x298.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Catan-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Catan-302x300.jpg 302w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Catan.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 275px) 100vw, 275px\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5446\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2016\/02\/21\/tous-collabos-collaborators\/agricola-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Agricola.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"721,1024\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Agricola\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Agricola-211x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Agricola-721x1024.jpg\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-5446\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Agricola-211x300.jpg\" alt=\"Agricola\" width=\"211\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Agricola-211x300.jpg 211w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Agricola.jpg 721w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 211px) 100vw, 211px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Les jeux de rivalit\u00e9 pacifique, jeux de course, jeux de d\u00e9veloppement dans la lign\u00e9e des Colons de Catan ou des Aventuriers du Rail, jeux d&#8217;Engine building comme Puerto Rico o\u00f9 chacun joue sur son petit plateau individuel, restent tr\u00e8s comp\u00e9titifs, et sont sans doute plus proche des m\u00e9canismes du capitalisme contemporain que les jeux de guerre et d&#8217;affrontement. Ils ont quand m\u00eame un aspect non violent qui en fait une \u00e9tape interm\u00e9diaire, logiquement mais aussi chronologiquement, entre les jeux d&#8217;affrontement et les jeux de coop\u00e9ration. Leur faiblesse est que plus la rivalit\u00e9 est pacifique, plus l&#8217;interaction entre joueurs est faible. Coop\u00e9ration et affrontement sont deux moyens de susciter l&#8217;interaction entre les joueurs. Les jeux o\u00f9 l&#8217;on ne joue ni les uns contre les autres, ni tous ensemble, mais chacun dans son coin perdent un peu de l&#8217;aspect social qui fait la diff\u00e9rence entre les jeux de soci\u00e9t\u00e9 sur table et les jeux videos. L\u00e0 encore cependant, il y a des degr\u00e9s, et tout le charme et l&#8217;int\u00e9r\u00eat de Catan, des Aventuriers du Rail ou d&#8217;Ave Cesar viennent des possibilit\u00e9s de bloquer les autres joueurs, ce qui n&#8217;est quand m\u00eame pas tr\u00e8s gentil.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5449\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2016\/02\/21\/tous-collabos-collaborators\/interaction1\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/interaction1.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"799,516\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"interaction\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/interaction1-300x194.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/interaction1.jpg\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5449\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/interaction1.jpg\" alt=\"interaction1\" width=\"584\" height=\"377\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/interaction1.jpg 799w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/interaction1-300x194.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/interaction1-768x496.jpg 768w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/interaction1-465x300.jpg 465w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px\" \/><br \/>\nJe me demande si le succ\u00e8s actuel des jeux de comp\u00e9tition sans affrontement direct, o\u00f9 l\u2019on joue chacun dans son coin, et parfois chacun sur son petit plateau, ne provient pas d&#8217;une forme att\u00e9nu\u00e9e et moins consciente de la m\u00eame illusion politique que l&#8217;on rencontre chez certains thurif\u00e9raires du jeu de coop\u00e9ration \u2013 l\u2019id\u00e9e que l\u2019on serait moins m\u00e9chant, et donc plus cool et plus moderne, si l\u2019on joue \u00e0 des jeux moins m\u00e9chants. C\u2019est bien s\u00fbr faux, le propre du jeu \u00e9tant d\u2019\u00eatre d\u00e9connect\u00e9 du r\u00e9el, et le seul r\u00e9sultat est souvent que l\u2019on s\u2019amuse moins. C&#8217;est vrai des jeux de soci\u00e9t\u00e9 comme c&#8217;est vrai du sexe.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5450\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2016\/02\/21\/tous-collabos-collaborators\/deception\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Deception.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Deception\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Deception-300x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Deception.jpg\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-5450\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Deception-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"Deception\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Deception-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Deception-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Deception.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><br \/>\n<em><span style=\"color: #808080;\">Mysterium avec un traitre&#8230;<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p>On a tort de vouloir syst\u00e9matiquement opposer jeux de comp\u00e9tition et jeux de collaboration, comme le montre le nombre de plus en plus important de jeux hybrides, \u00e0 la mani\u00e8re des Loups Garous (ou du g\u00e9nial Deception, Murder in Hong Kong, qui devrait bient\u00f4t sortir en fran\u00e7ais). Les jeux coop\u00e9ratifs apportent de l\u2019air frais au petit monde du jeu de soci\u00e9t\u00e9, mais ils ne rendent pas techniquement, politiquement ou moralement obsol\u00e8te tout ce qui les a pr\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9s. On leur doit de nouvelles m\u00e9caniques, de nouveaux th\u00e8mes, d\u00e9j\u00e0 quelques chefs d\u2019\u0153uvre comme Le D\u00e9sert Interdit, Pand\u00e9mie, Les Poilus et surtout Mysterium, \u00a0mais on peut les appr\u00e9cier et les promouvoir sans jeter l&#8217;opprobre sur les d\u00e9linquants et fachos en puissance qui pratiquent les jeux de comp\u00e9tition.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"2364\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2013\/07\/30\/entre-les-mondes-between-worlds\/v315-grand-chaman\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/v315-grand-chaman.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1748,1858\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Bruno grand shaman\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/v315-grand-chaman-282x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/v315-grand-chaman-963x1024.jpg\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-2364\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/v315-grand-chaman-282x300.jpg\" alt=\"Bruno grand shaman\" width=\"282\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/v315-grand-chaman-282x300.jpg 282w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/v315-grand-chaman-963x1024.jpg 963w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/v315-grand-chaman.jpg 1748w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 282px) 100vw, 282px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em>William: &#8220;I&#8217;m sure we can all pull together, sir.&#8221;<\/em><br \/>\n<em>Vetinari: &#8220;Oh, I do hope not. Pulling together is the aim of despotism and tyranny. Free men pull in all kinds of directions.\u201d <\/em><br \/>\n<em>\u2015 Terry Pratchett, The Truth<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Cooperate or collaborate ?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>Most boardgames are competitive. Competition can be harsh, a direct confrontation between players, in which every territory conquered, every sum of money won, every card acquired is taken from another player. It can be soft, a race to be the first past the post or a well-spirited rivalry to build the nicest city, kingdom or whatever. Most times, it is somewhere in between, a competition which takes care of opponents without being an all-out war. Then there are games with no competition, or at least no competition between players. In cooperative games, players fight\/work together towards a common goal.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Before considering these cooperative games at some length, building in part from what I&#8217;ve already written on this subject a few years ago, I&#8217;d like to reject another expression which is sometimes used (at least in France) to describe them, collaborative games. Collaboration is not a way of playing, it&#8217;s a way of working. Calling games collaborative suggests that gaming has something in common with work, that it has or can have a productive or formative value, an idea I have always, as a game designer, strongly rejected. If players are not doing anything more than playing, they cooperate, they don&#8217;t collaborate.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Short history<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>The best seller cooperative game in Europe is probably still The Orchard, published by Haba in the early eighties. It has a nice big yellow box, cute baskets, wooden fruits and an evil black crow, the common enemy. The box says it is for kinds aged 3 or more, it doesn&#8217;t say it becomes utterly boring at 5 or 6. I know little about the young children games market, but The Orchard was not the first of its kind. Most American kids have played one of the &#8211; usually bad &#8211; Family Pastimes cooperative boardgames.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"2269\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2013\/06\/03\/jeux-de-cooperation-et-de-competition-un-paradoxe-politique-cooperative-and-competitive-games-a-political-paradox\/attachment\/0005149\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/0005149.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"440,395\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Verger\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/0005149-300x269.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/0005149.jpg\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-2269\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/0005149-300x269.jpg\" alt=\"Verger\" width=\"250\" height=\"224\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/0005149-300x269.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/0005149-334x300.jpg 334w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/0005149.jpg 440w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"2265\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2013\/06\/03\/jeux-de-cooperation-et-de-competition-un-paradoxe-politique-cooperative-and-competitive-games-a-political-paradox\/orchard\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/orchard.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"588,422\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Verger\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/orchard-300x215.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/orchard.jpg\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-2265\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/orchard-300x215.jpg\" alt=\"Verger\" width=\"300\" height=\"215\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/orchard-300x215.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/orchard-418x300.jpg 418w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/orchard.jpg 588w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/strong><em><span style=\"color: #808080;\">Cute games for cute kids<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Tabletop role-playing-games, in which players stick together and the game master is more a moderator than an enemy, were also kind of cooperative games &#8211; and this already shows that solidarity is not incompatible with violence &#8211; more about this later. <\/em><br \/>\n<em>\u2028Let&#8217;s stick to more classically looking boardgames, boxed games with cards and pawns. Reiner Knizia&#8217;s Lord of the Rings game, published in 2000, is the first noticeable one, a major hit by a major designer. It has been somewhat forgotten since, mostly because while it was the first of its kind, there has been many developments since, and it now feels a bit primitive. But let&#8217;s notice already that Reiner Knizia, probably the most prolific game designer in the 1990s and 2000s was definitely not averse to competitive games, of which he has published a few hundreds.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"2266\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2013\/06\/03\/jeux-de-cooperation-et-de-competition-un-paradoxe-politique-cooperative-and-competitive-games-a-political-paradox\/lordoftheringsfront\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/lord+of+the+rings+front.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"600,600\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Lord of the Rings\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/lord+of+the+rings+front-300x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/lord+of+the+rings+front.jpg\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-2266\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/lord+of+the+rings+front-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"Lord of the Rings\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/lord+of+the+rings+front-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/lord+of+the+rings+front-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/lord+of+the+rings+front.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><br \/>\n<em><span style=\"color: #808080;\">Where it really started<br \/>\n<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Scores of other cooperative games followed, the first ones heavily inspired by Lord of the Rings. Matt Leacock, designer of games such as Forbidden Island, Forbidden Desert, Thunderbirds and, most of all, the popular Pandemic has become a specialist of the genre, but he is the only one that I know of. <\/em><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5429\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2016\/02\/21\/tous-collabos-collaborators\/pandemic\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Pandemic.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"288,389\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Pandemic\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Pandemic-222x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Pandemic.jpg\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5429\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Pandemic-222x300.jpg\" alt=\"Pandemic\" width=\"222\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Pandemic-222x300.jpg 222w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Pandemic.jpg 288w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 222px) 100vw, 222px\" \/>\u00a0 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5431\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2016\/02\/21\/tous-collabos-collaborators\/thunderbirds\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Thunderbirds.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Thunderbirds\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Thunderbirds-300x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Thunderbirds.jpg\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5431\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Thunderbirds-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"Thunderbirds\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Thunderbirds-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Thunderbirds-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Thunderbirds.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em><span style=\"color: #808080;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5430\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2016\/02\/21\/tous-collabos-collaborators\/forbidden-island\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Forbidden-island.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"364,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Forbidden island\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Forbidden-island-218x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Forbidden-island.jpg\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-5430\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Forbidden-island-218x300.jpg\" alt=\"Forbidden island\" width=\"218\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Forbidden-island-218x300.jpg 218w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Forbidden-island.jpg 364w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 218px) 100vw, 218px\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5451\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2016\/02\/21\/tous-collabos-collaborators\/forbidden-desert\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Forbidden-Desert.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Forbidden Desert\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Forbidden-Desert-300x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Forbidden-Desert.jpg\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-5451\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Forbidden-Desert-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"Forbidden Desert\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Forbidden-Desert-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Forbidden-Desert-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Forbidden-Desert.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><br \/>\nSome games by Matt Leacock<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Most game designers gave a try at cooperative games, as a minor and relatively difficult genre. No game designer that I know of has resigned good old nasty games of war, race, rivalry and other forms of competition. As for me, the main reason why I didn&#8217;t persist after giving it a try in 2008 with Red November is probably that I&#8217;m more and more interested in bluffing systems, and I still didn&#8217;t find a way to implement bluffing in a pure coop game. It&#8217;s much easier, however, with my other favorite theme, risk taking.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"360\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2012\/05\/01\/novembre-rouge-red-november\/red_nov_front\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/Red_Nov_Front.png\" data-orig-size=\"500,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Red November Cover\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/Red_Nov_Front-300x300.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/Red_Nov_Front.png\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-360\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/Red_Nov_Front-300x300.png\" alt=\"Red November Cover\" width=\"280\" height=\"280\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/Red_Nov_Front-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/Red_Nov_Front-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/Red_Nov_Front.png 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 280px) 100vw, 280px\" \/><br \/>\n<em><span style=\"color: #808080;\">I did it too.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>I remember, when the Lord of the Rings boardgame came out, wondering if a brand new genre of boardgames will develop out of this. It did, though it took longer than I was imagining for cooperative games to become really a major part of the gaming world, and of the gaming business. These two or three last years, cooperative games like Hanabi, which won German the Spiel des Jahres, Pandemic and now Pandemic Legacy (which I&#8217;ve not played yet), Mysterium and the Grizzled, cooperative games have become best sellers. That&#8217;s good news, and I&#8217;m a big fan of Mysterium, which I even prefer withnthe original purely cooperative rules than with the slightly competitive ones of the western editions.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5432\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2016\/02\/21\/tous-collabos-collaborators\/pic1825337_md\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/pic1825337_md.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"391,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Hanabi\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/pic1825337_md-235x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/pic1825337_md.jpg\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5432\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/pic1825337_md-235x300.jpg\" alt=\"Hanabi\" width=\"233\" height=\"294\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5440\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2016\/02\/21\/tous-collabos-collaborators\/mysterium-3\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Mysterium.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Mysterium\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Mysterium-300x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Mysterium.jpg\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5440\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Mysterium-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"Mysterium\" width=\"298\" height=\"298\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Mysterium-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Mysterium-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Mysterium.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 298px) 100vw, 298px\" \/><br \/>\n<em><span style=\"color: #808080;\">Awards and best sellers.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Political correctness<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>Cooperative gaming is the last politically correct craze of green liberal leftist hipsters from the east of Paris, and from some other places. This angers me, especially since I usually like these people, and Belleville, where I live, in the eastern part of Paris.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>There are political reasons which deserve some serious deconstruction, because they are based on a faulty economic analysis and a misunderstanding of what a game really is and stands for. Broadly speaking, the idea is that the evil global capitalism is a world of unfettered competition represented and promoted in traditional competition games, and that we ought to oppose to it the world of inclusive solidarity to build a better tomorrow through sustainable development, embedded in cooperative gaming.<br \/>\nThe idea that contemporary capitalism is a world of pure and violent competition, as described in Mankiw&#8217;s catechism, is a common mistake. Of course, competition between entrepreneurs (and between workers) is the original engine of capitalism. Contemporary capitalism, however, is also a world of cartels, collusion and connivance &#8211; combinazione, to use the Italian word, not always associated with non violence. Global corporations also make heavy use of cooperative gaming, though they prefer to call it collaborative, to promote &#8220;team spirit&#8221; and enforce &#8220;corporate culture&#8221; and similar bullshit. I don&#8217;t think they would nourish a snake in their bosom.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>I agree that chainsaws, semi-automatic rifles and two-handed swords are not the best fitted tools to build a better tomorrow, but this doesn&#8217;t mean that we&#8217;re living in the best possible world. Furthermore, making the world cuter and nicer might require revolt, some fighting, debates, cunning, schemes and may be some cheating. Stating that competitive gaming is a metaphor of war and savage capitalism, and cooperative games a tool for peace in the world and sustainable development is a cute idea but a major error in reasoning.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Nice and well meaning teachers might answer that, if cooperative games may not be politically relevant, they have at least some moral superiority over mean and vulgar competitive ones. Since everyone wins, or sometimes loses, against the dark raven, the evil eye of Sauron or the chilling cylons, no individual loser can feel humiliated, and no individual winner can feel particularly proud of himself. Well, a common characteristic of all games is that they are just games and that winning and losing, while being fundamental when playing, doesn\u2019t matter anymore once the game is over. Feeling otherwise is just perverse.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Logically, those who think games can teach social values are also those who claim they should carry positive values. Old style competitive game teach egoism, every man for himself, making delinquents out of poor kids and ruthless capitalists out of rich ones. On the other hand, cooperative games teach discussion, debate, openness and solidarity. This naive discourse reminds me of these good souls who revert causes and consequences and think we could fight social violence with banning kids water pistols and violent video games. If we follow this reasoning, we should also forbid the reading of Dostojevski, who will turn our kids into debauched and\/or terrorists, and that of Shakespeare, who will change them into sad violent and\/or suicidal psychopaths. But, of course, literature is part of the true culture, with a big K, while games are just for kids and loonies which clever people like us have to\u00a0 train.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Lets&#8217;s cooperate every man for himself<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>Even though I think it doesn&#8217;t, and ought not to, let&#8217;s suppose games teach values and analytical theories about the social world. Cooperative games have no individual winner or loser, but they often have something far more problematic &#8211; an alpha-player, a leader, a guide (let&#8217;s stop with translations before we reach the Godwin point) who takes all the real decisions for all players. True cooperative games,\u00a0 and especially those aimed at younger players like the ubiquitous Orchard, are in fact single player games with an optimal strategy. Players of the same age, energy and abilities might collaborate to find this strategy, but most times one will seize the leadership, explain why it\u2019s better to have the raven eat plums when there are mostly plums left, and what was designed as a tool for learning collaboration becomes a tool for learning leadership and submission. But let&#8217;s be serious. The only real problem with the alpha-player syndrome is that the one player who takes all the decisions is the only one having fun. The goal of a game is not to teach anything, but to have players enjoy the ride. If only one does, the game fails.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5476\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2016\/02\/21\/tous-collabos-collaborators\/big-book-of-madness\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/big-book-of-madness.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"big book of madness\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/big-book-of-madness-300x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/big-book-of-madness.jpg\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5476\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/big-book-of-madness-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"big book of madness\" width=\"260\" height=\"260\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/big-book-of-madness-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/big-book-of-madness-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/big-book-of-madness.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 260px) 100vw, 260px\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5429\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2016\/02\/21\/tous-collabos-collaborators\/pandemic\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Pandemic.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"288,389\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Pandemic\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Pandemic-222x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Pandemic.jpg\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-5429\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Pandemic-222x300.jpg\" alt=\"Pandemic\" width=\"222\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Pandemic-222x300.jpg 222w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Pandemic.jpg 288w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 222px) 100vw, 222px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"2266\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2013\/06\/03\/jeux-de-cooperation-et-de-competition-un-paradoxe-politique-cooperative-and-competitive-games-a-political-paradox\/lordoftheringsfront\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/lord+of+the+rings+front.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"600,600\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Lord of the Rings\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/lord+of+the+rings+front-300x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/lord+of+the+rings+front.jpg\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-2266\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/lord+of+the+rings+front-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"Lord of the Rings\" width=\"260\" height=\"260\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/lord+of+the+rings+front-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/lord+of+the+rings+front-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/lord+of+the+rings+front.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 260px) 100vw, 260px\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5477\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2016\/02\/21\/tous-collabos-collaborators\/ghost-stories\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Ghost-Stories.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Ghost Stories\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Ghost-Stories-300x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Ghost-Stories.jpg\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5477\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Ghost-Stories-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"Ghost Stories\" width=\"260\" height=\"260\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Ghost-Stories-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Ghost-Stories-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Ghost-Stories.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 260px) 100vw, 260px\" \/><br \/>\n<em><span style=\"color: #808080;\">Some games which can be affected by the alpha-player syndrome &#8211; but of course, it depends on the players..<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Of course, clever game designers have found ways to avoid the leadership issue. Some children games, like the building game Burgritter, require gamers to really act as a team when fulfilling some tasks. <\/em><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5437\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2016\/02\/21\/tous-collabos-collaborators\/burgritter\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Burgritter.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,364\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Burgritter\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Burgritter-300x218.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Burgritter.jpg\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5437\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Burgritter-300x218.jpg\" alt=\"Burgritter\" width=\"269\" height=\"198\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5475\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2016\/02\/21\/tous-collabos-collaborators\/pic419083_md\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/pic419083_md.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,432\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/pic419083_md-300x259.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/pic419083_md.jpg\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5475\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/pic419083_md-300x259.jpg\" alt=\"burgritter\" width=\"257\" height=\"223\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/pic419083_md-300x259.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/pic419083_md-347x300.jpg 347w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/pic419083_md.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 257px) 100vw, 257px\" \/><br \/>\n<em><span style=\"color: #808080;\">True collaboration<br \/>\n<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>In adult games, the introduction of a possible traitor, like in Shadows over Camelot or Battlestar Galactica, creates strong suspicion and prevents totally open discussion. I think it brings a very interesting psychological dimension to these games, but I\u2019m not sure denunciation and hunt for the black sheep are exactly what leftist and liberal educators promoting cooperative gaming want to teach. Anyway, this doesn\u2019t prevent most summer camps to play werewolf, and that\u2019s for the best because it&#8217;s a great game. <\/em><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5438\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2016\/02\/21\/tous-collabos-collaborators\/shadows-over-camelot\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/shadows-over-camelot.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"shadows over camelot\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/shadows-over-camelot-300x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/shadows-over-camelot.jpg\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5438\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/shadows-over-camelot-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"shadows over camelot\" width=\"260\" height=\"260\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/shadows-over-camelot-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/shadows-over-camelot-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/shadows-over-camelot.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 260px) 100vw, 260px\" \/> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5439\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2016\/02\/21\/tous-collabos-collaborators\/battlestar-galactica\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Battlestar-Galactica.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"499,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Battlestar Galactica\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Battlestar-Galactica-300x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Battlestar-Galactica.jpg\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5439\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Battlestar-Galactica-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"Battlestar Galactica\" width=\"260\" height=\"261\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Battlestar-Galactica-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Battlestar-Galactica-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Battlestar-Galactica-299x300.jpg 299w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Battlestar-Galactica.jpg 499w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 260px) 100vw, 260px\" \/><br \/>\n<em><span style=\"color: #808080;\">There&#8217;s a traitor among us<br \/>\n<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Another solution is what economists call coopetition, the need to collaborate to some extent, to avoid collective defeat, while pursuing one&#8217;s own goal. My Terra is a coopetitive game, in which every player tries to be the free rider and make the smallest contribution to the common goal &#8211; saving the earth, no less. In Dead of Winter, a zombie game &#8211; zombies are coming soon &#8211; players have a common goal, but each one of them must also fulfill his personal secret objective to be among the winners. <\/em><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"1824\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/sample-page\/2219_60192954883_200_n\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/06\/2219_60192954883_200_n.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"192,360\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Terra cover\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/06\/2219_60192954883_200_n-160x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/06\/2219_60192954883_200_n.jpg\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-1824\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/06\/2219_60192954883_200_n-160x300.jpg\" alt=\"Terra cover\" width=\"160\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/06\/2219_60192954883_200_n-160x300.jpg 160w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/06\/2219_60192954883_200_n.jpg 192w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5444\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2016\/02\/21\/tous-collabos-collaborators\/dead-of-winter\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Dead-of-Winter.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Dead of Winter\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Dead-of-Winter-300x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Dead-of-Winter.jpg\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-5444\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Dead-of-Winter-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"Dead of Winter\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Dead-of-Winter-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Dead-of-Winter-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Dead-of-Winter.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><br \/>\n<em><span style=\"color: #808080;\">Coopetition<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>One can also, like Reiner Knizia already did for Lord of the Rings, and Antoine Bauza did much more strictly in Hanabi, limit the communication between players, forcing each one of them to make his own decisions\u00a0\u00a0 \u2013 so much for collaborative debate. The most elegant solution is probably the one implemented in Mysterium, where one player knows the truth but has to convey it to the other players with handing to them &#8220;dream cards&#8221; with oneiric paintings, thus creating a limited, subjective and poetic language. <\/em><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5441\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2016\/02\/21\/tous-collabos-collaborators\/mysterium-4\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Mysterium-1.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,332\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Mysterium\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Mysterium-1-300x199.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Mysterium-1.jpg\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5441\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Mysterium-1.jpg\" alt=\"Mysterium\" width=\"500\" height=\"332\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Mysterium-1.jpg 500w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Mysterium-1-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Mysterium-1-452x300.jpg 452w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><br \/>\n<em><span style=\"color: #808080;\">Life of a ghost is but a dream<br \/>\n<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Team games are a genre of their own. I like playing them, but I\u2019ve never really known how to design them. In a team game \u2013 including most sports \u2013 there\u2019s both collaboration between partners and competition against the opposing team. That\u2019s probably why sports are so regularly used at school \u2013 though I used to hate them as a student. The problem is that they also encourage leadership, and create a game world divided in two sides \u2013 not very politically correct either.<\/em><br \/>\n<em>So what ? Let\u2019s agree that we don\u2019t really care, that a game is never designed to teach competition or collaboration but just to give the players some fun or excitement, and that it\u2019s perfectly well to play one against the other or one with the other, as long as it\u2019s just a game and nobody thinks he\u2019s here to learn anything.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>The others<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>This politically correct trend is strong among educators, and among the most enthusiast cooperative game players, but it&#8217;s weaker among game designers. Many of them, to defuse by advance any suspicion about hypocrisy, or just for fun, deliberately design cooperative games with dark, violent or ambiguous settings. <\/em><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5442\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2016\/02\/21\/tous-collabos-collaborators\/shadows-of-brimstone\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Shadows-of-Brimstone.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,308\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Shadows of Brimstone\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Shadows-of-Brimstone-300x185.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Shadows-of-Brimstone.jpg\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5442\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Shadows-of-Brimstone.jpg\" alt=\"Shadows of Brimstone\" width=\"400\" height=\"246\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Shadows-of-Brimstone.jpg 500w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Shadows-of-Brimstone-300x185.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Shadows-of-Brimstone-487x300.jpg 487w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em>Shadows of Brimstone is a cooperative dungeon crawler full of unspeakable horrors. In my Red November, whose original design was based on the wreck of the Kursk Russian submarine, vodka is a wild card which can help with all kinds of problems. Conversely, my only politically conscious game, Terra, is deliberately ambiguous, both cooperative and fiercely competitive. No game designer that I know of, however, ever imagined a cooperative game in which players impersonate the bad guys, inquisitors, nazis or something like this. Some political correctness is probably necessary.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5466\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2016\/02\/21\/tous-collabos-collaborators\/defenders-of-the-realm\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Defenders-of-the-Realm.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,418\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Defenders of the Realm\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Defenders-of-the-Realm-300x251.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Defenders-of-the-Realm.jpg\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-5466\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Defenders-of-the-Realm-300x251.jpg\" alt=\"Defenders of the Realm\" width=\"300\" height=\"251\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Defenders-of-the-Realm-300x251.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Defenders-of-the-Realm-359x300.jpg 359w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Defenders-of-the-Realm.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><em><span style=\"color: #808080;\"><br \/>\nEven cooperative wargames are not about attacking but about defending. I don&#8217;t know if the irony is intended.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Zombies, however, are everywhere. Zombies are an ironic pop culture metaphor of the lumpenproletariat, the stranger &#8211; one could even add the refugee if we want to stick with the news &#8211; menacing the very heart of middle-class american life, the mall. The zombie is not even an individual, it&#8217;s a swarm, a teeming and undifferentiated flock. That&#8217;s why we can play vampires or werewolves, but we always play together against zombies. Zombie games like Zombicide, Dead of Winter, Zombie 15 are almost always cooperative, but they are also bloody violent. Zombies make me a bit uneasy, though I see the irony ; I can imagine the reaction of the most serious sectarians of political correctness, not always good at spotting and understanding it. It would be interesting to know who, among the zombie game designers, started with a zombie theme and logically ended with cooperative systems, and who wanted to design a cooperative game and looked for a consistent but not too soppy and mawkish setting. <\/em><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5443\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2016\/02\/21\/tous-collabos-collaborators\/zombicide\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/zombicide.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,499\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"zombicide\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/zombicide-300x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/zombicide.jpg\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5443\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/zombicide.jpg\" alt=\"zombicide\" width=\"260\" height=\"259\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/zombicide.jpg 500w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/zombicide-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/zombicide-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/zombicide-301x300.jpg 301w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 260px) 100vw, 260px\" \/>\u00a0<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5452\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2016\/02\/21\/tous-collabos-collaborators\/pic2138386_md\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/pic2138386_md.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,499\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Zombie 15\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/pic2138386_md-300x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/pic2138386_md.jpg\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5452\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/pic2138386_md-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"Zombie 15\" width=\"260\" height=\"259\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/pic2138386_md-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/pic2138386_md-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/pic2138386_md-301x300.jpg 301w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/pic2138386_md.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 260px) 100vw, 260px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Nice and grizzled<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>One can nevertheless be perfectly politically correct without indulging into soppiness. I have played, or I would play, to the following games with really great pleasure.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>In Pandemic, players are scientists whose white scrubs cover all the possible colors, and who collaborate to contain and then eradicate lethal viruses which could wipe out the human race. The game is played on a world map which looks a bit like Risk and other old style war games, and feels a bit like a succession of battles lost and won against bacilluses and viruses.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5433\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2016\/02\/21\/tous-collabos-collaborators\/pic2452831_md\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/pic2452831_md.png\" data-orig-size=\"500,364\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Pandemic\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/pic2452831_md-300x218.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/pic2452831_md.png\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5433 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/pic2452831_md-300x218.png\" alt=\"pic2452831_md\" width=\"300\" height=\"218\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/pic2452831_md-300x218.png 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/pic2452831_md-412x300.png 412w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/pic2452831_md.png 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><br \/>\n<em>The Grizzled was designed the other way. The setting is war, but war as seen from the bottom, not from the top. The players are not military staff and chiefs maneuvering anonymous troops on a map, they are Charles Sauli\u00e8re or Anselme Perrin, rank and file infantrymen in the French army during WW1. Their only goal is to get out of this together and alive. The Grizzled are more than a cooperative game, they are the first antimilitarist boardgame &#8211; or at least the first good one designed by someone with a real gaming culture -, a sad and moving game. Freedom, the underground railway, which I&#8217;ve not played, might feel a bit like this for US gamers.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"4017\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2015\/01\/11\/les-poilus\/image-3\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/image.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1555,1550\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Poilus\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/image-300x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/image-1024x1021.jpg\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-4017 \" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/image-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"Poilus\" width=\"245\" height=\"245\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/image-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/image-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/image-1024x1021.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/image-301x300.jpg 301w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/image.jpg 1555w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 245px) 100vw, 245px\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5458\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2016\/02\/21\/tous-collabos-collaborators\/freedom\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/freedom.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,363\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"freedom\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/freedom-300x218.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/freedom.jpg\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-5458\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/freedom-300x218.jpg\" alt=\"freedom\" width=\"300\" height=\"218\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/freedom-300x218.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/freedom-413x300.jpg 413w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/freedom.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><br \/>\n<em><span style=\"color: #808080;\">Freedom, the Underground Railway, is another cooperative game which is highly politically correct and definitely not soppy.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>The Robinson Crusoe setting &#8211; and Robinson is more than one in the game &#8211; allows for a quixotic but also very thematic and enthralling adventure story. In Kr\u00e9o, soon to be published in the same series as the Grizzled, players collaborate in a very constructive way to build a world of peace, harmony, flowers and cute little birds. Well, the rules say they are titans revolting against their father Chronos, and therefore not really nice guys, but they don&#8217;t really insist on it.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5464\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2016\/02\/21\/tous-collabos-collaborators\/robinson-crusoe-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/robinson-crusoe-1.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,336\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"robinson crusoe\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/robinson-crusoe-1-300x202.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/robinson-crusoe-1.jpg\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5464 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/robinson-crusoe-1-300x202.jpg\" alt=\"robinson crusoe\" width=\"300\" height=\"202\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/robinson-crusoe-1-300x202.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/robinson-crusoe-1-446x300.jpg 446w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/robinson-crusoe-1.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5465\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2016\/02\/21\/tous-collabos-collaborators\/kreo-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/kreo-1.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"541,474\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"kreo\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/kreo-1-300x263.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/kreo-1.jpg\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5465\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/kreo-1-300x263.jpg\" alt=\"kreo\" width=\"256\" height=\"226\" \/><br \/>\n<em><span style=\"color: #808080;\">Building one&#8217;s world.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>A political meaning and a socially positive setting are not required in a good game, no more than in a good novel. It can have them, but only if it doesn&#8217;t sink into didacticism and sloppiness. I&#8217;ve been in the gaming business for thirty years, and I&#8217;ve seen dozens of ambitious games by passionate designers about building a better tomorrow through peace, diversity, waste sorting and sustainable development. They have all been forgotten because they were as exciting as a novel about building a better tomorrow through peace, diversity, waste sorting and sustainable development. Pandemic or The Grizzled are more plucky.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Peaceful competition and multiplayer solitaire<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>Between aggressive confrontational games and positive cooperative games, there is a vast continuum of games with more or less peaceful or trimmed down competition. Best known is probably Settlers of Catan, which significantly was designed and first published in Germany, where games about war are still a very strong taboo. Commercially speaking, Catan was originally a politically correct substitute for Risk aimed at German families.<\/em><br \/>\n<em>This means we should make a distinction between competitive games, depending on whether each player plays mostly against opponents or for himself. We would therefore have three categories, from the coolest to the nastiest one, cooperative games in which all players play together, peaceful competitive games in which each player plays for himself, confrontational games in which players play against one another. To put it otherwise, the other players can be partners, competitors or opponents.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5445\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2016\/02\/21\/tous-collabos-collaborators\/catan-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Catan.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,497\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Catan\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Catan-300x298.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Catan.jpg\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5445\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Catan-300x298.jpg\" alt=\"Catan\" width=\"275\" height=\"273\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Catan-300x298.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Catan-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Catan-302x300.jpg 302w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Catan.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 275px) 100vw, 275px\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5446\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2016\/02\/21\/tous-collabos-collaborators\/agricola-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Agricola.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"721,1024\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Agricola\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Agricola-211x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Agricola-721x1024.jpg\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-5446\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Agricola-211x300.jpg\" alt=\"Agricola\" width=\"211\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Agricola-211x300.jpg 211w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Agricola.jpg 721w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 211px) 100vw, 211px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em>Peaceful competitive games, be they racing games, development games like Settlers of Catan or Ticket to Ride, engine building games like Puerto Rico in which every player plays on his small board, can be very competitive, and feel probably more like contemporary capitalism than games of outward conflict. Their non violent look and feel makes them an intermediate category, both logically and chronologically, between confrontation and cooperation. Unfortunately, a more peaceful competition also means fewer interaction between players, the extreme being the games sometimes mocked as &#8220;multiplayer solitaire&#8221;, which lack some of the social aspect which is one of the edges of boardgames over videogames. Cooperation and confrontation are two different means to generate interaction between the players. There are degrees, however, and the charm and efficiency of great games like Settlers of Catan, Ave Caesar or Ticket to Ride comes from the fact that there are more than occasional opportunities to hinder or even block opponents &#8211; not that nice, isn&#8217;t it.\u00a0 <\/em><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5453\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2016\/02\/21\/tous-collabos-collaborators\/interaction2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/interaction2.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"814,535\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"interaction\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/interaction2-300x197.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/interaction2.jpg\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5453\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/interaction2.jpg\" alt=\"interaction2\" width=\"584\" height=\"384\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/interaction2.jpg 814w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/interaction2-300x197.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/interaction2-768x505.jpg 768w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/interaction2-456x300.jpg 456w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em>I wonder if the popularity of competitive games with no direct confrontation, in which each player plays for his own sake, and sometimes on his own small board, is not a lighter and less conscious version of the same assumption which is behind the success of cooperative games \u2013 the idea that we would be less nasty, and therefore cooler and more modern, if we play less nasty games. It\u2019s wrong for a simple and obvious reason, that the very nature of games is to be disconnected from reality, and the only measurable effect of this trend is that players have less fun playing. It&#8217;s true of boardgames, and in a way it&#8217;s also true of sex.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5450\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2016\/02\/21\/tous-collabos-collaborators\/deception\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Deception.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Deception\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Deception-300x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Deception.jpg\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-5450\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Deception-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"Deception\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Deception-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Deception-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Deception.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><br \/>\n<em><span style=\"color: #808080;\">Mysterium with a traitor&#8230;<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Systematically opposing competitive and cooperative games is an error, as can be seen from the growing number of various hybrid, such as werewolves or Deception &#8211; Murder in Hing Kong, a recent favorite of mine. Cooperative games are blowing some fresh air to the small world of boardgaming, but they don&#8217;t make instantly obsolete all that was made before. They brought new game systems, new settings, and already several masterworks like Forbidden Desert, Pandemic, The Grizzled and, most of all, Mysterium, but they can be enjoyed and promoted without scorning the prospective fascists and delinquents who still play competitive games. They provide a new and different gaming experience, which is great, not a morally superior one.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><span style=\"color: #800000;\">Post Scriptum for US readers : while my French and European readers see perfectly well where I&#8217;m going with this article, the main reaction by US readers seems to be puzzlement. I don&#8217;t feel like in a foreign country when I&#8217;m in the US or in Canada, and I used to think that the whole western world was one large cultural area with no real differences, but I discover day after day that the devil is in the details, and differences are much bigger than what I thought. We use to think in Europe that americans are pretty good at the kind of political correctness which ridicules and therefore harms the very cause it is supposed to defend. It seems I&#8217;ve hit a point where we, in Europe, are much better, and there&#8217;s not in America the kind of cooperative games enthusiasts I&#8217;m mocking in this paper. If it means there are fewer pacifist, non violent, green, antiracist, post-hippie, liberal middle class people over there, that&#8217;s too bad because we need them and they are overall nice people. If it means your kind\u00a0are\u00a0smarter than the European brand and have subtler views on games and cooperation, it&#8217;s all the best for you. And by bthe way, here&#8217;s <a href=\"https:\/\/medium.com\/@UptheCypherPunx\/why-this-radical-leftist-is-disillusioned-by-leftist-culture-63419aa85a58#.3n7oggbpm\" target=\"_blank\">a link to a blogpost<\/a> by an american girl who, I think, expresses the same kind of frustration with leftist culture that I do.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>William: &#8220;I&#8217;m sure we can all pull together, sir.&#8221; Vetinari: &#8220;Oh, I do hope not. Pulling together is the aim of despotism and tyranny. Free men pull in all kinds of directions.\u201d \u2015 Terry Pratchett, The Truth Coop\u00e9rer ou collaborer &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2016\/02\/21\/tous-collabos-collaborators\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":true,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[123,27],"tags":[254],"class_list":["post-5428","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-creation-ludique-game-design","category-le-monde-du-jeu-game-trends-and-styles","tag-politics"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p2HNOP-1py","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5428","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5428"}],"version-history":[{"count":25,"href":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5428\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6677,"href":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5428\/revisions\/6677"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5428"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5428"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5428"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}