{"id":3780,"date":"2017-06-02T15:18:49","date_gmt":"2017-06-02T15:18:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/?p=3780"},"modified":"2021-10-25T20:53:17","modified_gmt":"2021-10-25T20:53:17","slug":"postcolonial-catan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/","title":{"rendered":"D\u00e9coloniser Catan  <br> <a href=\"http:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/?p=3780#english\"><i>Postcolonial Catan<\/i><\/a>"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/explorateur.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"960\" data-attachment-id=\"8278\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/explorateur\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/explorateur.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"640,960\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Explorateur\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/explorateur-200x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/explorateur.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/explorateur.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8278\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/explorateur.jpg 640w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/explorateur-100x150.jpg 100w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/explorateur-200x300.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"color: #003300;\">Ceci est une version plus longue et plus d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e de l&#8217;article un peu moqueur que j&#8217;avais publi\u00e9 \u00e0 l&#8217;automne 2014, et qui reste le plus consult\u00e9 de ce blog. Comme d&#8217;habitude, le texte anglais est plus bas, mais c&#8217;est ici beaucoup plus bas. <a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"http:\/\/board-gamification.blogspot.fr\/2017\/07\/blog-post_9.html\" target=\"_blank\">Une traduction chinoise par Liu A-Yue peut aussi \u00eatre lue ici.<\/a><\/span><br>Si vous voyez des images de jeux tr\u00e8s r\u00e9cents, ne vous \u00e9tonnez pas. Je n&#8217;ai pas touch\u00e9 au texte depuis 2017, mais j&#8217;ai parfois ajout\u00e9 des illustrations.<span style=\"color: #003300;\"><br><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><em>Mieux vaut d\u00e9couvrir une v\u00e9rit\u00e9 que conqu\u00e9rir un royaume en Perse.<br><\/em>D\u00e9mocrite<\/span><br><br><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><em>Le Japon tout entier n\u2019est qu\u2019une pure invention.<br><\/em>Oscar Wilde, Le D\u00e9clin du mensonge, 1899<\/span><br><br><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><em>On pourrait consid\u00e9rer le pass\u00e9 comme un pays d\u2019o\u00f9 nous avons tous \u00e9migr\u00e9.<br><\/em>Salman Rushdie, G\u00e9ographies imaginaires, 1991<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Je ne suis pas un universitaire, m\u00eame si j\u2019ai un temps envisag\u00e9 de le devenir, et ai, il y a vingt ans, r\u00e9dig\u00e9 une th\u00e8se d\u2019histoire sur le d\u00e9bat sur la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 de la licorne de la fin du Moyen-\u00c2ge au XIX\u00e8me si\u00e8cle. J\u2019ai ensuite abandonn\u00e9 la recherche historique pour revenir \u00e0 une activit\u00e9 plus s\u00e9rieuse, la cr\u00e9ation de jeux de soci\u00e9t\u00e9. C\u2019est un peu par hasard que, en 2012 ou 2013, j\u2019ai lu les deux essais les plus connus d\u2019Edward Sa\u00efd, <em>Orientalisme<\/em> et <em>Culture et Imp\u00e9rialisme<\/em>, des textes d\u00e9j\u00e0 anciens et clairement dat\u00e9s. J\u2019ai \u00e9t\u00e9 instantan\u00e9ment frapp\u00e9 par la mani\u00e8re dont Sa\u00efd d\u00e9finissait l\u2019orientalisme, car je connaissais d\u00e9j\u00e0 cet animal, pour l\u2019avoir crois\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises. Dans les vrais et faux r\u00e9cits de la fin du Moyen-\u00c2ge et de la Renaissance \u2013 Ludovico Barthema a vu deux licornes \u00e0 La Mecque en 1503 \u2013 j\u2019avais assist\u00e9 aux d\u00e9buts de la fascination de l\u2019Occident moderne pour l\u2019Orient. Plus tard, dans des jeux comme <em>Silk Road<\/em> ou <em>Isla Dorada<\/em>, j\u2019avais fait un usage abondant de bons vieux clich\u00e9s orientalistes un peu vieillots. L\u2019orientalisme \u00e9tait comme le lien manquant entre mes deux exp\u00e9riences.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Postcolonial Catan 1, 2, 3<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La premi\u00e8re version de ce qui allait devenir cet essai fut une conf\u00e9rence largement improvis\u00e9e, en 2014, \u00e0 la GenCon, la plus grande convention de jeux de soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qui se tient chaque \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e0 Indianapolis. Le paradigme orientaliste d\u2019Edward Sa\u00efd y \u00e9tais plaqu\u00e9 sans douceur, mutatis pas vraiment mutandis, sur les jeux de soci\u00e9t\u00e9 modernes, ceux que l\u2019on appelle parfois les \u00ab&nbsp;eurogames&nbsp;\u00bb. C\u2019\u00e9tait amusant et superficiel, et plus un canular un peu \u00e9rudit qu\u2019une v\u00e9ritable r\u00e9flexion. C\u2019\u00e9tait d\u2019autant plus ludique que, si les romanciers consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme postcoloniaux, comme Salman Rushdie, Kiran Desai, Hanif Kureishi, Junot Diaz ou Naguib Mahfouz, font r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement appel \u00e0 l\u2019humour et \u00e0 l\u2019ironie, ces derniers sont consid\u00e9r\u00e9s avec \u00e9norm\u00e9ment de m\u00e9fiance par les th\u00e9oriciens postcoloniaux \u00e0 l\u2019am\u00e9ricaine. On cherchera en vain la moindre trace d\u2019humour dans les textes de Sa\u00efd, et c\u2019est peut-\u00eatre ce qui m\u00e9thodologiquement le s\u00e9pare vraiment de son mentor Michel Foucault.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Improvisant \u00e0 partir d\u2019une page de notes, je m\u2019\u00e9tais beaucoup amus\u00e9. De retour vers l\u2019Europe, j\u2019ai regrett\u00e9 que cela n\u2019ait pas \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9. J\u2019ai donc tent\u00e9, apr\u00e8s-coup, de mettre sur le papier mes r\u00e9flexions, en enlevant les vannes les plus discutables et en ajoutant quelques id\u00e9es qui me sont venues \u00e0 l\u2019esprit \u00e0 la suite des discussions qui avaient suivi la conf\u00e9rence. Bien s\u00fbr, le th\u00e8me \u00ab&nbsp;<em>postcolonial Catan<\/em>&nbsp;\u00bb \u00e9tait une blague, mais cela n\u2019entra\u00eene pas que toutes les remarques sur ce sujet rel\u00e8vent du canular. Les textes de Sa\u00efd \u00e9tant moins lus en France qu\u2019aux \u00c9tats-Unis (ou ils le sont encore moins qu&#8217;au Japon, mais c&#8217;est une autre histoire), il se peut que certaines r\u00e9f\u00e9rences \u00e9chappent aux lecteurs fran\u00e7ais&nbsp;; je les invite alors \u00e0 lire <em>Orientalisme<\/em> (plus facile) et <em>Culture et Imp\u00e9rialisme<\/em> (plus s\u00e9rieux mais, peut-\u00eatre, plus dat\u00e9).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>J\u2019ai donc publi\u00e9 une premi\u00e8re version de cet article sur mon site web, o\u00f9 elle a provoqu\u00e9 d\u2019intenses r\u00e9actions dans le tout petit monde du jeu de soci\u00e9t\u00e9. J\u2019ai \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 tout \u00e0 la fois de vouloir imposer des normes de \u00ab&nbsp;politiquement correct&nbsp;\u00bb \u00e0 la cr\u00e9ation et \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9dition ludique, ce qui n\u2019avait bien s\u00fbr jamais \u00e9t\u00e9 mon intention, et de me refuser l\u00e2chement \u00e0 condamner clairement l\u2019utilisation de th\u00e8mes exotiques dans les jeux, ce qui \u00e9tait un choix d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9 mais pas, je pense, l\u00e2che. Depuis, cet article, une version plus br\u00e8ve de celui qui suit, est de tr\u00e8s loin le plus visit\u00e9 de mon site web. La pol\u00e9mique a repris un an plus tard, lorsqu\u2019ont \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9es les premi\u00e8res images de mon jeu <em>Waka-Tanka<\/em>. J\u2019ai alors \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9, parfois violemment, de pratiquer un double langage, critiquant l\u2019exotisme d\u2019un c\u00f4t\u00e9 et le pratiquant d\u2019un autre. C\u2019est aussi \u00e0 ce moment que j\u2019ai \u00e9t\u00e9 contact\u00e9 par Aaron Trammell qui m\u2019a demand\u00e9 si je serais pr\u00eat \u00e0 retravailler ce qui n\u2019\u00e9tait qu\u2019un bref post de blog pour en faire un essai un peu plus consistant. Cela m\u2019a sembl\u00e9 une bonne occasion de lire quelques livres, de clarifier quelques points, et de d\u00e9velopper quelques id\u00e9es qui m\u2019\u00e9taient venues depuis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dans le milieu tr\u00e8s calme et mesur\u00e9 des jeux de soci\u00e9t\u00e9, la virulence des r\u00e9actions \u00e0 mon post proposant de d\u00e9coloniser Catan a de quoi surprendre. Elle est peut-\u00eatre li\u00e9e \u00e0 la mondialisation assez tardive de la cr\u00e9ation et de l\u2019\u00e9dition ludique, mondialisation qui a ceci d\u2019original de se faire au moins autant depuis l\u2019Europe que depuis les Etats-Unis. Il y a vingt ans de cela, les jeux de soci\u00e9t\u00e9 modernes \u00e9taient assez largement une sp\u00e9cialit\u00e9 allemande. Les r\u00e9f\u00e9rences culturelles y sont encore aujourd\u2019hui tr\u00e8s largement europ\u00e9ennes, alors m\u00eame que les joueurs sont de plus en plus nombreux dans le monde entier. C\u2019est aussi en cela que les \u00ab&nbsp;eurogames&nbsp;\u00bb sont exotiques pour les joueurs am\u00e9ricains, qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 les plus nombreux \u00e0 r\u00e9agir \u00e0 mon article. Cela peut donner aux jeux de soci\u00e9t\u00e9, pour le public d\u2019outre-Atlantique, un c\u00f4t\u00e9 un peu romantique ou nostalgique, qui explique en partie leur succ\u00e8s actuel, mais cela explique aussi pourquoi les th\u00e8mes et les images qu\u2019ils v\u00e9hiculent ne sont pas exactement ceux que les am\u00e9ricains, et les joueurs du monde entier, sont habitu\u00e9s \u00e0 voir dans les autres m\u00e9dias occidentaux.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Colons et indig\u00e8nes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image001.png\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-5653\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"765\" data-attachment-id=\"5653\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image001\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image001.png\" data-orig-size=\"1028,768\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Catan\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image001-300x224.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image001-1024x765.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image001-1024x765.png\" alt=\"image001\" class=\"wp-image-5653\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image001-1024x765.png 1024w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image001-150x112.png 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image001-300x224.png 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image001-402x300.png 402w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image001.png 1028w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><\/strong>L\u2019histoire commence il y a vingt ans, lorsque j\u2019ai, pour la premi\u00e8re fois, jou\u00e9 aux <em>Colons de Catan.<\/em> D\u00e8s l\u2019explication des r\u00e8gles, l\u2019une des premi\u00e8res remarques amus\u00e9es d\u2019un joueur fut \u00ab&nbsp; mais o\u00f9 sont les indig\u00e8nes?&nbsp;\u00bb. Peut-\u00eatre cette question se pose-t-elle plus naturellement au joueur fran\u00e7ais parce que le jeu s\u2019appelle \u00ab&nbsp;les Colons de Catane&nbsp;\u00bb. La langue fran\u00e7aise n\u2019a en effet qu\u2019un seul terme, Colon, l\u00e0 ou l\u2019anglais et l\u2019allemand en ont deux, Settler \/ Siedler et Colonist \/ Kolonist, aux sens tr\u00e8s diff\u00e9rents. Le settler arrive, pose son sac \u00e0 dos, sort sa hache et part abattre des arbres et chasser l\u2019ours pour construire sa cabane, tandis que le colonist d\u00e9barque, fait porter sa malle, et s\u2019installe tranquillement dans sa villa, entour\u00e9 de domestiques, voire d\u2019esclaves. &#8220;<em>Die Siedler von Catan<\/em>&#8220;, ce n\u2019est pas la m\u00eame chose que &#8220;<em>Die Kolonisten von Catan<\/em>&#8220;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image003-1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"447\" height=\"447\" data-attachment-id=\"5656\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image003-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image003-1.png\" data-orig-size=\"447,447\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Catan\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image003-1-300x300.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image003-1.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image003-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5656\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image003-1.png 447w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image003-1-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image003-1-300x300.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 447px) 100vw, 447px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><em>Les Colons de Catane, r\u00e9cemment rebaptis\u00e9s Catane, un titre plus politiquement correct. <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image005.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"551\" height=\"550\" data-attachment-id=\"5655\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image005\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image005.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"551,550\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Catan\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image005-300x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image005.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image005.jpg\" alt=\"image 003\" class=\"wp-image-5655\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image005.jpg 551w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image005-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image005-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image005-301x300.jpg 301w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 551px) 100vw, 551px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><em>Les routes et colonies de bois, \u00e0 l\u2019aspect abstrait et g\u00e9n\u00e9rique, ont aussi \u00e9t\u00e9 remplac\u00e9s par des pions de plastique \u00e0 l\u2019aspect m\u00e9di\u00e9val europ\u00e9en.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><em><span style=\"color:#666\" class=\"tadv-color\"><\/span><\/em>Quoi qu\u2019il en soit, il n\u2019y a pas d\u2019indig\u00e8nes sur <em>Catan<\/em>, \u00e0 l\u2019exception peut-\u00eatre d\u2019un bandit noir et solitaire dont on ne peut pas vraiment dire qu\u2019il r\u00e9siste \u00e0 l\u2019envahisseur, puisqu\u2019il est recrut\u00e9 tour \u00e0 tour par les diff\u00e9rents joueurs. Ma premi\u00e8re id\u00e9e d\u2019extension fut d\u2019ajouter une nouvelle ressource, des champignons permettant de lancer des sorts &#8211; c\u2019est aussi l\u2019\u00e9poque o\u00f9 je d\u00e9couvrais <em>Magic the Gathering<\/em> (et ou j&#8217;aimais les champignons). La deuxi\u00e8me fut de faire jouer la r\u00e9sistance indig\u00e8ne par un joueur. Toutes deux en rest\u00e8rent au stade de vague projet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c0 peu pr\u00e8s \u00e0 la m\u00eame date que les <em>colons de Catan<\/em> et <em>Magic the Gathering<\/em>, en 1993, paraissait le pav\u00e9 postcolonial d\u2019Edward Sa\u00efd, <em>Culture et Imp\u00e9rialisme<\/em>. Je ne l\u2019ai lu qu\u2019une vingtaine d\u2019ann\u00e9es plus tard et ai alors \u00e9t\u00e9 amus\u00e9 par la similarit\u00e9 entre la remarque sur les indig\u00e8nes faite plus haut et ce qu\u2019\u00e9crivait Sa\u00efd des romans du XIX\u00e8me si\u00e8cle, et en particulier de <em>Mansfield Park<\/em>, de Jane Austen, dans lequel l\u2019esclavage et les esclaves, qui ne sont jamais cit\u00e9s, constituent un arri\u00e8re plan indispensable au r\u00e9cit. Bien s\u00fbr, les temps ont chang\u00e9. Les puissances europ\u00e9ennes n\u2019ont plus de colonies, et l\u2019Allemagne, d&#8217;o\u00f9 nous viennent les jeux de soci\u00e9t\u00e9 modernes, n\u2019en eut jamais beaucoup. Mais quand m\u00eame, il y a peut-\u00eatre quelque chose\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La question va bien au-del\u00e0 de l\u2019euph\u00e9misation politiquement correcte de certaines r\u00e9alit\u00e9s historiques, qui a d\u00e9j\u00e0 souvent \u00e9t\u00e9 moqu\u00e9e ou critiqu\u00e9e. Le probl\u00e8me de <em>Puerto Rico<\/em> n\u2019est d\u2019ailleurs pas qu\u2019il y ait des esclaves, le probl\u00e8me est qu\u2019ils sont appel\u00e9s colons. De m\u00eame, le probl\u00e8me de <em>Saint Petersbourg<\/em> est que ce qui fut sans doute l\u2019un des pires \u00e9pisodes de travail forc\u00e9 dans l\u2019histoire europ\u00e9enne y est trait\u00e9 comme une comp\u00e9tition bon enfant de joyeux artisans. Il n\u2019en va pas diff\u00e9remment des univers imaginaires, et c\u2019est pourquoi je n\u2019\u00e9tais nullement g\u00ean\u00e9 par la pr\u00e9sence d\u2019esclaves dans <em>Five Tribes<\/em>, mais je le suis par leur remplacement par des fakirs. Il y a \u00e0 cela une certaine coh\u00e9rence &#8211; on ne peut pas se plaindre \u00e0 la fois de l\u2019absence d\u2019indig\u00e8nes dans <em>Catan<\/em> et de la pr\u00e9sence d\u2019esclaves dans <em>Five Tribes<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Partir de rien<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Le probl\u00e8me est diff\u00e9rent avec Catan. L\u2019action ne se d\u00e9roule pas en un temps ou en un lieu pr\u00e9cis, et le nom Catan a sans doute \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi pour son aspect neutre, pas trop exotique. Catane est en Sicile, donc vers le sud, mais trop loin vers le sud. Les graphismes sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment tr\u00e8s europ\u00e9ens &#8211; on \u00e9l\u00e8ve des moutons, pas des lamas, des bisons ou des antilopes. La colonisation de Catan, c\u2019est une colonisation de r\u00eave, celle d\u2019un nouveau monde vide de toute pr\u00e9sence humaine et qui ressemble avec insistance \u00e0 l\u2019ancien. Nous savons tous que cela ne s\u2019est jamais pass\u00e9 ainsi, que c\u2019\u00e9tait toujours diff\u00e9rent et plus ou moins grouillant d\u2019indig\u00e8nes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image007.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"828\" height=\"670\" data-attachment-id=\"5657\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image007\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image007.png\" data-orig-size=\"828,670\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Catan\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image007-300x243.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image007.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image007.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5657\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image007.png 828w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image007-150x121.png 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image007-300x243.png 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image007-371x300.png 371w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 828px) 100vw, 828px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><em>Un nouveau monde qui ressemble \u00e9tonnamment \u00e0 l\u2019ancien.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image009.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"405\" data-attachment-id=\"5658\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image009\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image009.png\" data-orig-size=\"500,405\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Catan\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image009-300x243.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image009.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image009.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5658\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image009.png 500w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image009-150x122.png 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image009-300x243.png 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image009-370x300.png 370w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><em> <\/em>Bien s\u00fbr on peut expliquer cela, sans avoir recours \u00e0 des fantasmes ou complexes occidentaux, par les simples n\u00e9cessit\u00e9s techniques du jeu. Dans la plupart des jeux de d\u00e9veloppement, les joueurs partent de rien, ou de pas grand-chose &#8211; deux comptoirs et deux routes dans Catan &#8211; et progressivement mettent en place une structure, un appareil de production qui va se retrouver en concurrence avec les appareils adverses. Ce qui s\u00e9duit dans ces jeux, et qui \u00e9tait relativement nouveau \u00e0 la parution des <em>Colons de Catan<\/em>, c\u2019est que les joueurs se font concurrence, rivalisent dans la construction de leurs structures, mais ne s\u2019affrontent pas directement, ne se font pas la guerre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image011.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"480\" height=\"480\" data-attachment-id=\"5659\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image011\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image011.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"480,480\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Archipelago\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image011-300x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image011.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image011.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5659\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image011.jpg 480w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image011-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image011-300x300.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><em>Avec Archipelago, Christophe Boelinger a tent\u00e9 de concevoir un jeu de colonisation et de d\u00e9veloppement dans lequel les relations avec les indig\u00e8nes sont un \u00e9l\u00e9ment d\u00e9terminant des strat\u00e9gies des joueurs. Les joueurs, cependant, repr\u00e9sentent toujours les puissances europ\u00e9ennes rivales, et la volont\u00e9 d&#8217;\u00e9chapper \u00e0 la caricature est sans doute l&#8217;une des raisons de l&#8217;extr\u00eame complexit\u00e9 du jeu.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/pic3615739.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"584\" height=\"584\" data-attachment-id=\"12726\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/pic3615739-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/pic3615739.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"600,600\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"pic3615739\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/pic3615739-300x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/pic3615739-584x584.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/pic3615739-584x584.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12726\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/pic3615739-584x584.jpg 584w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/pic3615739-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/pic3615739-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/pic3615739.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><em>Dans Spirit island,&nbsp;de R. Eric Reus, les joueurs sont les esprits de l&#8217;\u00eele qui d\u00e9fendent les indig\u00e8nes contre les envahisseurs. Le renversement de perspective est revendiqu\u00e9, m\u00eame si on peut arguer que les esprits de la nature sont une autre sorte de clich\u00e9.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Le th\u00e8me colonial peut poser probl\u00e8me, mais seulement s\u2019il est trop \u00e9vident. R\u00e9cemment, un ami joueur m\u2019a dit avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 un peu g\u00ean\u00e9 en jouant \u00e0 <em>Endeavor<\/em> (mais il n\u2019a bien s\u00fbr jamais eu la moindre difficult\u00e9 \u00e0 jouer \u00e0 des jeux de guerre, ce qui soul\u00e8ve un autre probl\u00e8me int\u00e9ressant). C\u2019est sans doute pour cette raison que <em>Catan<\/em> porte un nom peu exotique, et que beaucoup d\u2019autres jeux de d\u00e9veloppement \u00ab&nbsp;\u00e0 partir de rien&nbsp;\u00bb ont des th\u00e8mes moins probl\u00e9matiques, comme la pr\u00e9histoire, ou l\u2019espace lointain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Coloniser l&#8217;espace<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dans les jeux&nbsp; d\u2019expansion spatiale, les joueurs sont des peuples extra-terrestres qui s\u2019affrontent dans un univers vide. Dans <em>Ad Astra<\/em>, un jeu en partie inspir\u00e9 de <em>Catan<\/em> que j\u2019ai con\u00e7u avec Serge Laget, il y a bien des artefacts aliens sur quelques plan\u00e8tes, mais ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 laiss\u00e9s l\u00e0 par des civilisations depuis longtemps disparues et oubli\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image013.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"480\" height=\"482\" data-attachment-id=\"5660\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image013\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image013.png\" data-orig-size=\"480,482\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Ad Astra\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image013-300x300.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image013.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image013.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5660\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image013.png 480w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image013-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image013-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image013-299x300.png 299w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><em>Coloniser l&#8217;espace.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image015.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" data-attachment-id=\"5661\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image015\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image015.png\" data-orig-size=\"500,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Star Trek Catan\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image015-300x300.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image015.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image015.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5661\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image015.png 500w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image015-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image015-300x300.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Si l\u2019on veut d\u00e9barquer, b\u00e2tir quelques maisons, faire un peu d\u2019agriculture et d\u00e9velopper son empire colonial, la plan\u00e8te Mars offre aussi un terrain plus politiquement correct, quitte \u00e0 commencer par un peu de terraformation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/first-martians.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" data-attachment-id=\"8508\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/08\/04\/dernieres-tendances-boardgame-fashion-trends\/first-martians\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/first-martians.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"First Martians\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/first-martians-300x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/first-martians.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/first-martians.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8508\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/first-martians.jpg 500w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/first-martians-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/first-martians-300x300.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><em>Et terraformer Mars.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/terraforming-mars.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"584\" height=\"582\" data-attachment-id=\"10174\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2018\/12\/27\/lets-draft\/terraforming-mars-3\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/terraforming-mars.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"602,600\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"terraforming mars\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/terraforming-mars-300x299.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/terraforming-mars-584x582.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/terraforming-mars-584x582.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10174\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/terraforming-mars-584x582.jpg 584w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/terraforming-mars-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/terraforming-mars-300x299.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/terraforming-mars-301x300.jpg 301w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/terraforming-mars.jpg 602w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Dune.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"11140\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/dune\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Dune.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"438,600\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Dune\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Dune-263x360.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Dune-426x584.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Dune-426x584.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-11140\" width=\"216\" height=\"298\"\/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Dune2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"584\" height=\"584\" data-attachment-id=\"11141\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/dune2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Dune2.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"600,600\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Dune2\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Dune2-300x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Dune2-584x584.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Dune2-584x584.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-11141\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Dune2-584x584.jpg 584w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Dune2-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Dune2-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Dune2.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><em>Mais bien s\u00fbr, en charchant un peu, on peut avoir \u00e0 la fois la scince fiction et les clich\u00e9s orientalistes.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Les jeux sur l\u2019\u00e9poque de la r\u00e9volution industrielle sont aussi assez nombreux. Martin Wallace s\u2019est longtemps fait une sp\u00e9cialit\u00e9 de ces grosses machines dans lesquels les joueurs sont des industriels rivaux b\u00e2tissant des usines, ou des barons du rail tissant leurs toiles. On n\u2019y voit gu\u00e8re plus d\u2019ouvriers ou de cheminots que d\u2019indig\u00e8nes dans les jeux de d\u00e9veloppement &#8211; alors pourtant que la classe ouvri\u00e8re est pr\u00e9sente dans le roman industriel anglais du XIX\u00e8me si\u00e8cle. L\u2019univers Steampunk, qui est \u00e0 la r\u00e9volution industrielle ce que l\u2019heroic fantasy est au Moyen-\u00c2ge, est aussi de plus en plus pr\u00e9sent dans les jeux &#8211; j\u2019y reviendrai.<br>Une fois encore, on peut trouver assez logique que les auteurs de jeux aient fait appel aux deux moteurs de la croissance du XIX\u00e8me si\u00e8cle, la colonisation et l\u2019industrialisation, pour b\u00e2tir des jeux qui sont des courses pour b\u00e2tir un appareil de production efficace. Je devrais peut-\u00eatre poser Said et relire <em>Industrie et Empire<\/em>, d\u2019Eric Hobsbawn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Bons vieux jeux<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Au del\u00e0 des raisons techniques, il me semble qu\u2019il y a quand m\u00eame quelque chose sinon de r\u00e9actionnaire, du moins de pass\u00e9iste ou romantique dans les th\u00e8mes privil\u00e9gi\u00e9s encore aujourd\u2019hui par le jeu de soci\u00e9t\u00e9 &#8211; et rien de tel, en comparaison, dans les jeux videos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La forme romanesque a \u00e9t\u00e9 assimil\u00e9e, transform\u00e9e et renvoy\u00e9e vers (ou \u00e0 la gueule de) l\u2019Europe par des \u00e9crivains postcoloniaux comme Salman Rushdie, mais nous attendons toujours un auteur de jeu de soci\u00e9t\u00e9 postcolonial. L\u2019univers du jeu n\u2019est pourtant pas herm\u00e9tique \u00e0 la critique, voire \u00e0 la subversion, comme le montre le succ\u00e8s de <em>Cards Against Humanity<\/em> &#8211; nous avons William Burroughs, pas encore Salman Rushdie. Le jeu de soci\u00e9t\u00e9 reste donc l\u2019une des formes culturelles les plus typiquement, et presque exclusivement, occidentales &#8211; j\u2019expliquerai un peu plus loin comment les petits jeux japonais peuvent entrer dans ce sch\u00e9ma.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Il n\u2019y a pas que les th\u00e8mes des jeux qui soient d\u2019un romantisme vieillot et plein de charme. Le style graphique va avec, comme l\u2019illustrent les boites des <em>Colons de Catan<\/em> et des <em>Aventuriers du Rail<\/em>, sans doute les deux jeux de soci\u00e9t\u00e9 un peu ambitieux les plus marquants de ces vingt derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es. Le jeu est en effet utilis\u00e9 comme anxiolytique dans des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s occidentales moins sures d\u2019elles qu\u2019elles ne l\u2019\u00e9taient il y a quelques dizaines d\u2019ann\u00e9es, ce qui explique plein de choses &#8211; le look et les th\u00e8mes retro, le fait qu\u2019auteurs et joueurs soient majoritairement des hommes vieux et blancs (j\u2019en suis un), le fait que les ventes de jeux soient sinon contracycliques, du moins peu affect\u00e9es par la conjoncture \u00e9conomique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image017.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" data-attachment-id=\"5662\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image017\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image017.png\" data-orig-size=\"500,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Ticket to Ride\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image017-300x300.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image017.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image017.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5662\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image017.png 500w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image017-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image017-300x300.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image021.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"600\" data-attachment-id=\"5664\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image021\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image021.png\" data-orig-size=\"600,600\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Ticket to Ride\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image021-300x300.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image021.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image021.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5664\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image021.png 600w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image021-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image021-300x300.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><em>Remarquez que des pays europ\u00e9ens comme la Suisse, les Pays-Bas ou m\u00eame l\u2019Angleterre subissent aussi un traitement \u00ab&nbsp;exotique&nbsp;\u00bb.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image019.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" data-attachment-id=\"5663\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image019\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image019.png\" data-orig-size=\"500,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Ticket to Ride\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image019-300x300.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image019.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image019.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5663\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image019.png 500w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image019-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image019-300x300.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image023-1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"434\" height=\"434\" data-attachment-id=\"5666\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image023-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image023-1.png\" data-orig-size=\"434,434\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Ticket to Ride\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image023-1-300x300.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image023-1.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image023-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5666\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image023-1.png 434w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image023-1-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image023-1-300x300.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 434px) 100vw, 434px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Il<em> n\u2019y a pas d\u2019Aventuriers du rail \u00c9cosse, Espagne, Russie ou Italie, mais ces derniers lieux peuvent aussi recevoir le m\u00eame traitement.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Le steampunk est aussi une forme particuli\u00e8re d\u2019univers romantique, exotique, r\u00e9tro et relativement inoffensif. Il m\u2019int\u00e9resse ici parce que c\u2019est essentiellement un univers ludique &#8211; et un univers de costumes. Il n\u2019y a pas de musique steampunk, il y a peu de films steampunks, il n\u2019y a presque pas de litt\u00e9rature steampunk (m\u00eame si tout le monde devrait lire <em>\u00c0 Contre Jour<\/em>, de Thomas Pynchon), mais il y a pl\u00e9thore de jeux de soci\u00e9t\u00e9, de jeux de roles et maintenant de GNs steampunks. Le steampunk, ce n\u2019est pas seulement l\u2019esth\u00e9tique victorienne avec un peu plus de bronze brillant et d\u2019acier luisant , c\u2019est aussi un univers rassurant, dans lequel les bonnes vieilles puissances europ\u00e9ennes s\u2019affrontent encore pour le contr\u00f4le du proche cosmos &#8211; et s\u2019il y a des indig\u00e8nes sur Mars, on peut l\u00e0 encore les ignorer, comme Bruno Cathala et moi l\u2019avons fait dans <em>Mission : Plan\u00e8te Rouge<\/em>. Certes, je viens d\u2019ajouter pour la deuxi\u00e8me \u00e9dition une carte d\u00e9couverte \u00ab&nbsp;R\u00e9sistance indig\u00e8ne&nbsp;\u00bb, mais c\u2019est une id\u00e9e qui ne m\u2019est venue qu\u2019en \u00e9crivant cet article.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image025.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"763\" height=\"1024\" data-attachment-id=\"5667\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image025\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image025.png\" data-orig-size=\"763,1024\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Onward to Venus\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image025-224x300.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image025-763x1024.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image025-763x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5667\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image025.png 763w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image025-112x150.png 112w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image025-224x300.png 224w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 763px) 100vw, 763px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image027.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"1000\" data-attachment-id=\"5668\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image027\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image027.png\" data-orig-size=\"1000,1000\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Mission: Red Planet\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Cover&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image027-300x300.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image027.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image027.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5668\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image027.png 1000w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image027-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image027-300x300.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><em>Onward to Venus et Mission : Plan\u00e8te Rouge, Colonialisme spatial steampunk<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Minimalisme<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Il y a quelques ann\u00e9es, j\u2019avais \u00e9crit ici un article sur les jeux de cartes con\u00e7us et publi\u00e9s ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es au Japon, et dont le plus connu est sans doute <em>Love Letter<\/em>, de Seiji Kanai. J\u2019avais intitul\u00e9 mon texte \u00ab&nbsp;minimalisme japonais&nbsp;\u00bb, et j\u2019y sugg\u00e9rai qu\u2019un atavisme local pouvait expliquer la remarquable \u00e9conomie de moyens dont faisaient preuve les auteurs japonais, tant dans les r\u00e8gles des jeux que dans leur mat\u00e9riel. Je risquai m\u00eame quelques r\u00e9f\u00e9rences litt\u00e9raires &#8211; Soseki, Kawabata &#8211; et des allusions \u00e0 des domaines que je ne connais gu\u00e8re, cuisine et jardins zen. Il s\u2019en est sans doute fallu de peu que je parle aussi de bonsais et de haikus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image029.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"424\" data-attachment-id=\"5669\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image029\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image029.png\" data-orig-size=\"600,424\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Love Letter\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image029-300x212.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image029.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image029.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5669\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image029.png 600w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image029-150x106.png 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image029-300x212.png 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image029-425x300.png 425w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image031.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5670\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image031\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image031.png\" data-orig-size=\"392,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Eat me if you can\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image031-235x300.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image031.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image031.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5670\" width=\"207\" height=\"270\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Les quelques lecteurs japonais de mon blog ont \u00e9t\u00e9 sinon choqu\u00e9s, du moins amus\u00e9s. Il me fut r\u00e9pondu que le minimalisme japonais n\u2019existe pas, ou du moins n\u2019est pas une caract\u00e9ristique originelle de la culture nippone mais une invention de l\u2019occident ayant pour fonction de l\u2019objectiver, soit tr\u00e8s exactement ce qu\u2019Edward Sa\u00efd appelle orientalisme dans son livre \u00e9ponyme, m\u00eame s\u2019il ne parle jamais du Japon (pour des raisons qui m\u00e9riteraient de longs d\u00e9veloppements, et&nbsp; qui expliquent sans doute aussi que ses textes soient extr\u00eamement populaires au Japon). La remarque \u00e9tait fort bien vue, et peut \u00eatre confirm\u00e9e en tapant \u00ab japanese minimalism \u00bb dans Google &#8211; on trouve alors essentiellement des cabinets d\u2019architecte et des magasins de meuble californiens, mais aucun site japonais.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/fake-artist.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"283\" height=\"500\" data-attachment-id=\"8156\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/09\/11\/quelques-decouvertes-recentes-some-recent-discoveries\/fake-artist-5\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/fake-artist.png\" data-orig-size=\"283,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"fake artist\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/fake-artist-170x300.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/fake-artist.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/fake-artist.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8156\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/fake-artist.png 283w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/fake-artist-85x150.png 85w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/fake-artist-170x300.png 170w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 283px) 100vw, 283px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Trois jeux de Jun Sasaki chez Oink Games.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/startups.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"285\" height=\"500\" data-attachment-id=\"8157\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/startups\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/startups.png\" data-orig-size=\"285,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"startups\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/startups-171x300.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/startups.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/startups.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8157\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/startups.png 285w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/startups-86x150.png 86w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/startups-171x300.png 171w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 285px) 100vw, 285px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Je ne sais pas si le look minimaliste \u00e9tait destin\u00e9 \u00e0 faire vendre en occident<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/deep-sea-adventure.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"284\" height=\"500\" data-attachment-id=\"8154\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/deep-sea-adventure-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/deep-sea-adventure.png\" data-orig-size=\"284,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"deep sea adventure\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/deep-sea-adventure-170x300.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/deep-sea-adventure.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/deep-sea-adventure.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8154\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/deep-sea-adventure.png 284w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/deep-sea-adventure-85x150.png 85w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/deep-sea-adventure-170x300.png 170w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 284px) 100vw, 284px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>mais il y r\u00e9ussit tr\u00e8s bien.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>On m\u2019expliqua donc que, si les jeux de cartes japonais \u00e9taient si petits, si l\u00e9gers, si discrets, c\u2019\u00e9tait pour des raisons plus techniques que culturelles, li\u00e9s aux co\u00fbts d\u2019impression \u00e9lev\u00e9s, \u00e0 la taille du march\u00e9, etc\u2026 peut-\u00eatre m\u00eame n\u2019\u00e9tait-ce d\u00fb qu\u2019au hasard de la personnalit\u00e9 des auteurs japonais, encore peu nombreux. Apr\u00e8s Seiji Kanai, Jun Sasaki s&#8217;est aussi fait une sp\u00e9cialit\u00e9 de ces jeux aussi minimalistes par leur mat\u00e9riel que par leurs r\u00e8gles, et qui se vendent tr\u00e8s bien par chez nous. Ces auteurs se revendiquent d&#8217;ailleurs des m\u00eames r\u00e9f\u00e9rences que les miennes &#8211; <em>Les Colons de Catan<\/em>, encore eux, <em>Magic the Gathering<\/em>, etc\u2026. et ne pensent donc pas que leurs jeux soient typiquement japonais. Seiji Kanai cite, et j\u2019en suis flatt\u00e9, mon <em>Or Des Dragons<\/em> parmi les jeux qui lui ont donn\u00e9 envie de devenir auteur de jeu, et au dos du plus minimaliste de ces jeux, <em>Eat Me if you Can<\/em> de Jun&#8217;Ichi Sato, est bien \u00e9crit &#8220;eurogame&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Et voila pour l\u2019\u00e9cole japonaise\u2026 Bien s\u00fbr, le fait que tous ces auteurs fassent de petits jeux de cartes et non des jeux de cartes tr\u00e8s japonais n\u2019enl\u00e8ve rien \u00e0 leur talent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La question du minimalisme japonais est n\u00e9anmoins d\u00e9battue. L\u2019une des raisons pour lesquelles je l\u2019ai d&#8217;abord manqu\u00e9e en tapant \u00ab&nbsp;japanese minimalism&nbsp;\u00bb dans Google est que les universitaires pr\u00e9f\u00e8rent parler de r\u00e9ductionisme. L\u2019ouvrage de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence de ceux pour qui il s\u2019agit l\u00e0 d\u2019une r\u00e9elle idiosyncrasie culturelle est <em>Compact Culture<\/em>, par O-Young-Lee &#8211; un cor\u00e9en, histoire d\u2019embrouiller encore un peu le d\u00e9bat. Le livre d\u2019O-Young-Lee ne vient cependant pas du monde occidental. En outre, s\u2019il est un peu trop ancien pour participer \u00e0 la discussion sur le postcolonialisme telle qu\u2019elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 engag\u00e9e par Sa\u00efd, il aborde des probl\u00e8mes similaires. O-Young-Lee ne reproche pas au colonisateur japonais d\u2019avoir objectivis\u00e9 la culture cor\u00e9enne, mais de l\u2019avoir carr\u00e9ment ignor\u00e9e, et d\u2019avoir ensuite transmis cette ignorance \u00e0 l\u2019Occident. \u00c0 l\u2019appui de cette th\u00e8se, on ne peut que remarquer que si les occidentaux ont une image tr\u00e8s orientaliste de la Chine ou du Japon, ils n\u2019ont tout simplement aucune image de la Cor\u00e9e, qui est d\u2019ailleurs tr\u00e8s largement absente des th\u00e8mes de jeux de soci\u00e9t\u00e9. Bref, \u00e7a se complique\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image033.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"399\" height=\"500\" data-attachment-id=\"5671\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image033\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image033.png\" data-orig-size=\"399,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Koryo\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image033-239x300.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image033.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image033.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5671\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image033.png 399w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image033-120x150.png 120w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image033-239x300.png 239w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 399px) 100vw, 399px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><em>Koryo, un jeu de cartes dont l&#8217;auteur est cor\u00e9en, l&#8217;\u00e9diteur fran\u00e7ais et le th\u00e8me tr\u00e8s vaguement steampunk-cor\u00e9en.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image035.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"713\" height=\"1024\" data-attachment-id=\"5672\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image035\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image035.png\" data-orig-size=\"713,1024\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"King&amp;#8217;s Pouch\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image035-209x300.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image035-713x1024.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image035-713x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5672\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image035.png 713w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image035-104x150.png 104w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image035-209x300.png 209w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 713px) 100vw, 713px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><em>Pour vraiment compliquer les choses, King&#8217;s Pouch &#8211; un jeu cor\u00e9en qui donne dans l&#8217;occidentalisme &#8211; ou, plus vraisemblablement, qui essaie tr\u00e8s fort de ressembler \u00e0 un jeu allemand, et r\u00e9ussit assez bien.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Wangdo.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"584\" height=\"581\" data-attachment-id=\"10100\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/wangdo\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Wangdo.png\" data-orig-size=\"603,600\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Wangdo\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Wangdo-300x299.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Wangdo-584x581.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Wangdo-584x581.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10100\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Wangdo-584x581.png 584w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Wangdo-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Wangdo-300x299.png 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Wangdo-302x300.png 302w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Wangdo.png 603w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><em>Wangdo a un auteur suisse, un th\u00e8me chinois, un illustrateur polonais et un \u00e9diteur cor\u00e9en\u2026.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>R\u00eave d\u2019Orient<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/yamatai-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"6966\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/yamatai-1\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/yamatai-1.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"960,717\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;2.4&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;iPad Air&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1430503183&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;3.3&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;400&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.066666666666667&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"yamatai\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/yamatai-1-300x224.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/yamatai-1.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/yamatai-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6966\" width=\"341\" height=\"255\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/yamatai-1.jpg 960w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/yamatai-1-150x112.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/yamatai-1-300x224.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/yamatai-1-402x300.jpg 402w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 341px) 100vw, 341px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><em>Bruno Cathala testant avec l&#8217;\u00e9diteur un jeu de plateau avec des caravanes de chameaux dans l&#8217;Egypte ancienne\u2026<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/yamatai-2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" data-attachment-id=\"6968\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/yamatai-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/yamatai-2.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"yamatai\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/yamatai-2-300x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/yamatai-2.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/yamatai-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6968\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/yamatai-2.jpg 500w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/yamatai-2-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/yamatai-2-300x300.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><em>Deux ans plus tard, le jeu publi\u00e9, dont l&#8217;action se situe dans le royaume de Yamatai, emprunt\u00e9 \u00e0 une l\u00e9gende japonaise.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Dans <em>Orientalisme<\/em>, Edward Said montre comment le discours orientaliste europ\u00e9en, qu\u2019il \u00e9tudie essentiellement \u00e0 travers la litt\u00e9rature du XIX\u00e8me si\u00e8cle mais qui se retrouve dans bien d\u2019autres domaines, cr\u00e9a son propre objet, un Orient fantasm\u00e9 et objectiv\u00e9, qui finit par devenir une partie de l\u2019Orient r\u00e9el. Ceci, bien s\u00fbr, \u00e9tait ins\u00e9parable de l\u2019id\u00e9ologie et du processus coloniaux.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La litt\u00e9rature mondiale est d\u00e9j\u00e0 devenue largement postcoloniale, tout comme la musique (le rap est un rock postcolonial) ou le cin\u00e9ma. Rien de tel n\u2019est advenu dans les jeux de soci\u00e9t\u00e9, qui continuent imperturbablement \u00e0 pr\u00e9senter l\u2019orient exotique des images d\u2019Epinal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image039.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"724\" height=\"724\" data-attachment-id=\"5674\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image039\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image039.png\" data-orig-size=\"724,724\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Five Tribes\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image039-300x300.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image039.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image039.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5674\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image039.png 724w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image039-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image039-300x300.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 724px) 100vw, 724px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/medina2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"366\" data-attachment-id=\"8688\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/09\/17\/le-bon-vieux-temps-du-jeu-a-lallemandefrom-the-good-old-times-of-german-style-eurogames\/medina2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/medina2.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,366\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Medina\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/medina2-300x220.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/medina2.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/medina2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8688\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/medina2.jpg 500w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/medina2-150x110.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/medina2-300x220.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/medina2-410x300.jpg 410w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><em>Quelques jeux r\u00e9cents dans l\u2019univers des mille et une nuits. Remarquez les toits des b\u00e2timents, et les polices de caract\u00e8res.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/arabian-nights.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"731\" data-attachment-id=\"8201\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/arabian-nights\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/arabian-nights.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1000,731\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"arabian nights\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/arabian-nights-300x219.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/arabian-nights.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/arabian-nights.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8201\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/arabian-nights.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/arabian-nights-150x110.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/arabian-nights-300x219.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/arabian-nights-410x300.jpg 410w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image037.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5673\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image037\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image037.png\" data-orig-size=\"644,900\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Istanbul\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image037-215x300.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image037.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image037.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5673\" width=\"239\" height=\"338\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/morocco.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"228\" height=\"317\" data-attachment-id=\"6417\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/morocco\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/morocco.png\" data-orig-size=\"228,317\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Morocco\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/morocco-216x300.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/morocco.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/morocco.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6417\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/morocco.png 228w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/morocco-108x150.png 108w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/morocco-216x300.png 216w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 228px) 100vw, 228px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><em>Ces couvertures accumulent les clich\u00e9s.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image041.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5675\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image041\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image041.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1024,675\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Alhambra\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image041-300x198.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image041-1024x675.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image041-1024x675.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5675\" width=\"323\" height=\"212\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image041.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image041-150x99.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image041-300x198.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image041-455x300.jpg 455w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 323px) 100vw, 323px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><em>Au premier plan, sur les c\u00f4t\u00e9s, une jeune femme sexy et \u00e0 demi voil\u00e9e, et en face, sans doute, un esclave. Au centre, les deux joueurs semblent marchander. Au fond, un l\u00e9opard \u2013 je doute qu\u2019il y en ait eu beaucoup dans l\u2019Espagne m\u00e9di\u00e9vale o\u00f9 la sc\u00e8ne est suppos\u00e9e se d\u00e9rouler.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image043.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"536\" height=\"717\" data-attachment-id=\"5676\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image043\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image043.png\" data-orig-size=\"536,717\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Sultaniya\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image043-224x300.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image043.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image043.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5676\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image043.png 536w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image043-112x150.png 112w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image043-224x300.png 224w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 536px) 100vw, 536px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/Sultaniya.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"551\" height=\"800\" data-attachment-id=\"8158\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/sultaniya-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/Sultaniya.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"551,800\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;4&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;Picasa&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;Canon PowerShot ELPH 300HS&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1404064358&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;7.249&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;160&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.033333333333333&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Sultaniya\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/Sultaniya-207x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/Sultaniya.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/Sultaniya.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8158\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/Sultaniya.jpg 551w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/Sultaniya-103x150.jpg 103w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/Sultaniya-207x300.jpg 207w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 551px) 100vw, 551px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><em>Charles Chevalier pr\u00e9sente son jeu Sultaniya au festival Paris Est Ludique. Il est v\u00eatu exactement comme le personnage sur la couverture d\u2019Istanbul.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em>Il suffit pour s\u2019en convaincre de jeter un bref coup d\u2019\u0153il \u00e0 quelques unes des centaines de boites de jeux au th\u00e8me oriental ou orientalisant publi\u00e9es chaque ann\u00e9e, dont l\u2019illustration de couverture semble sortir tout droit d\u2019une peinture de Gu\u00e9ricault ou, plus souvent, d\u2019une encyclop\u00e9die populaire des ann\u00e9es cinquante. Pour le monde arabe, des chameaux, des dunes de sable, des marchands de soie ou d\u2019\u00e9pice, parfois un djinn. Pour l\u2019Inde, bien s\u00fbr \u00e9ternelle, il suffit en gros de remplacer les chameaux par des \u00e9l\u00e9phants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image045.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"499\" height=\"500\" data-attachment-id=\"5677\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image045\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image045.png\" data-orig-size=\"499,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Camel Up\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Cover&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image045-300x300.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image045.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image045.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5677\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image045.png 499w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image045-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image045-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image045-299x300.png 299w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 499px) 100vw, 499px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><em>Course de chameaux en \u00c9gypte<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image047.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" data-attachment-id=\"5678\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image047\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image047.png\" data-orig-size=\"1024,1024\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Formula E\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Cover&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image047-300x300.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image047.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image047.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5678\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image047.png 1024w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image047-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image047-300x300.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><em>et d&#8217;\u00e9l\u00e9phants en Inde\u2026<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em>Le cas le plus impressionnant est sans doute celui de l\u2019Egypte, pour laquelle il n\u2019existe gu\u00e8re que deux fils narratifs &#8211; b\u00e2tir des pyramides et explorer des pyramides (au fait, <em>Kheops<\/em>, de Serge Laget et moi-m\u00eame, est r\u00e9cemment ressorti). Quant \u00e0 l\u2019Egypte moderne, ou m\u00eame plus g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement l\u2019Orient moderne, il est totalement absent des univers ludiques. Bien s\u00fbr, l\u2019une des raisons pourrait \u00eatre que l\u2019Orient contemporain nous appara\u00eet particuli\u00e8rement complexe \u2013 mais l\u2019Orient compliqu\u00e9, c\u2019est aussi un bon vieux clich\u00e9 orientaliste.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/sobek.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"268\" height=\"500\" data-attachment-id=\"8192\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/sobek\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/sobek.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"268,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"sobek\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/sobek-161x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/sobek.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/sobek.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8192\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/sobek.jpg 268w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/sobek-80x150.jpg 80w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/sobek-161x300.jpg 161w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 268px) 100vw, 268px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/pyramid.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"8200\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/pyramid\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/pyramid.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,477\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"pyramid\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/pyramid-300x286.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/pyramid.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/pyramid.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8200\" width=\"342\" height=\"328\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/pyramid-150x143.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/pyramid-314x300.jpg 314w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 342px) 100vw, 342px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image049.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" data-attachment-id=\"5679\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image049\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image049.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Kheops\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Cover&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image049-300x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image049.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image049.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5679\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image049.jpg 500w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image049-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image049-300x300.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><em>Et encore des jeux o\u00f9 l\u2019on b\u00e2tit ou explore les pyramides d\u2019Egypte.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image051.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"497\" data-attachment-id=\"5680\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image051\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image051.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,497\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Imhotep\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image051-300x298.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image051.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image051.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5680\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image051.jpg 500w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image051-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image051-300x298.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image051-302x300.jpg 302w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><em>Notez le scarab\u00e9e pour le O de Sobek, et les costumes des personnages de Ramses Pyramid.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019Extr\u00eame-Orient est un peu plus historicis\u00e9 &#8211; il y a sept ou trois royaumes rivaux en Chine, il y a des samurais et des daimyos au Japon. Comme les joueurs, tr\u00e8s majoritairement am\u00e9ricains ou europ\u00e9ens, n\u2019ont qu\u2019une vague id\u00e9e des chronologies et du sens de tout cela, on peut assimiler ces mondes \u00e0 des univers fantastiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image053.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" data-attachment-id=\"5681\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image053\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image053.png\" data-orig-size=\"500,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Tokaido\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image053-300x300.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image053.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image053.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5681\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image053.png 500w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image053-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image053-300x300.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/kanagawa.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"256\" height=\"255\" data-attachment-id=\"6418\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/kanagawa\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/kanagawa.png\" data-orig-size=\"256,255\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Kanagawa\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/kanagawa.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/kanagawa.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/kanagawa.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6418\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/kanagawa.png 256w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/kanagawa-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 256px) 100vw, 256px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/senji.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" data-attachment-id=\"8380\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/senji\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/senji.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Senji\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/senji-300x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/senji.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/senji.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8380\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/senji.jpg 500w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/senji-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/senji-300x300.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image055.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"761\" height=\"616\" data-attachment-id=\"5682\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image055\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image055.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"761,616\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Haru Ichiban\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image055-300x243.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image055.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image055.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5682\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image055.jpg 761w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image055-150x121.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image055-300x243.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image055-371x300.jpg 371w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 761px) 100vw, 761px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/shinobi.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"497\" height=\"500\" data-attachment-id=\"3589\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2014\/05\/25\/les-petits-jeux-du-moment-light-games-im-playing\/shinobi\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/shinobi.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"497,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Shinobi Wat-Aah\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/shinobi-298x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/shinobi.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/shinobi.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3589\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/shinobi.jpg 497w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/shinobi-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/shinobi-298x300.jpg 298w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 497px) 100vw, 497px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/yamatai-2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" data-attachment-id=\"6968\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/yamatai-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/yamatai-2.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"yamatai\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/yamatai-2-300x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/yamatai-2.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/yamatai-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6968\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/yamatai-2.jpg 500w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/yamatai-2-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/yamatai-2-300x300.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><em>Tous les auteurs, \u00e9diteurs et illustrateurs sont fran\u00e7ais !<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image057.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5683\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image057\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image057.png\" data-orig-size=\"500,355\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Love Letter\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image057-300x213.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image057.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image057-300x213.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5683\" width=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image057-300x213.png 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image057-150x107.png 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image057-423x300.png 423w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image057.png 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><em>Une mise en abyme de l\u2019orientalisme \u2013 un jeu japonais resitu\u00e9 dans un univers fantastique japonisant pour le march\u00e9 am\u00e9ricain.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/rising-sun.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"584\" height=\"584\" data-attachment-id=\"11137\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/rising-sun-3\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/rising-sun.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"600,600\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"rising sun\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/rising-sun-300x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/rising-sun-584x584.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/rising-sun-584x584.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-11137\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/rising-sun-584x584.jpg 584w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/rising-sun-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/rising-sun-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/rising-sun.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><em>Auteurs et \u00e9diteurs aussi, m\u00eame les plus internationaux et multiculturels comme CMON, n&#8217;en savent souvent gu\u00e8re plus. C&#8217;est ainsi qu&#8217;un fermier n\u00e9o-z\u00e9landais est devenu un personnage d&#8217;un jeu sur la mythologie japonaise.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/kotahi.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"255\" height=\"360\" data-attachment-id=\"11136\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/kotahi\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/kotahi.png\" data-orig-size=\"415,585\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"kotahi\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/kotahi-255x360.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/kotahi-414x584.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/kotahi-255x360.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-11136\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/kotahi-255x360.png 255w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/kotahi-106x150.png 106w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/kotahi-414x584.png 414w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/kotahi-213x300.png 213w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/kotahi.png 415w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 255px) 100vw, 255px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><em>Pour en savoir plus sur la tr\u00e8s amusante &#8220;affaire Kotahi&#8221;, vous pouvez lire <a href=\"https:\/\/gofatherhood.com\/2018\/01\/cultural-appropriation-rising-sun-board-game\/\">cet article<\/a>.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Dans les ann\u00e9es vingt, le jeune Andr\u00e9 Malraux fut arr\u00eat\u00e9 tandis qu\u2019il tentait de faire sortir en contrebande des bas reliefs antiques vol\u00e9s dans un temple khmer. Rapidement sorti de prison, il aida ensuite le mouvement ind\u00e9pendantiste vietnamien avant de prendre part \u00e0 la guerre d\u2019Espagne, puis \u00e0 la r\u00e9sistance pendant la seconde guerre mondiale. Il finit inamovible ministre de la culture du g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de Gaulle. J\u2019aurais aim\u00e9 que mon ami Pier\u00f4 repr\u00e9sente, sur la couverture de Lost temple, le jeune Andr\u00e9 Malraux s\u2019enfuyant avec une statuette khmer cach\u00e9e sous sa gabardine, mais c\u2019est ce qu\u2019il avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 fait pour <em>Bakong<\/em>, un jeu d\u2019Antoine Bauza. Rien de cela ne pose le moindre probl\u00e8me, mais il n\u2019est bien s\u00fbr pas question de repr\u00e9senter Malraux avec son inamovible cigarette.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image059.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"498\" data-attachment-id=\"5684\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image059\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image059.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,498\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Thebes\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image059-300x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image059.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image059.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5684\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image059.jpg 500w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image059-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image059-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image059-301x300.jpg 301w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image061.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"726\" height=\"1024\" data-attachment-id=\"5685\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image061\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image061.png\" data-orig-size=\"726,1024\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Bakong\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image061-213x300.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image061-726x1024.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image061-726x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5685\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image061.png 726w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image061-106x150.png 106w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image061-213x300.png 213w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 726px) 100vw, 726px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><em>Explorer des pyramides, d\u00e9couvrir un temple oubli\u00e9 dans la jungle, ces clich\u00e9s orientalistes ont l\u2019avantage de permettre aussi la repr\u00e9sentation de l\u2019occidental en aventurier ou arch\u00e9ologue, une astuce \u00e9galement tr\u00e8s exploit\u00e9e au cin\u00e9ma.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/incan-gold.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"367\" data-attachment-id=\"2628\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2013\/12\/05\/editeurs-auteurs-et-pour-une-fois-illustrateurs-publishers-designers-and-for-once-illustrators\/incan-gold\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/incan-gold.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,367\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"incan gold\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/incan-gold-300x220.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/incan-gold.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/incan-gold.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2628\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/incan-gold.jpg 500w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/incan-gold-300x220.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/incan-gold-408x300.jpg 408w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image063.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5686\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image063\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image063.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"340,489\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Malraux\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image063-209x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image063.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image063.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5686\" width=\"174\" height=\"261\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/eldorado.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"499\" data-attachment-id=\"8378\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/eldorado\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/eldorado.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,499\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"El Dorado\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/eldorado-300x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/eldorado.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/eldorado.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8378\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/eldorado.jpg 500w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/eldorado-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/eldorado-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/eldorado-301x300.jpg 301w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/06\/3278_95185464883_2195755_n.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"424\" data-attachment-id=\"1829\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/sample-page\/3278_95185464883_2195755_n\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/06\/3278_95185464883_2195755_n.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"600,424\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Pony Express cover\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/06\/3278_95185464883_2195755_n-300x212.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/06\/3278_95185464883_2195755_n.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/06\/3278_95185464883_2195755_n.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1829\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/06\/3278_95185464883_2195755_n.jpg 600w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/06\/3278_95185464883_2195755_n-300x212.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/06\/3278_95185464883_2195755_n-424x300.jpg 424w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/cover.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"960\" height=\"960\" data-attachment-id=\"4728\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2016\/03\/09\/waka-tanka\/cover-4\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/cover.png\" data-orig-size=\"960,960\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Waka Tanka\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/cover-300x300.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/cover.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/cover.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4728\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/cover.png 960w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/cover-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/cover-300x300.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><em>Ces quatre jeux ont une chose en commun\u2026. des auteurs et \u00e9diteurs europ\u00e9ens, pour qui l&#8217;ouest &#8211; am\u00e9ricain &#8211; est aussi exotique que l&#8217;orient.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/adios-amigos.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"6972\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/adios-amigos\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/adios-amigos.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"375,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"adios amigos\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/adios-amigos-225x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/adios-amigos.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/adios-amigos.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6972\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/adios-amigos.jpg 375w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/adios-amigos-113x150.jpg 113w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/adios-amigos-225x300.jpg 225w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 375px) 100vw, 375px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/flick-em-up.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"463\" data-attachment-id=\"8205\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/flick-em-up\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/flick-em-up.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,463\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"flick em up\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/flick-em-up-300x278.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/flick-em-up.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/flick-em-up.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8205\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/flick-em-up.jpg 500w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/flick-em-up-150x139.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/flick-em-up-300x278.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/flick-em-up-324x300.jpg 324w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019exotique n\u2019a cependant pas besoin d\u2019\u00eatre tr\u00e8s loin. Pour les auteurs et \u00e9diteurs de jeux allemands, l\u2019Italie, c\u2019est d\u00e9j\u00e0 presque l\u2019Afrique, et ce qu\u2019il y a de plus exotique en Italie, c\u2019est la cuisine, et tout particuli\u00e8rement les pizzas. L\u2019Espagne peut aussi recevoir un traitement similaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image065.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5687\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image065\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image065.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"388,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Mamma Mia!\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image065-233x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image065.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image065.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5687\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image065.jpg 388w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image065-116x150.jpg 116w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image065-233x300.jpg 233w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 388px) 100vw, 388px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image069.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" data-attachment-id=\"5689\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image069\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image069.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Safranito\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image069-300x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image069.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image069.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5689\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image069.jpg 500w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image069-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image069-300x300.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><em>Safranito est inspir\u00e9 du Carom, un jeu indien, et il \u00e9tait donc logique de situer l\u2019action en Inde, mais comme le th\u00e8me \u00e9tait culinaire, on lui a trouv\u00e9 un nom aux sonorit\u00e9s italiennes. Le r\u00e9sultat est confus et un peu d\u00e9stabilisant.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u2019est sans doute le lieu de parler d\u2019un cas particulier tr\u00e8s int\u00e9ressant. Venise a inspir\u00e9 plus de jeux de soci\u00e9t\u00e9 que toutes les autres villes d\u2019Italie r\u00e9unies, et ce m\u00eame sans compter les Venise plus ou moins fantastiques, <em>Cadwallon<\/em> ou <em>Tempest<\/em>. L\u00e0 encore, on peut trouver une explication \u00e9vidente et technique, les canaux qui permettent de diviser ais\u00e9ment la cit\u00e9 en quartiers, de faire de petites r\u00e8gles sur les ponts, et de distinguer plusieurs modes de d\u00e9placement. Mais il y a peut-\u00eatre plus que cela. La S\u00e9r\u00e9nissime de notre imaginaire, et dans une certaine mesure la Venise de l\u2019histoire, a toujours \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e0 demi-orientale. C\u2019\u00e9tait le dernier port avant l\u2019Orient, celui d\u2019o\u00f9 les navires partaient pour Constantinople, c\u2019est aussi la cit\u00e9 d\u2019Othello et de Shylock. Le r\u00eave v\u00e9nitien est, dans la tradition europ\u00e9enne, une version adoucie, apprivois\u00e9e, acclimat\u00e9e, euph\u00e9mis\u00e9e du r\u00eave oriental.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image071.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"473\" data-attachment-id=\"5690\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image071\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image071.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,473\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Inkognito\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image071-300x284.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image071.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image071.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5690\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image071.jpg 500w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image071-150x142.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image071-300x284.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image071-317x300.jpg 317w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><em>Venise imaginaire et fantastique.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image073.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" data-attachment-id=\"5691\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image073\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image073.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Dominare\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image073-300x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image073.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image073.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5691\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image073.jpg 500w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image073-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image073-300x300.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Et le nord&nbsp;?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image075.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" data-attachment-id=\"5692\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image075\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image075.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Jorvik\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image075-300x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image075.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image075.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5692\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image075.jpg 500w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image075-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image075-300x300.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/vikings.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"368\" data-attachment-id=\"8221\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/vikings-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/vikings.png\" data-orig-size=\"500,368\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"vikings\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/vikings-300x221.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/vikings.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/vikings.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8221\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/vikings.png 500w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/vikings-150x110.png 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/vikings-300x221.png 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/vikings-408x300.png 408w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image077.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5693\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image077\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image077.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"709,1024\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Isle of Skye\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image077-208x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image077-709x1024.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image077-709x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5693\" height=\"350\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image077.jpg 709w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image077-104x150.jpg 104w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image077-208x300.jpg 208w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 709px) 100vw, 709px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/inis.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"584\" height=\"406\" data-attachment-id=\"10175\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2018\/12\/27\/lets-draft\/inis-3\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/inis.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"862,600\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"inis\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/inis-300x209.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/inis-584x406.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/inis-584x406.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10175\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/inis-584x406.jpg 584w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/inis-150x104.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/inis-300x209.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/inis-431x300.jpg 431w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/inis.jpg 862w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>L&#8217;exotisme ne se limite pas \u00e0 l&#8217;orientalisme. Il y a aussi un vieux r\u00eave d\u2019Hyperbor\u00e9e dans la culture occidentale. Le \u00abseptentrionalisme\u00bb est \u00e0 l\u2019\u0153uvre dans les nombreux jeux dont l\u2019action se situe en Scandinavie (avec des drakkars, des vikings et beaucoup d\u2019alcool), en \u00c9cosse (avec des moutons, des cornemuses, des hommes en kilt et du whisky), ou plus rarement dans une Irlande fantasm\u00e9e et f\u00e9\u00e9rique. Sa\u00efd avait d\u2019ailleurs d\u00e9j\u00e0 not\u00e9 que le paradigme orientaliste pouvait, dans une certaine mesure, s\u2019appliquer \u00e0&nbsp; l\u2019Irlande, et l&#8217;historien su\u00e9dois Gunnar Broberg a propos\u00e9 le terme de bor\u00e9alisme pour cet orientalisme du nord.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/costa-ruana.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"10464\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/costa-ruana\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/costa-ruana.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"450,600\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"costa ruana\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/costa-ruana-270x360.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/costa-ruana-438x584.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/costa-ruana-270x360.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10464\" height=\"340\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/costa-ruana-270x360.jpg 270w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/costa-ruana-113x150.jpg 113w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/costa-ruana-438x584.jpg 438w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/costa-ruana-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/costa-ruana.jpg 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 270px) 100vw, 270px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/bagpipes.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"584\" height=\"412\" data-attachment-id=\"10465\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/bagpipes\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/bagpipes.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"850,600\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"bagpipes\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/bagpipes-300x212.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/bagpipes-584x412.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/bagpipes-584x412.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10465\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/bagpipes-584x412.jpg 584w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/bagpipes-150x106.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/bagpipes-300x212.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/bagpipes-425x300.jpg 425w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/bagpipes.jpg 850w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><em>Deux jeux de soci\u00e9t\u00e9 russes, \u00e9galement exotiques. Costa Ruana se situe dans lieu impr\u00e9cis mais ensoleill\u00e9, h\u00e9sitant entre Polyn\u00e9sie, Australie et Am\u00e9rique du Sud. Swords and Bagpipes est clairement en \u00c9cosse, avec des Thanes qui jouent de la Cornemuse et attendent le meilleur moment pour trahir et vendre leurs services au roi d&#8217;Angleterre.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>On est encore plus proche de l\u2019orientalisme classique avec les inuits. Ces derniers sont de moins en moins repr\u00e9sent\u00e9s dans les jeux de soci\u00e9t\u00e9, y compris en Europe o\u00f9 leur image n\u2019a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00ab&nbsp;assimil\u00e9e&nbsp;\u00bb comme celle des indiens des plaines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/break-the-ice-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"639\" data-attachment-id=\"8125\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/break-the-ice-1\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/break-the-ice-1.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"700,639\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"break the ice 1\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/break-the-ice-1-300x274.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/break-the-ice-1.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/break-the-ice-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8125\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/break-the-ice-1.jpg 700w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/break-the-ice-1-150x137.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/break-the-ice-1-300x274.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/break-the-ice-1-329x300.jpg 329w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><em>L\u2019esquimau de cette vieille \u00e9dition du Brise-Glace a \u00e9t\u00e9 remplac\u00e9 par un ours dans les versions plus r\u00e9centes, ou par un pingouin dans cette version hexagonale, bien plus int\u00e9ressante.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/H880ca8fc2d6c42be9a8539c4a3093518X_989dbe36-efb4-4406-b39f-63a35497cd26_large.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"480\" height=\"480\" data-attachment-id=\"12731\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/h880ca8fc2d6c42be9a8539c4a3093518x_989dbe36-efb4-4406-b39f-63a35497cd26_large\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/H880ca8fc2d6c42be9a8539c4a3093518X_989dbe36-efb4-4406-b39f-63a35497cd26_large.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"480,480\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"H880ca8fc2d6c42be9a8539c4a3093518X_989dbe36-efb4-4406-b39f-63a35497cd26_large\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/H880ca8fc2d6c42be9a8539c4a3093518X_989dbe36-efb4-4406-b39f-63a35497cd26_large-300x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/H880ca8fc2d6c42be9a8539c4a3093518X_989dbe36-efb4-4406-b39f-63a35497cd26_large.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/H880ca8fc2d6c42be9a8539c4a3093518X_989dbe36-efb4-4406-b39f-63a35497cd26_large.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12731\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/H880ca8fc2d6c42be9a8539c4a3093518X_989dbe36-efb4-4406-b39f-63a35497cd26_large.jpg 480w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/H880ca8fc2d6c42be9a8539c4a3093518X_989dbe36-efb4-4406-b39f-63a35497cd26_large-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/H880ca8fc2d6c42be9a8539c4a3093518X_989dbe36-efb4-4406-b39f-63a35497cd26_large-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Abstrait et exotique<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u00eame les jeux abstraits ont souvent un th\u00e8me tr\u00e8s exotique &#8211; th\u00e8me qui se limite le plus souvent \u00e0 un nom aux sonorit\u00e9s \u00e9tranges et un style graphique \u00e9vocateur. Quand, vers la fin du XIX\u00e8me si\u00e8cle, un allemand imahgina d\u2019adapter le jeu de halma sur un damier en forme d\u2019\u00e9toile, il baptisa sa cr\u00e9ation \u00ab&nbsp;dames chinoises&nbsp;\u00bb, et elle est encore connue sous ce nom &#8211; y compris, parfois, en Chine&nbsp;!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/tsuro.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"325\" height=\"325\" data-attachment-id=\"6419\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/tsuro\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/tsuro.png\" data-orig-size=\"325,325\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Tsuro\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/tsuro-300x300.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/tsuro.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/tsuro.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6419\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/tsuro.png 325w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/tsuro-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/tsuro-300x300.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 325px) 100vw, 325px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/tao-long-web-mockup.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"927\" data-attachment-id=\"8273\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/tao-long-web-mockup\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/tao-long-web-mockup.png\" data-orig-size=\"1000,927\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Tao Long\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/tao-long-web-mockup-300x278.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/tao-long-web-mockup.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/tao-long-web-mockup.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8273\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/tao-long-web-mockup.png 1000w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/tao-long-web-mockup-150x139.png 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/tao-long-web-mockup-300x278.png 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/tao-long-web-mockup-324x300.png 324w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/tayu.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"325\" height=\"325\" data-attachment-id=\"6420\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/tayu\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/tayu.png\" data-orig-size=\"325,325\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Tayu\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/tayu-300x300.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/tayu.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/tayu.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6420\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/tayu.png 325w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/tayu-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/tayu-300x300.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 325px) 100vw, 325px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><br><em>L\u2019Asie abstraite abonde en dragons &#8211; dont on ne sait pas toujours tr\u00e8s bien s\u2019ils sont cens\u00e9s \u00eatre chinois ou japonais.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/loyang.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"246\" height=\"345\" data-attachment-id=\"6421\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/loyang\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/loyang.png\" data-orig-size=\"246,345\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Loyang\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/loyang-214x300.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/loyang.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/loyang.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6421\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/loyang.png 246w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/loyang-107x150.png 107w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/loyang-214x300.png 214w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 246px) 100vw, 246px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/agra.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"8379\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/agra\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/agra.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"733,1024\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Agra\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/agra-215x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/agra-733x1024.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/agra-733x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8379\" width=\"263\" height=\"369\"\/><\/a><figcaption><em>On est souvent en Chine, plus rarement en Inde ou Japon, pour des jeux de combinaison ou de commerce relativement abstraits et qui auraient pu avoir bien d\u2019autres th\u00e8mes.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/year-of-the-dragon.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"246\" height=\"338\" data-attachment-id=\"6422\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/year-of-the-dragon\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/year-of-the-dragon.png\" data-orig-size=\"246,338\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"In the Year of the Dragon\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/year-of-the-dragon-218x300.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/year-of-the-dragon.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/year-of-the-dragon.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6422\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/year-of-the-dragon.png 246w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/year-of-the-dragon-109x150.png 109w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/year-of-the-dragon-218x300.png 218w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 246px) 100vw, 246px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/ryu.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" data-attachment-id=\"6423\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/ryu\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/ryu.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Ryu\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/ryu-300x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/ryu.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/ryu.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6423\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/ryu.jpg 500w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/ryu-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/ryu-300x300.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><em>L\u00e0, on est \u00e0 la fois au Japon et sur une autre plan\u00e8te &#8211; et encore des dragons.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Chine et Japon restent tr\u00e8s populaires dans les jeux de strat\u00e9gie abstraits, mais on rencontre aussi quelques vikings &#8211; les runes ont un look qui va bien. Fr\u00e9quents dans les jeux abstraits des ann\u00e9es soixante-dix et quatre-vingt, les indiens d&#8217;Am\u00e9rique sont aujourd&#8217;hui remplac\u00e9s par des polyn\u00e9siens.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/taluva.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"359\" height=\"500\" data-attachment-id=\"8387\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/taluva\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/taluva.png\" data-orig-size=\"359,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Taluva\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/taluva-215x300.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/taluva.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/taluva.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8387\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/taluva.png 359w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/taluva-108x150.png 108w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/taluva-215x300.png 215w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 359px) 100vw, 359px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/wigwam.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"457\" data-attachment-id=\"8159\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wigwam\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/wigwam.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,457\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"wigwam\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/wigwam-300x274.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/wigwam.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/wigwam.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8159\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/wigwam.jpg 500w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/wigwam-150x137.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/wigwam-300x274.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/wigwam-328x300.jpg 328w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/haleakala.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"373\" height=\"500\" data-attachment-id=\"8388\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/haleakala\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/haleakala.png\" data-orig-size=\"373,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Haleakala\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/haleakala-224x300.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/haleakala.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/haleakala.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8388\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/haleakala.png 373w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/haleakala-112x150.png 112w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/haleakala-224x300.png 224w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 373px) 100vw, 373px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><em>Si ce jeu des ann\u00e9es soixante-dix \u00e9tait publi\u00e9 aujourd&#8217;hui, il aurait sans doute un th\u00e8me et un look chinois ou japonais.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ironie et orientalisme organique<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ou est exactement l\u2019orientalisme quand nous parlons du Japon&nbsp;? Quels sont les clich\u00e9s exotiques qui v\u00e9hiculent vraiment aujourd\u2019hui une image simplifi\u00e9e et objectiv\u00e9e de la culture japonaise&nbsp;? Les samurais et les geishas&nbsp;? Le minimalisme&nbsp;? les robots, le cosplay et les l\u00e9zards g\u00e9ants ? Il y a une diff\u00e9rence importante, et largement n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par Sa\u00efd, entre les vieux clich\u00e9s orientalistes qui sont devenus surtout un \u00e9l\u00e9ment organique de la culture occidentale, et y sont clairement compris comme tels, et les clich\u00e9s plus r\u00e9cents qu\u2019il est plus facile de prendre au pied de la lettre. Lorsque nous employons dans le langage courant le terme orientalisme, c\u2019est le plus souvent pour parler des premiers, quand les plus probl\u00e9matiques sont les seconds. Les samurais et les geishas, comme les pharaons et les maharajas, comme les cowboys et les indiens, sont une forme d\u2019orientalisme organique, auto-r\u00e9f\u00e9rentiel et toujours plus ou moins ironique. Lorsqu\u2019un jeu les prend pour th\u00e8me, l\u2019univers de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence n\u2019est pas l\u2019autre, c\u2019est le clich\u00e9 &nbsp;amusant car obsol\u00e8te. La moquerie, s\u2019il y en a une, vise l\u2019exotisme lui-m\u00eame et non l\u2019exotique. Les images plus r\u00e9centes, comme les robots, les l\u00e9zards g\u00e9ants et les uniformes d\u2019\u00e9coli\u00e8res, ou les caract\u00e8res suppos\u00e9s intemporels, comme le minimalisme, sont plus ambigus car on peut encore y croire. Les images ne doivent pas \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s ex abstracto, hors de leur contexte historique et culturel. Le m\u00eame style graphique ne peut pas avoir m\u00eame sens sur les boites de jeux d\u2019aujourd\u2019hui et dans les encyclop\u00e9dies populaires des ann\u00e9es cinquante, et peut m\u00eame \u2013 nous le verrons pour les indiens d\u2019Am\u00e9rique \u2013 avoir un sens tr\u00e8s diff\u00e9rent en Europe et en Am\u00e9rique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image079.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5694\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image079\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image079.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"345,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Mai Star\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image079-207x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image079.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image079.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5694\" width=\"242\" height=\"354\"\/><\/a><figcaption><em>Les japonais eux-m\u00eames peuvent utiliser les clich\u00e9s orientalistes, comme dans Mai Star, de Seiji Kanai, dont nous voyons ici les \u00e9ditions japonaise et am\u00e9ricaine \u2013 et la plus orientaliste n\u2019est pas n\u00e9cessairement cette derni\u00e8re. Il y a un \u00ab&nbsp;auto-orientalisme&nbsp;\u00bb japonais, qui n\u2019est pas seulement destin\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019exportation. Sur le m\u00eame th\u00e8me des geishas, Hanamikoji, de Kota Nakayama, est un cas plus complexe &#8211; si l\u2019auteur est japonais, \u00e9diteur et illustrateur sont taiwanais.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image081.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"355\" data-attachment-id=\"5695\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image081\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image081.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,355\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Mai Star\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image081-300x213.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image081.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image081.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5695\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image081.jpg 500w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image081-150x107.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image081-300x213.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image081-423x300.jpg 423w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/hanamikoji.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"344\" height=\"500\" data-attachment-id=\"6427\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/hanamikoji-3\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/hanamikoji.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"344,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Hanamikoji\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/hanamikoji-206x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/hanamikoji.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/hanamikoji.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6427\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/hanamikoji.jpg 344w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/hanamikoji-103x150.jpg 103w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/hanamikoji-206x300.jpg 206w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 344px) 100vw, 344px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image083.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"487\" height=\"500\" data-attachment-id=\"5696\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image083\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image083.png\" data-orig-size=\"487,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"King of Tokyo\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image083-292x300.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image083.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image083.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5696\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image083.png 487w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image083-146x150.png 146w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image083-292x300.png 292w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 487px) 100vw, 487px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><em>Quoi qu\u2019il en soit, quand on parle du Japon, le v\u00e9ritable orientalisme est sans doute plut\u00f4t ici \u2013<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/kaiju-incorporated-bg.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"8150\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/kaiju-incorporated-bg\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/kaiju-incorporated-bg.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"260,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"kaiju incorporated\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/kaiju-incorporated-bg-156x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/kaiju-incorporated-bg.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/kaiju-incorporated-bg.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8150\" width=\"209\" height=\"409\"\/><\/a><figcaption><em> <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image085.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" data-attachment-id=\"5697\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image085\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image085.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"King of Tokyo\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image085-300x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image085.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image085.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5697\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image085.jpg 500w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image085-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image085-300x300.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><em>et comme on le voit, il s\u2019exporte tr\u00e8s bien au Japon.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-medium\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/sentai-cats.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"202\" height=\"300\" data-attachment-id=\"8381\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/sentai-cats-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/sentai-cats.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"337,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Sentai Cats\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/sentai-cats-202x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/sentai-cats.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/sentai-cats-202x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8381\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/sentai-cats-202x300.jpg 202w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/sentai-cats-101x150.jpg 101w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/sentai-cats.jpg 337w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 202px) 100vw, 202px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><em> Tout \u00e0 la fois extr\u00e8me-oriental et hyper-moderne, le Japon permet de combiner, souvent  avec une certaine ironie, les clich\u00e9s exotiques et ceux de la science-fiction.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Pour l\u2019anecdote, remarquons que l\u2019\u00e9diteur de jeux allemand qui fait le plus syst\u00e9matiquement appel aux univers exotiques et aux illustrations de style orientaliste, tout en ocres, jaunes et oranges, l\u2019\u00e9diteur de <em>Shogun, Maharani, Sultan, Alhambra, Thebes, Kairo<\/em> et de nombreux autres est Queen Games, dont le patron, Rajiv Gupta, est lui-m\u00eame assez exotique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Citadels-Dej-cover-600.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"600\" data-attachment-id=\"9220\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/?attachment_id=9220\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Citadels-Dej-cover-600.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"600,600\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Citadels &amp;#8211; Dej &amp;#8211; cover 600\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;The persian edition of Citadels.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Citadels-Dej-cover-600-300x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Citadels-Dej-cover-600.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Citadels-Dej-cover-600.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9220\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Citadels-Dej-cover-600.jpg 600w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Citadels-Dej-cover-600-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Citadels-Dej-cover-600-300x300.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><em>L&#8217;\u00e9dition iranienne de mon Citadelles, Dej, illustr\u00e9e par Hassan Nozadian, passerait sans doute en occident pour tr\u00e8s orientaliste\u2026. et le personnage du marchand n&#8217;y serait peut-\u00eatre pas une caricature acceptable.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Citadels-Dej-Merchant.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"362\" height=\"520\" data-attachment-id=\"9225\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2018\/07\/08\/une-citadelle-en-persea-citadel-in-persia\/citadels-dej-merchant\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Citadels-Dej-Merchant.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"362,520\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Citadels &amp;#8211; Dej &amp;#8211; Merchant\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Citadels-Dej-Merchant-209x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Citadels-Dej-Merchant.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Citadels-Dej-Merchant.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Citadels-Dej-Merchant.jpg 362w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Citadels-Dej-Merchant-104x150.jpg 104w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Citadels-Dej-Merchant-209x300.jpg 209w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 362px) 100vw, 362px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Isla Dorada<\/em>, qui ne s\u2019est pas tr\u00e8s bien vendu mais reste l\u2019une de mes cr\u00e9ations pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9es, fait d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment appel \u00e0 tous les clich\u00e9s de l\u2019exotisme colonial. Mes premiers prototypes avaient un th\u00e8me sans grande saveur, des marchands voyageant dans une contr\u00e9e m\u00e9di\u00e9vale vaguement fantastique, achetant ici et vendant l\u00e0. L\u2019\u00e9diteur trouvant cela un peu bateau, nous opt\u00e2mes pour quelque chose de plus excitant, un m\u00e9lange exotique un peu d\u00e9lirant, \u00e0 la Tarzan. L\u2019action se d\u00e9roule dans un univers steampunk victorien, sur une \u00eele oubli\u00e9e o\u00f9 des explorateurs d\u00e9couvrent les restes de pas moins de quatre civilisations disparues. Nous avons donc sur l\u2019\u00eele dor\u00e9e des pyramides \u00e9gyptiennes, et des lieux aux noms se terminant en is, un m\u00e9lange polyn\u00e9sien-pascuan avec des noms comme Wahi-Waha et Vanu-Tabu, et des pyramides maya portant des noms azt\u00e8ques. La quatri\u00e8me civilisation n\u2019est vaguement indon\u00e9sienne que parce que les noms en ing et ang ont des sonorit\u00e9s amusantes et bien diff\u00e9rentes. En effet, les m\u00e9canismes du jeu imposaient que les toponymes sugg\u00e8rent imm\u00e9diatement \u00e0 quelle aire culturelle et g\u00e9ographique ils appartiennent. Pas de Chine ou d\u2019Afrique Noire, mais nous avons palli\u00e9 \u00e0 cela dans les cartes \u00e9v\u00e9nements, avec des pandas tueurs et des tribus sauvages perdues dans la jungle. Pour le vaudou des Cara\u00efbes, on a le Baron Samedi. Je me rappelles que nous avions envisag\u00e9 un moment des ruines romaines, et que sur au moins l\u2019un des prototypes, il y eut \u00e0 la place des noms en ing et ang d\u2019autres en us et um. Ce n\u2019\u00e9tait pas bien diff\u00e9rent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image087.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"1000\" data-attachment-id=\"5698\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image087\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image087.png\" data-orig-size=\"1000,1000\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Isla Dorada\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Cover&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image087-300x300.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image087.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image087.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5698\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image087.png 1000w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image087-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image087-300x300.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/neta-tanka.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"584\" height=\"584\" data-attachment-id=\"9796\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/neta-tanka\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/neta-tanka.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"629,630\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"neta tanka\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/neta-tanka-300x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/neta-tanka-584x584.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/neta-tanka-584x584.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9796\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/neta-tanka-584x584.jpg 584w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/neta-tanka-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/neta-tanka-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/neta-tanka.jpg 629w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>I<em>sla Dorada, et un autre jeu qui &#8220;m\u00e9lange tout&#8221;, quoique plus s\u00e9rieusement, pour d\u00e9samorcer l&#8217;orientalisme, Neka-Tanka.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/ancient-world.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"584\" height=\"584\" data-attachment-id=\"10467\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/ancient-world\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/ancient-world.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"600,600\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"ancient world\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/ancient-world-300x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/ancient-world-584x584.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/ancient-world-584x584.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10467\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/ancient-world-584x584.jpg 584w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/ancient-world-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/ancient-world-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/ancient-world.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><em>The Ancient World, illustr\u00e9 par son auteur, m\u00e9lange quant \u00e0 lui toutes les cultures antiques.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image089.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" data-attachment-id=\"5699\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image089\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image089.png\" data-orig-size=\"500,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Tzolk&amp;#8217;in\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image089-300x300.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image089.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image089.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5699\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image089.png 500w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image089-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image089-300x300.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><em>Avec Tzolkin, nous avons affaire \u00e0 une autre forme d\u2019ironie &#8211; Hamlet et le crane de cristal.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019orientalisme analys\u00e9 par Edward Sa\u00efd est un discours id\u00e9ologique dont la force d\u00e9coule de ce qu\u2019il est suppos\u00e9 d\u00e9crire la r\u00e9alit\u00e9, la v\u00e9rit\u00e9 d\u2019un Orient qu\u2019il invente. Les jeux de soci\u00e9t\u00e9 d\u2019aujourd\u2019hui, comme les bandes dessin\u00e9es humoristiques de notre enfance, Ast\u00e9rix, ou Iznogoud pour \u00eatre plus oriental, ne sont pas des travaux sociologiques ou historiques. Ils n\u2019ont pas la moindre pr\u00e9tention \u00e0 dire la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Klaus Teuber, l\u2019auteur de Catan, n\u2019a jamais pr\u00e9tendu que le nouveau monde ait \u00e9t\u00e9 vide de tout habitant lorsque les colons y ont d\u00e9barqu\u00e9, et aucun joueur n\u2019a jamais imagin\u00e9 cela apr\u00e8s une partie des <em>colons de Catan<\/em>. Je sais tr\u00e8s bien qu\u2019il n\u2019y a pas de courses d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9phants dans les cit\u00e9s indiennes \u2013 enfin, il y en a peut-\u00eatre parfois ici ou l\u00e0, mais je n\u2019ai m\u00eame pas cherch\u00e9 \u00e0 le savoir car mon but \u00e9tait d\u2019\u00eatre fid\u00e8le au clich\u00e9, pas \u00e0 la r\u00e9alit\u00e9. D\u2019une certaine mani\u00e8re, l\u2019exotisme des jeux de soci\u00e9t\u00e9, comme celui des bandes dessin\u00e9es, est toujours plus ou moins ironique \u2013 mais peut-\u00eatre devrions nous parfois rendre cela plus clair.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Occidentalisme<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Il convient quand m\u00eame ici de signaler qu&#8217;il existe, en particulier au Japon et en Chine &#8211; pays qui, il faut le rappeler ici, n&#8217;ont jamais \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement colonis\u00e9s, une tradition &#8220;occidentaliste&#8221; &#8211; que l&#8217;on voit bien dans certains films de Miyazaki, ou dans un personnage de jeu video comme Mario. Auteurs et \u00e9diteurs japonais prennent sur le march\u00e9 mondial du jeu de soci\u00e9t\u00e9 une place de plus en plus importante, chinois et cor\u00e9ens semblent devoir les suivre de pr\u00e8s, et les premiers jeux v\u00e9hiculant cette image orientale de l&#8217;occident arrivent sur le march\u00e9 mondial. On y voit g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des europ\u00e9ens aux yeux bleus et aux coiffures flamboyantes. J&#8217;ai moi m\u00eame retravaill\u00e9 pour un \u00e9diteur am\u00e9ricain un jeu de Hayato Kisaragi, Greedy Kingdoms. La nouvelle \u00e9dition a conserv\u00e9 les illustrations japonaises originales, et les dessins suppl\u00e9mentaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 command\u00e9s \u00e0 la m\u00eame \u00e9quipe. L&#8217;action s&#8217;y d\u00e9roule dans un univers \u00ab&nbsp;occidentaliste&nbsp;\u00bb, un moyen-\u00e2ge europ\u00e9en imagin\u00e9 et illustr\u00e9 au Japon. Le r\u00e9sultat est, vu d\u2019Europe, rigolo et sympathique, avec un mix de costumes et de b\u00e2timents correspondant \u00e0 des p\u00e9riodes historiques bien diff\u00e9rentes, et une courtisane aux allures de majorette.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/greedy-kingdoms.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"584\" height=\"435\" data-attachment-id=\"12089\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/?attachment_id=12089\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/greedy-kingdoms.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"584,435\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"greedy-kingdoms\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/greedy-kingdoms-300x223.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/greedy-kingdoms.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/greedy-kingdoms.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12089\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/greedy-kingdoms.jpg 584w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/greedy-kingdoms-300x223.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/greedy-kingdoms-150x112.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/greedy-kingdoms-403x300.jpg 403w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><em>Deux exemples d&#8217;occidentalisme japonais. Sur la boite de cette version de Lost Legacy, on voit un chevalier m\u00e9di\u00e9val aux yeux bleus et aux cheveux blonds, un personnage faisant vaguement penser \u00e0 un hobbit avec un chapeau de magicien, et une statue de sir\u00e8ne\u2026<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/lost-legacy.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"6428\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/lost-legacy-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/lost-legacy.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"284,384\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Lost Legacy\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/lost-legacy-222x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/lost-legacy.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/lost-legacy.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6428\" width=\"239\" height=\"327\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/cinecitta.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"10124\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/cinecitta\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/cinecitta.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1461,1989\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"cinecitta\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/cinecitta-264x360.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/cinecitta-429x584.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/cinecitta-429x584.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10124\" width=\"217\" height=\"301\"\/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/tanto-cuore.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"213\" data-attachment-id=\"10116\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/tanto-cuore\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/tanto-cuore.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"400,213\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"tanto cuore\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/tanto-cuore-300x160.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/tanto-cuore.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/tanto-cuore.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10116\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/tanto-cuore.jpg 400w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/tanto-cuore-150x80.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/tanto-cuore-300x160.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><em>Pour les chinois, l&#8217;arch\u00e9type de l&#8217;exotisme europ\u00e9en semble \u00eatre l&#8217;Italie. Au Japon, Italie et Allemagne font bon m\u00e9nage.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Venice-Vendetta.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"400\" data-attachment-id=\"10833\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/venice-vendetta\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Venice-Vendetta.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"400,400\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Venice Vendetta\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Venice-Vendetta-300x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Venice-Vendetta.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Venice-Vendetta.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10833\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Venice-Vendetta.jpg 400w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Venice-Vendetta-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Venice-Vendetta-300x300.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><em>Et l&#8217;on retrouve Venise, qui est d\u00e9cid\u00e9ment exotique pour tout le monde !<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/burano.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"415\" height=\"584\" data-attachment-id=\"10117\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/burano-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/burano.png\" data-orig-size=\"426,600\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"burano\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/burano-256x360.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/burano-415x584.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/burano-415x584.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10117\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/burano-415x584.png 415w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/burano-107x150.png 107w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/burano-256x360.png 256w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/burano-213x300.png 213w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/burano.png 426w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 415px) 100vw, 415px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Coloniser le pass\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Un argument d\u2019\u00e9vidence semble relativiser fortement tout ce que j\u2019ai \u00e9crit jusqu\u2019ici. Il y a certes de nombreux jeux sur un orient \u00e9ternel et de pacotille, mais il y en a plus encore sur certaines p\u00e9riodes de l\u2019histoire, et d\u2019une histoire bien occidentale, comme l\u2019antiquit\u00e9 romaine ou le moyen-\u00e2ge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image093.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"344\" height=\"500\" data-attachment-id=\"5701\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image093\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image093.png\" data-orig-size=\"344,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Carcassonne\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image093-206x300.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image093.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image093.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5701\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image093.png 344w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image093-103x150.png 103w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image093-206x300.png 206w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 344px) 100vw, 344px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/carcassonne_south_seas.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"417\" height=\"600\" data-attachment-id=\"8216\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/carcassonne_south_seas\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/carcassonne_south_seas.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"417,600\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"carcassonne south seas\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/carcassonne_south_seas-209x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/carcassonne_south_seas.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/carcassonne_south_seas.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8216\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/carcassonne_south_seas.jpg 417w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/carcassonne_south_seas-104x150.jpg 104w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/carcassonne_south_seas-209x300.jpg 209w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 417px) 100vw, 417px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><em>Quelques versions de Carcassonne,<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/carcassonne-amazonas.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"344\" height=\"500\" data-attachment-id=\"8213\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/carcassonne-amazonas\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/carcassonne-amazonas.png\" data-orig-size=\"344,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"carcassonne amazonas\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/carcassonne-amazonas-206x300.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/carcassonne-amazonas.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/carcassonne-amazonas.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8213\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/carcassonne-amazonas.png 344w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/carcassonne-amazonas-103x150.png 103w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/carcassonne-amazonas-206x300.png 206w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 344px) 100vw, 344px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/carcassonne-hunters.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"351\" height=\"500\" data-attachment-id=\"8217\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/carcassonne-hunters\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/carcassonne-hunters.png\" data-orig-size=\"351,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"carcassonne hunters\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/carcassonne-hunters-211x300.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/carcassonne-hunters.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/carcassonne-hunters.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8217\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/carcassonne-hunters.png 351w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/carcassonne-hunters-105x150.png 105w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/carcassonne-hunters-211x300.png 211w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 351px) 100vw, 351px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><em>chacune exotique \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re.<\/em> <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/carcassonne-gold-rush.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"452\" height=\"651\" data-attachment-id=\"8215\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/carcassonne-gold-rush\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/carcassonne-gold-rush.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"452,651\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"carcassonne gold rush\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/carcassonne-gold-rush-208x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/carcassonne-gold-rush.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/carcassonne-gold-rush.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8215\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/carcassonne-gold-rush.jpg 452w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/carcassonne-gold-rush-104x150.jpg 104w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/carcassonne-gold-rush-208x300.jpg 208w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 452px) 100vw, 452px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/carcassonne-discovery.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"344\" height=\"500\" data-attachment-id=\"8218\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/carcassonne-discovery\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/carcassonne-discovery.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"344,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"carcassonne discovery\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/carcassonne-discovery-206x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/carcassonne-discovery.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/carcassonne-discovery.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8218\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/carcassonne-discovery.jpg 344w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/carcassonne-discovery-103x150.jpg 103w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/carcassonne-discovery-206x300.jpg 206w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 344px) 100vw, 344px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><em>Cela s&#8217;est aussi bien vendu que Catane.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/traders-of-carthage.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"389\" height=\"584\" data-attachment-id=\"9709\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/traders-of-carthage\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/traders-of-carthage.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,750\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"traders of carthage\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/traders-of-carthage-240x360.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/traders-of-carthage-389x584.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/traders-of-carthage-389x584.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9709\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/traders-of-carthage-389x584.jpg 389w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/traders-of-carthage-100x150.jpg 100w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/traders-of-carthage-240x360.jpg 240w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/traders-of-carthage-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/traders-of-carthage.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 389px) 100vw, 389px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><em>Deux \u00e9ditions du m\u00eame jeu\u2026 La premi\u00e8re \u00e9dition, Traders of Carthage, exploite le th\u00e8me choisi par l&#8217;auteur japonais.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/traders-of-osaka.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"377\" height=\"584\" data-attachment-id=\"9710\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/traders-of-osaka\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/traders-of-osaka.png\" data-orig-size=\"493,764\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"traders of osaka\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/traders-of-osaka-232x360.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/traders-of-osaka-377x584.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/traders-of-osaka-377x584.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9710\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/traders-of-osaka-377x584.png 377w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/traders-of-osaka-97x150.png 97w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/traders-of-osaka-232x360.png 232w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/traders-of-osaka-194x300.png 194w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/traders-of-osaka.png 493w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 377px) 100vw, 377px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><em>L&#8217;\u00e9diteur am\u00e9ricain, au moment de r\u00e9imprimer le jeu, a choisi d&#8217;en faire Traders of Osaka, les deux formes d&#8217;exotisme sont interchangeables.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/siam.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"582\" height=\"584\" data-attachment-id=\"9720\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/siam\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/siam.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"897,900\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"siam\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/siam-300x301.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/siam-582x584.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/siam-582x584.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9720\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/siam-582x584.jpg 582w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/siam-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/siam-300x301.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/siam-299x300.jpg 299w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/siam.jpg 897w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 582px) 100vw, 582px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><em>L\u00e0 encore, deux versions successives du m\u00eame jeu, le Roi de Siam devenant Roi d&#8217;Angleterre.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/king-is-dead.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"425\" height=\"550\" data-attachment-id=\"9721\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/king-is-dead\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/king-is-dead.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"425,550\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"king is dead\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/king-is-dead-278x360.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/king-is-dead.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/king-is-dead.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9721\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/king-is-dead.jpg 425w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/king-is-dead-116x150.jpg 116w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/king-is-dead-278x360.jpg 278w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/king-is-dead-232x300.jpg 232w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 425px) 100vw, 425px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019image que nous avons de notre pass\u00e9, ou du moins de certaines \u00e9poques, n\u2019est pas tr\u00e8s diff\u00e9rente de celle que nous avons, ou avions, du reste du monde. Les temps \u00e9loign\u00e9s sont comme les pays \u00e9loign\u00e9s, naifs, simples, lointains, vaguement pervers. L\u2019orientalisme et l\u2019histoire, du moins l\u2019histoire telle qu\u2019elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 invent\u00e9e au XIX\u00e8me si\u00e8cle, sont \u00e0 la fois politiques et romantiques, marqu\u00e9s par la fascination pour l\u2019autre et le besoin de l\u2019objectiver pour en faire un objet d\u2019\u00e9tude et affirmer la sup\u00e9riorit\u00e9 occidentale et moderne. En France, comme dans bien des pays d\u2019Europe, histoire et g\u00e9ographie sont depuis le XIX\u00e8me si\u00e8cle enseign\u00e9s par les m\u00eames professeurs, comme si le pass\u00e9 et le lointain \u00e9taient interchangeables. Les peintres du XIX\u00e8me si\u00e8cle point\u00e9s par Sa\u00efd pour leur orientalisme, comme G\u00e9r\u00f4me et G\u00e9ricault, ont \u00e9galement peint, et dans le m\u00eame style, bien des sc\u00e8nes historiques et mythologiques. En 1904, Victor S\u00e9galen, entamait ses notes pour un essai sur l\u2019exotisme qu\u2019il ne terminerait jamais en faisant un parall\u00e8le entre le lointain dans l\u2019espace, l\u2019exotisme, et le recul dans le pass\u00e9, qu\u2019il appelle historicisme. Ce terme ayant pris aujourd\u2019hui un autre sens, mieux vaut sans doute parler d\u2019exotisme historique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image091.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"348\" height=\"500\" data-attachment-id=\"5700\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image091\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image091.png\" data-orig-size=\"348,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Pompeii\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image091-209x300.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image091.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image091.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5700\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image091.png 348w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image091-104x150.png 104w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image091-209x300.png 209w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 348px) 100vw, 348px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><em>Pompei, Carcassonne, Florence.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image093.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"344\" height=\"500\" data-attachment-id=\"5701\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image093\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image093.png\" data-orig-size=\"344,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Carcassonne\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image093-206x300.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image093.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image093.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5701\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image093.png 344w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image093-103x150.png 103w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image093-206x300.png 206w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 344px) 100vw, 344px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><em>Le lieu suffit \u00e0 dire le temps<\/em>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image095.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"354\" height=\"500\" data-attachment-id=\"5702\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image095\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image095.png\" data-orig-size=\"354,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Princes of Florence\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image095-212x300.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image095.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image095.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5702\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image095.png 354w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image095-106x150.png 106w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image095-212x300.png 212w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 354px) 100vw, 354px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019orientalisme tel qu\u2019il a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9crit par Sa\u00efd est sinon sur le d\u00e9clin, du moins diss\u00e9qu\u00e9 et discut\u00e9 dans les universit\u00e9s, mais son double l\u2019exotisme historique se porte encore tr\u00e8s bien. La principale raison en est sans doute que nous ne craignons gu\u00e8re un retour de b\u00e2ton \u00ab&nbsp;post-antique&nbsp;\u00bb ou \u00ab&nbsp;post-m\u00e9di\u00e9val&nbsp;\u00bb comme il y a un retour de b\u00e2ton post-colonial. Les Grecs et les Romains peuvent bien \u00eatre objectiv\u00e9s, analys\u00e9s, simplifi\u00e9s, caricatur\u00e9s pour notre plus grand confort et notre plus grand plaisir, mais ils n\u2019ont jamais \u00e9t\u00e9 colonis\u00e9s et ne peuvent gu\u00e8re nous r\u00e9pliquer, pas plus que les pirates ou les cow-boys. Je souhaiterais parfois qu\u2019ils le puissent, comme dans le d\u00e9licieux roman de Gore Vidal, <em>Live From Golgotha<\/em>, ce pourrait \u00eatre dr\u00f4le.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image097.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" data-attachment-id=\"5703\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image097\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image097.png\" data-orig-size=\"500,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Colt Express\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image097-300x300.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image097.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image097.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5703\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image097.png 500w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image097-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image097-300x300.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/nothing-personal.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" data-attachment-id=\"10204\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2019\/01\/06\/tom-vasel-et-quelques-autres-tom-vasel-and-a-few-others\/nothing-personal-4\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/nothing-personal.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"nothing-personal\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/nothing-personal-300x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/nothing-personal.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/nothing-personal.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10204\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/nothing-personal.jpg 500w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/nothing-personal-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/nothing-personal-300x300.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><em>Cela marche aussi bien avec l&#8217;histoire am\u00e9ricaine.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Historien, je me suis toujours m\u00e9fi\u00e9 de l\u2019explication trop simple qui court les livres d\u2019histoire, l\u2019explication qui marche \u00e0 tous les coups &#8211; Les gens de ce temps-l\u00e0 ne pensaient pas comme nous. Cela me fait penser \u00e0 la fameuse formule de Rudyard Kipling &#8211;<em> \u00c0 l\u2019Est de Suez, le mal devient le bien et le bien devient le mal. <\/em>Au XVII\u00e8me si\u00e8cle, il n&#8217;\u00e9tait pas besoin d&#8217;aller si loin, franchir les Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es suffisait \u00e0 Pascal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Le probl\u00e8me ne serait alors pas l\u2019orientalisme mais l\u2019exotisme en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, qui semble bien plus pr\u00e9sent dans le jeu que dans la litt\u00e9rature ou le cin\u00e9ma, et g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement sous des formes bien peu subtiles. Pour le romancier, l\u2019univers du livre est un lieu g\u00e9ographique et historique complexe, qu\u2019il doit \u00e9tudier ou construire avec soin pour donner de la profondeur et de la cr\u00e9dibilit\u00e9 \u00e0 son r\u00e9cit. Pour l\u2019auteur de jeu, l\u2019Inde, la Chine, le Moyen-\u00c2ge ou l\u2019Antiquit\u00e9 ne sont que des ensembles de r\u00e9f\u00e9rences, des recueils de clich\u00e9s. L\u2019auteur de jeu ne peut pas enrichir son \u0153uvre par des r\u00e9cits complexes et des mises en situations subtiles; comme le peintre, il doit proc\u00e9der par clins d\u2019\u0153il, \u00e0 l\u2019aide de r\u00e9f\u00e9rences \u00e9videntes &#8211; un chameau ici, un casque l\u00e0. Il est donc amen\u00e9 \u00e0 faire un usage intensif d\u2019un r\u00e9pertoire assez limit\u00e9 de clich\u00e9s orientalistes, m\u00e9di\u00e9valistes, antiquistes \u2013 n\u00e9ologismes qui auraient tout \u00e0 fait leur place dans la langue fran\u00e7aise.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/valle-des-mammouths-2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"584\" height=\"584\" data-attachment-id=\"12155\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/?attachment_id=12155\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/valle-des-mammouths-2.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"584,584\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"valle des mammouths 2\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/valle-des-mammouths-2-300x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/valle-des-mammouths-2-584x584.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/valle-des-mammouths-2-584x584.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12155\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/valle-des-mammouths-2.jpg 584w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/valle-des-mammouths-2-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/valle-des-mammouths-2-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/mystere-\u00e0-labbaye.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"12118\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/?attachment_id=12118\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/mystere-a\u0300-labbaye.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"800,802\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"mystere a\u0300 l&amp;#8217;abbaye\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/mystere-a\u0300-labbaye-300x301.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/mystere-a\u0300-labbaye-584x584.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/mystere-\u00e0-labbaye-584x584.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12118\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>On peut proc\u00e9der ainsi de mani\u00e8re tout \u00e0 fait consciente, voire d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9e, comme je l\u2019ai fait en travaillant sur <em>La Vall\u00e9e des Mammouths<\/em> ou sur <em>Myst\u00e8re \u00e0 l\u2019Abbaye<\/em>. <em>La Vall\u00e9e des Mammouths<\/em> n\u2019est qu\u2019une accumulation de clich\u00e9s \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 desquels Rahan passerait pour un trait\u00e9 universitaire. C\u2019est volontaire, c\u2019est du second degr\u00e9, mais le plus int\u00e9ressant est sans doute qu\u2019il ne m\u2019\u00e9tait pas possible de proc\u00e9der autrement. J\u2019\u00e9tais, et suis encore, parfaitement incapable de concevoir un jeu de soci\u00e9t\u00e9 \u00ab&nbsp;s\u00e9rieux&nbsp;\u00bb sur la pr\u00e9histoire. Je n\u2019ai pas les connaissances n\u00e9cessaires, et si je prenais le temps de les acqu\u00e9rir, j\u2019en tirerais un jeu plus complexe, et bien moins amusant \u00e0 jouer, et peut-\u00eatre d\u2019une certaine mani\u00e8re plus profond\u00e9ment raciste envers les n\u00e9andertaliens. Enfin, bon, le racisme envers les n\u00e9andertaliens n\u2019est pas un r\u00e9el probl\u00e8me de soci\u00e9t\u00e9 aujourd\u2019hui, except\u00e9 dans les romans de Jasper Fforde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/vall\u00e9e-des-mammouths.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"12156\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/?attachment_id=12156\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/valle\u0301e-des-mammouths.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1000,505\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"valle\u0301e des mammouths\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/valle\u0301e-des-mammouths-300x152.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/valle\u0301e-des-mammouths-584x295.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/vall\u00e9e-des-mammouths-584x295.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12156\"\/><\/a><figcaption><em>La premi\u00e8re \u00e9dition de La vall\u00e9e des mammouths illustre encore mieux ce propos.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>La simplification et l\u2019objectivation du pass\u00e9 ont, de toute \u00e9vidence, bien moins de cons\u00e9quences sociales et historiques que n\u2019en ont eu la simplification, l\u2019objectivation et parfois la colonisation de l\u2019orient, mais les deux rel\u00e8vent du m\u00eame \u00e9tat d\u2019esprit. L\u2019orientalisme et l\u2019exotisme historique sont deux \u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u2019un m\u00eame discours, et je trouve la pr\u00e9valence un peu vieillotte de ce discours dans l\u2019univers ludique sinon g\u00eanante, du moins d\u00e9concertante &#8211; m\u00eame si son usage est de plus en plus ironique ou distanci\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Si je devais un jour \u00e9crire un sc\u00e9nario pour une s\u00e9rie t\u00e9l\u00e9, le th\u00e8me en serait sans doute le voyage dans le temps, dont l\u2019invention permettrait d\u2019envoyer des gouverneurs britanniques, des missionnaires am\u00e9ricains et des hippies allemands dans l\u2019\u00c9gypte antique ou l\u2019Italie de la Renaissance. Bon, je ne connais personne dans le monde de la t\u00e9l\u00e9, mais je peux peut-\u00eatre en faire un jeu &#8211; un jeu plein de clich\u00e9s idiots sur les britanniques, les allemands et les am\u00e9ricains, parce que c\u2019est \u00e7a qui est dr\u00f4le.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Tant de pirates et de vikings<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Et puis il y a les pirates, et les pirates gagnent toujours. Ils ont tout. Ils ont l\u2019aventure, le soleil, les mers lointaines, des palmiers. En revanche, leurs \u00e9quipages sont essentiellement compos\u00e9s de quadrag\u00e9naires m\u00e2les, blancs et barbus, le c\u0153ur de cible du jeu de soci\u00e9t\u00e9, avec ici et l\u00e0 une vigie noire ou une aventuri\u00e8re sexy. Les pirates des Cara\u00efbes \u2013 car ceux de la Manche n\u2019int\u00e9ressent personne \u2013 sont comme un petit morceau de l\u2019histoire fantasm\u00e9e de l\u2019Europe qui se d\u00e9roulerait dans un monde tropical, ensoleill\u00e9 et exotique, \u00e0 d\u00e9faut d\u2019\u00eatre vraiment oriental. Rien d\u2019\u00e9tonnant \u00e0 ce qu\u2019ils aient \u00e9t\u00e9, depuis le d\u00e9but des jeux de soci\u00e9t\u00e9 moderne, de loin l\u2019univers le plus exploit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image107.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" data-attachment-id=\"5708\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image107\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image107.png\" data-orig-size=\"500,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Black Fleet\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image107-300x300.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image107.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image107.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5708\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image107.png 500w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image107-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image107-300x300.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image109-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"700\" data-attachment-id=\"5710\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image109-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image109-1.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"700,700\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Pirate&amp;#8217;s Cove\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image109-1-300x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image109-1.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image109-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5710\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image109-1.jpg 700w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image109-1-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image109-1-300x300.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><em>Des<\/em> <em>hommes blancs et barbus dans des univers exotiques. Les pirates sur la couverture de Libertalia sont une tr\u00e8s bonne image du groupe de joueurs classique.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/libertalia.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"498\" data-attachment-id=\"8188\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/libertalia\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/libertalia.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,498\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"libertalia\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/libertalia-300x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/libertalia.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/libertalia.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8188\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/libertalia.jpg 500w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/libertalia-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/libertalia-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/libertalia-301x300.jpg 301w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/vikings.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"8197\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/vikings\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/vikings.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"355,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"vikings\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/vikings-213x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/vikings.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/vikings.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8197\" width=\"257\" height=\"364\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Les vikings sont pas mal non plus, et assez populaires, mais il leur manque le soleil qui burine la peau. Certes, on peut pr\u00e9f\u00e9rer la bi\u00e8re au rhum, cela d\u00e9pend des groupes de joueurs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"fantastique\"><strong>M\u00e9di\u00e9val et fantastique<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La plupart de mes exemples proviennent d\u2019 \u201cEurogames\u201c, un style de jeux de soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qui est n\u00e9 en Europe et n\u2019est devenu populaire dans le reste du monde que r\u00e9cemment. Les jeux con\u00e7us aux Etats-Unis ont plus souvent recours \u00e0 des univers fantastiques, notamment ce que l&#8217;on appelle le &#8220;m\u00e9di\u00e9val fantastique&#8221;, qui posent aussi quelques probl\u00e8mes \u2013 les peuples fantastiques peuvent \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme une mani\u00e8re d&#8217;essentialiser la question raciale, en faisant de la race quelque chose de &#8220;r\u00e9el&#8221;, de naturel. Cette id\u00e9e, assez r\u00e9pandue aux outre-Atlantique, y compris dans des milieux anti-racistes, me semble dangereuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Elfes, gobelins, orques, g\u00e9ants, trolls, nains &#8211; et parfois aussi extra-terrestres &#8211; sont une mani\u00e8re d&#8217;objectiver l&#8217;id\u00e9e de race, d&#8217;en faire une r\u00e9alit\u00e9 irr\u00e9ductible, et non ce qu&#8217;elle est vraiment, une construction sociale et une id\u00e9e idiote, voire une tr\u00e8s mauvaise blague. Penser lutter contre le racisme en faisant des gobelins plus mignons, des trolls plus gentils et des elfes un peu basan\u00e9s, ou en revalorisant la culture orque comme je l\u2019ai vu sugg\u00e9rer tr\u00e8s s\u00e9rieusement sur des forums de joueurs am\u00e9ricains, est donc passer totalement \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 du probl\u00e8me, voire l\u2019entretenir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/smallworld.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" data-attachment-id=\"8175\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/smallworld\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/smallworld.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"smallworld\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/smallworld-300x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/smallworld.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/smallworld.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8175\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/smallworld.jpg 500w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/smallworld-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/smallworld-300x300.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><em>Deux jeux de &#8220;guerre des races&#8221;&nbsp; entre elfes, nains, orques et goeblins particuli\u00e8rement int\u00e9ressants.&nbsp; Ethnos, pas son titre, montre qu&#8217;il est conscient des sous-entendus de ces univers. Small World, plein d&#8217;humour, se moque des cat\u00e9gories qu&#8217;il utilise. Quant \u00e0 Trollland, c&#8217;est un jeu parodique qui se moque tout \u00e0 la fois des politiques migratoires europ\u00e9ennes et des univers m\u00e9di\u00e9vaux fantastiques.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/ethnos.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"493\" data-attachment-id=\"8174\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/ethnos\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/ethnos.png\" data-orig-size=\"500,493\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"ethnos\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/ethnos-300x296.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/ethnos.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/ethnos.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8174\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/ethnos.png 500w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/ethnos-150x148.png 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/ethnos-300x296.png 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/ethnos-304x300.png 304w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/trollland.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"154\" height=\"300\" data-attachment-id=\"8186\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/trollland\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/trollland.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"257,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"trollland\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/trollland-154x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/trollland.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/trollland-154x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8186\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/trollland-154x300.jpg 154w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/trollland-77x150.jpg 77w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/trollland.jpg 257w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 154px) 100vw, 154px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Paradoxalement, alors m\u00eame que, sur les campus am\u00e9ricains, &#8220;essentialiste&#8221; est devenu une insulte, le discours qui y est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement tenu sur les questions de culture, de race, et dans une moindre mesure de genre, est plus essentialiste que jamais. C&#8217;est cette m\u00eame analyse qui sous-tend, me semble-t-il, ces univers fantastiques racis\u00e9s \u00e0 l&#8217;exc\u00e8s. Ce n&#8217;est sans doute pas par hasard que les trois jeux ci-dessus, Smallworld, Ethnos et Trollland, qui prennent chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re un recul ironique par rapport aux poncifs du m\u00e9di\u00e9val fantastique, ont des auteurs europ\u00e9ens.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Quoi qu&#8217;il en soit, je me suis toujours senti beaucoup plus mal \u00e0 l&#8217;aise dans les jeux de pirates, ou dans les jeux m\u00e9di\u00e9vaux fantastiques grouillant de peuples exotiques et inqui\u00e9tants, dont les sous-entendus sont plus subtils, et plus s\u00e9rieux, que dans un exotisme traditionnel trop transparent pour \u00eatre pris au s\u00e9rieux et donc pour \u00eatre vraiment dangereux.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L&#8217;\u00e9tape suivante dans la neutralisation, ou peut-\u00eatre seulement dans l&#8217;euph\u00e9misation, des identit\u00e9s raciales \u00e0 l&#8217;anglo-saxonne, est de faire appel \u00e0 des animaux anthropomorphes. C&#8217;est pour cela que de plus en plus de jeux complexes, destin\u00e9s \u00e0 un public adulte, grouillent de personnages semblant sortir de contes pour enfants. L&#8217;essentialisation de ces humains d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en animaux est facile, imm\u00e9diate et semble moins g\u00eanante. Ce peut \u00eatre une bonne chose si cela met en \u00e9vidence les ambiguit\u00e9s des univers fantastiques traditionnels, en particulier m\u00e9di\u00e9vaux-fantastiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/root.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"584\" height=\"456\" data-attachment-id=\"10471\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/root\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/root.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"769,600\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"root\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/root-300x234.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/root-584x456.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/root-584x456.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10471\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/root-584x456.jpg 584w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/root-150x117.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/root-300x234.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/root-385x300.jpg 385w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/root.jpg 769w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><em>Deux jeux ambitieux et r\u00e9cents, dans un univers m\u00e9di\u00e9val-animal-fantastique.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/everdell.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"584\" height=\"584\" data-attachment-id=\"10473\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/everdell\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/everdell.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"600,600\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"everdell\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/everdell-300x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/everdell-584x584.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/everdell-584x584.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10473\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/everdell-584x584.jpg 584w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/everdell-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/everdell-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/everdell.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Des Indiens en Gaule<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Les am\u00e9ricains qui visitent l\u2019Europe sont souvent surpris par l\u2019importance des indiens d\u2019Am\u00e9rique, et surtout des Indiens des plaines, dans notre imaginaire collectif. C\u2019est tout particuli\u00e8rement le cas en France et en Allemagne, les deux pays dont sont originaires le plus grand nombre de jeux de soci\u00e9t\u00e9 modernes. J\u2019ai moi-m\u00eame \u00e0 mon actif deux jeux mettant en sc\u00e8ne des Indiens d\u2019Am\u00e9rique, <em>Tomahawk<\/em> et <em>Waka Tanka<\/em>. Il y en outre de jolis meeples indiens, rouges comme il se doit, dans <em>Pony Express<\/em>, et une squaw tr\u00e8s sexy dans <em>La Fi\u00e8vre de l\u2019Or<\/em>, m\u00eame si ses longues jambes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 coup\u00e9es pour l\u2019\u00e9dition am\u00e9ricaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019image que nous avons des Indiens des Plaines est certes caricaturale, mais elle est tr\u00e8s diff\u00e9rente de celles que peuvent en avoir les am\u00e9ricains. Elle rel\u00e8ve en effet d\u2019un exotisme historique bien \u00e9loign\u00e9 de l\u2019orientalisme, et ceci tout particuli\u00e8rement si, comme le soutient Sa\u00efd, l\u2019orientalisme met en exergue l\u2019alt\u00e9rit\u00e9. Nos Indiens imaginaires ne sont en effet pas per\u00e7us comme diff\u00e9rents mais comme similaires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Tomahawk.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"12150\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/?attachment_id=12150\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Tomahawk.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"332,480\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Tomahawk\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Tomahawk-249x360.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Tomahawk.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Tomahawk.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12150\" width=\"246\" height=\"359\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image113.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" data-attachment-id=\"5712\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image113\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image113.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Wakanda\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image113-300x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image113.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image113.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5712\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image113.jpg 500w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image113-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image113-300x300.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>La plupart des europ\u00e9ens ignorent, ou oublient facilement, qu\u2019il y a encore des indiens en Am\u00e9rique, et que leur culture est bien vivante. Pour nous, ils sont une figure historique, et en aucun cas nos contemporains. En outre, en France et en Allemagne, les Indiens des Plaines tels qu\u2019ils \u00e9taient imagin\u00e9s et d\u00e9crits au XIX\u00e8me si\u00e8cle ont servi de base m\u00e9taphorique \u00e0 l\u2019invention d\u2019une antiquit\u00e9 fantasm\u00e9e, celle d\u2019avant la conqu\u00eate romaine. Le village gaulois arch\u00e9typal, d\u00e9crit dans les vieux livres d\u2019histoire ou plus r\u00e9cemment dans Ast\u00e9rix, avec son chef et son druide, est directement copi\u00e9 du village indien mythique, avec son chef et son sorcier. Le dolmen tient lieu de totem, les sangliers de bisons. Jouant aux cowboys et aux indiens, les gamins fran\u00e7ais ou allemands se sont toujours identifi\u00e9s plus volontiers aux seconds. La caricature de l\u2019indien ne se moque pas vraiment de l\u2019\u00e9tranger, elle se moque un peu de nous-m\u00eame, ce qui explique qu\u2019elle soit fr\u00e9quente mais jamais tr\u00e8s m\u00e9chante. En Angleterre, o\u00f9 Agricola est autant un h\u00e9ros national que Boudicca, les choses sont peut-\u00eatre diff\u00e9rentes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Paresse et efficacit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tout cet essai est encore \u00e0 demi un canular. J\u2019ai pris le paradigme orientaliste de Sa\u00efd, originellement appliqu\u00e9 au monde arabe dans les romans et peintures du XIX\u00e8me si\u00e8cle, et l\u2019ai plaqu\u00e9 un peu brutalement sur l\u2019image de bien d\u2019autres parties du monde dans les jeux de soci\u00e9t\u00e9 contemporains. Je l\u2019ai ensuite, suivant une piste sugg\u00e9r\u00e9e par Victor S\u00e9galen, transport\u00e9 jusqu\u2019\u00e0 Mars et Venus. Enfin, je l\u2019ai appliqu\u00e9 \u00e0 notre pass\u00e9, que nous ne coloniserons pas avant d\u2019avoir invent\u00e9 la machine \u00e0 voyager dans le temps. Rien d\u2019\u00e9tonnant donc \u00e0 ce que tout ne colle pas parfaitement, comme nous avons pu le voir dans les cas particuliers du Japon et des Indiens d\u2019Am\u00e9rique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u00e9anmoins, l\u2019omnipr\u00e9sence d\u2019un exotisme de pacotille dans les jeux de soci\u00e9t\u00e9 peut mettre mal \u00e0 l\u2019aise. Il est essentiel d\u2019en comprendre les raisons, mais je ne souhaite absolument pas conclure sur une condamnation politique ou morale de l\u2019orientalisme et de l\u2019exotisme historique. Je ne pense pas que les auteurs de jeux doivent s\u2019abstenir de caricaturer l\u2019Orient ou la Gr\u00e8ce antique dans leurs cr\u00e9ations, et pour ma part je continuerai certainement \u00e0 le faire. J\u2019utiliserai encore ces th\u00e8mes comme j\u2019utilise aussi ceux de la basse cour ou de la jungle, parce qu\u2019ils sont pr\u00e9sents dans notre imaginaire, parce qu\u2019ils sont simples, parce qu\u2019ils sont droles, et parce que pour toutes ces raisons ils font sans doute de meilleurs jeux. En mati\u00e8re de jeu, le plus souvent, paresse est synonyme d\u2019efficacit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Le th\u00e8me d\u2019un jeu n\u2019a en effet pas la m\u00eame fonction que celui d\u2019un roman ou d\u2019un film. Le lecteur d\u2019un roman, le spectateur d\u2019un film ou une pi\u00e8ce de th\u00e9\u00e2tre, consacre toute son \u00e9nergie intellectuelle \u00e0 suivre et comprendre ce qui est racont\u00e9, \u00e0 en saisir les subtilit\u00e9s et les non dits. Il n\u2019y a pas de subtilit\u00e9 intellectuelle, il n\u2019y a pas de non-dit dans un jeu, et le joueur ne pense qu\u2019\u00e0 une chose, chercher \u00e0 gagner. Le th\u00e8me du jeu, son univers, ne doit surtout pas faire r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir le joueur et l\u2019emp\u00eacher de se concentrer sur \u00ab&nbsp;le jeu lui-m\u00eame&nbsp;\u00bb, c\u2019est \u00e0 dire sur la recherche de la victoire. Dans certains cas extr\u00eames, le th\u00e8me n\u2019est m\u00eame qu\u2019un truc, une astuce pour rendre les r\u00e8gles plus claires, comme dans un probl\u00e8me de robinet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pour cela, le th\u00e8me doit \u00eatre simple, et parfaitement ma\u00eetris\u00e9 par les joueurs avant m\u00eame que le jeu ne commence. Dans les romans ou les films, ou du moins dans les bons, l\u2019histoire est l\u00e0 pour aider les joueurs \u00e0 s\u2019approprier un th\u00e8me complexe. Dans un jeu, le th\u00e8me est un outil qui doit aider les joueurs \u00e0 c\u00e9rer l\u2019histoire. L\u2019univers doit \u00eatre l\u00e9ger, simple, caricatural&nbsp;; il doit utiliser des connexions et des r\u00e9f\u00e9rences connues des joueurs, et non pas chercher \u00e0 leur en faire comprendre de nouvelles. Les univers de la pop culture, heroic fantasy ou science fiction, sont parfaits pour cela, mais ne sont ma\u00eetris\u00e9s que par un public restreint. L\u2019exotisme, qu\u2019il soit historique ou g\u00e9ographique, est compris par tous. Le jeu de soci\u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9tant souvent une pratique inter-g\u00e9n\u00e9rationnelle, son th\u00e8me doit \u00eatre connu de deux, voire trois g\u00e9n\u00e9rations. C\u2019est pour quoi les univers exotiques les plus enfantins, qu\u2019ils soient historiques, g\u00e9ographiques ou fantastiques, viennent naturellement \u00e0 l\u2019auteur de jeu, et c\u2019est pourquoi je continuerai \u00e0 les utiliser. Tout juste essaierai-je un peu plus syst\u00e9matiquement de d\u00e9samorcer \u00e0 l\u2019avance, par l\u2019humour ou l\u2019ironie, les probl\u00e8mes que j\u2019ai mis en avant dans cet article. Bien s\u00fbr, l\u2019ironie peut ne pas \u00eatre comprise, mais elle est suffisamment dr\u00f4le quand elle l\u2019est pour que le jeu en vaille la chandelle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image115.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" data-attachment-id=\"5713\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image115\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image115.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1024,1024\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Mombasa\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image115-300x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image115.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image115.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5713\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image115.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image115-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image115-300x300.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image117.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"501\" data-attachment-id=\"5714\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image117\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image117.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1271,622\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Mombasa\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image117-300x147.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image117-1024x501.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image117-1024x501.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5714\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image117-1024x501.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image117-150x73.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image117-300x147.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image117-500x245.jpg 500w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image117.jpg 1271w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><em>L\u2019introduction aux r\u00e8gles de Mombasa est certainement maladroite. Les premi\u00e8res phrases sont lourdement didactiques, et la derni\u00e8re sonne un peu comme \u00ab&nbsp;aucun animal n\u2019a \u00e9t\u00e9 maltrait\u00e9 durant le tournage de ce film&nbsp;\u00bb. C\u2019est sans doute dans ce sens-l\u00e0 qu\u2019il faut aller, mais peut-\u00eatre avec un peu plus d&#8217;humour et de subtilit\u00e9.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>J\u2019aurais sans doute un point de vue diff\u00e9rent si j\u2019\u00e9crivais des jeux de r\u00f4les, dont les univers complexes et subtils se rapprochent plus de la litt\u00e9rature, ou si je travaillais dans le jeu video, mais ce n\u2019est m\u00eame pas certain. Mes meilleurs souvenirs de jeux de r\u00f4les grandeur nature se d\u00e9roulaient dans des mondes tout en clich\u00e9s, souvent l\u2019Angleterre victorienne. Ces clich\u00e9s, cependant, \u00e9taient clairement ironiques. Il y a aussi d\u2019excellents grandeur nature, et sans doute d\u2019excellents jeux de r\u00f4les sur table, traitant le m\u00eame th\u00e8me avec un grand s\u00e9rieux \u2013 mais il se trouve que j\u2019ai moins envie d\u2019y jouer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Les mondes du jeu de soci\u00e9t\u00e9 et du jeu video se ressemblent, et beaucoup d\u2019auteurs de jeux de plateaux travaillent \u00e9galement dans le jeu video. \u00c9tonnamment, l\u2019orientalisme, du moins sous la forme que j\u2019ai d\u00e9crite ici, y est beaucoup moins pr\u00e9sent. Le seul exemple, d\u00e9j\u00e0 ancien, qui me vienne \u00e0 l\u2019esprit est <em>Prince of Persia<\/em>. Les FPS se d\u00e9roulant au Moyen-Orient sont un autre type d\u2019orientalisme, posant d\u2019autres probl\u00e8mes. L\u2019exotisme historique y est aussi moins fr\u00e9quent. La profondeur et la complexit\u00e9 demand\u00e9es par les jeux massivement multijoueurs et les univers persistants interdisent d\u2019utiliser des r\u00e9f\u00e9rences trop simples, et conduisent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement \u00e0 pr\u00e9f\u00e9rer des mondes fantastiques. Ces jeux complexes sont aussi de plus en plus souvent r\u00e9alis\u00e9s par des \u00e9quipes multinationales, et m\u00eame multiculturelles, comprenant des cr\u00e9ateurs en Europe, aux Etats-Unis, au Japon, et de plus en plus en Chine, en Cor\u00e9e ou en Inde. Mais ma remarque est aussi vraie des petits jeux comme ceux auquel on joue dans le m\u00e9tro sur son t\u00e9l\u00e9phone, sans doute parce que l\u2019industrie du jeu video est plus importante et plus mondialis\u00e9e, que ce soit du c\u00f4t\u00e9 des joueurs ou des cr\u00e9ateurs. Les univers sont donc moins probl\u00e9matiques mais aussi, souvent, un peu fades. On se lasse vite du voyage spatial, des dragons, des zombies et des bonbons aux couleurs vives. Ceci dit, \u00e0 l\u2019exception sans doute des bonbons, ces univers rel\u00e8vent aussi d\u2019une sorte d\u2019exotisme et, si on les observe de pr\u00e8s, posent un peu les m\u00eames probl\u00e8mes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Si cet article vous a int\u00e9ress\u00e9, je vous invite \u00e0 lire celui, con\u00e7u comme une annexe, consacr\u00e9 aux <a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/?p=5552\">probl\u00e8mes rencontr\u00e9s aux \u00c9tats-Unis avec l&#8217;iconographie de certains de mes jeux.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"color: #008000;\">Bibliographie :<\/span><br><span style=\"color: #008000;\"> Francesco Adinolfi, <em>Mondo Exotica<\/em>, 2008<\/span><br><span style=\"color: #008000;\"> Eric Hobsbawm &amp; Terence Ranger, <em>The Invention of Tradition<\/em>, 1983<\/span><br><span style=\"color: #008000;\"> Linda Hutcheon, <em>Irony\u2019s Edge : The Theory and Politics of Irony<\/em>, 1994<\/span><br><span style=\"color: #008000;\"> Iwabuchi Koichi, <em>Complicit Exoticism: Japan and its Other<\/em>, 1994<br>O Young Lee, <em>The Compact Culture, the Japanese Tradition of Smaller is Better, 1984<\/em><\/span><br><span style=\"color: #008000;\"> Andr\u00e9 Malraux, <em>La Tentation de l&#8217;Occident (The Temptation of the West),<\/em> 1926<em><br><\/em>Salman Rushdie<em>, Imaginary Homelands, 1991<br><\/em>Edward Sa\u00efd, <em>Orientalism<\/em>, 1978<\/span><br><span style=\"color: #008000;\"> Edward Sa\u00efd, <em>Culture and Imperialism<\/em>, 1993<br>Victor Segalen, <em>Essai sur l&#8217;exotisme,<\/em> 1904-1918<br>Yoko Tawada, <em>Trois le\u00e7ons de po\u00e9tique, 2012<\/em><br>Daniel Martin Varisco, <em>Reading Orientalism, Sa\u00efd and the Unsaid<\/em>, 2007<\/span><br><span style=\"color: #008000;\"> Ibn Warraq, <em>Defending the West, a Critique of Edward Said&#8217;s Orientalism<\/em>, 2007<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"english\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/explorateur.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"960\" data-attachment-id=\"8278\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/explorateur\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/explorateur.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"640,960\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Explorateur\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/explorateur-200x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/explorateur.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/explorateur.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8278\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/explorateur.jpg 640w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/explorateur-100x150.jpg 100w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/explorateur-200x300.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>A US academic review, <a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"http:\/\/analoggamestudies.org\/\" target=\"_blank\">Analog Game Studies<\/a>, has asked me if I could expand on my post about \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/?p=3780\">postocolonial Catan<\/a>\u201d, published here in 2014, to make a longer and more scholarly essay out of it. Thanks to Aaron Trammell, this new version is published, together with&nbsp; in the second volume of the print edition of Analog Game Studies., which can be bought or downloaded from <a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"http:\/\/press.etc.cmu.edu\/content\/analog-game-studies-volume-ii\" target=\"_blank\">here<\/a>. It has a lot of interesting stuff, often typical of US liberal academics, about very different aspects of gaming. <a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"http:\/\/board-gamification.blogspot.fr\/2017\/07\/blog-post_9.html\" target=\"_blank\">There is also a Chinese translation by Liu A-Yue, which can be read there.<\/a> <br>Don&#8217;t be surprised if you spot a few very recent images. I didn&#8217;t add to the text since 2017, but I added a few pictures of more recent games.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><em>I would rather discover one truth than gain a kingdom in Persia.<br><\/em>Democritus<\/span><br><br><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><em>In Fact, the whole of Japan is a pure invention.<br><\/em>Oscar Wilde<em>, The Decay of Lying, 1899<\/em><\/span><br><br><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><em>The past is a foreign country: they do things differently there.<br><\/em>Leslie Poles Hartley<em>, The Go-Between, 1953<\/em><\/span><br><br><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><em>It may be argued that the past is a country from which we have all emigrated.<br><\/em>Salman Rushdie<em>, Imaginary Homelands, 1991<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>I am not a scholar, though I considered becoming one at some time and, twenty years ago, wrote my PhD about the discussion on the reality and the image of the unicorn from the late middle-ages to the XIXth century. Then I gave up historical research to&nbsp; spend more time designing boardgames, of the kind now called Eurogames. I incidentally read Edward Sa\u00efd&#8217;s <\/em>Orientalism and Culture<em> and <\/em>Imperialism<em> in 2012 or 2013, long after they had been published, and was immediately stricken by his description of orientalism, because it was a beast I had already encountered twice. In the true and false travel stories from the late middle-ages and the Renaissance &#8211; Ludovico Barthema saw two unicorns in Mecca in 1503 &#8211; I had seen the beginning of the modern fascination with the Orient. Later, when designing boardgames such as <\/em>Silk Road<em> or <\/em>Isla Dorada<em>, I had made heavy use of good old orientalist clich\u00e9s. Orientalism felt like the missing link between my two experiences.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>Postcolonial Catan 1, 2, 3<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>The first version of what has become this essay was a largely improvised seminar held in 2014, at Gen Con, the biggest US boardgame convention, which takes place every summer in Indianapolis. I basically took the orientalist paradigm from Sa\u00efd and transposed it, mutatis non necessarily mutandis, to modern boardgames. It was fun and superficial, and more a big witty joke than serious reflection. What made especially fun this take on orientalism is that, while postcolonial novels are often extremely humorous and ironic &#8211; think Salman Rushdie, Kiran Desai, Hanif Kureishi, Naguib Mahfouz, Junot Diaz &#8211; postcolonial theory mostly ignores or even sometimes opposes irony. Fun is desperately lacking in Edward Sa\u00efd&#8217;s books, and it might be his biggest methodological difference with his mentor Michel Foucault.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>I had great fun improvising from a half page of notes and mocking my fellow game-designers but, when flying back to Europe, I regretted this had not been recorded. So I tried to write down most of what I said, removing the most stupid jokes and adding a few reflections I had after the more serious discussions ending the conference. This tended to make my point more clear, more structured and more documented, but it remained a bit lampoonesque.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Anyway, I published this article on my website, and it caused huge reactions in the small boardgaming world. I was accused both of wanting to impose political-correctness to the whole boardgaming community, which had never been my intent, and to cowardly stop short of condemning exotic settings, which was a deliberate choice but not, I think, a coward one. Since these days, this article, a shorter version of the one below, is still by far the most visited on my website. The polemic started again one year later, when my game Waka-Tanka was announced and I got some remarks about my double language, condemning exoticism on one side and practicing it on the other. This was also the time I was contacted by the editors of Analog Game Studies who asked me if I would be interested in editing my blogpost into something a bit more weighty. It sounded like a good occasion to read some books, to make some points clearer and to develop a few ideas I had had since.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>One of the reasons for these relatively strong reactions in a boardgaming world usually calm and soft-spoken is probably that&nbsp; the boardgames milieu and business is being globalized relatively late, and as much from Europe as from the US. Twenty years ago, modern boardgames were still largely a German thing. The cultural references in these games are still very European, while there are more and more gamers all around the world. This is another kind of exoticism for American gamers, who were the most reactive to my original article. This might explain the romantic and somewhat nostalgic feel of boardgames for many US gamers, and therefore their recent commercial success, but it also explains why some topics and representations are not exactly the ones to which Americans, and now people from the whole world, are used in other western medias.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>Settlers and natives<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image001.png\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-5653\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"765\" data-attachment-id=\"5653\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image001\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image001.png\" data-orig-size=\"1028,768\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Catan\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image001-300x224.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image001-1024x765.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image001-1024x765.png\" alt=\"image001\" class=\"wp-image-5653\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image001-1024x765.png 1024w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image001-150x112.png 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image001-300x224.png 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image001-402x300.png 402w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image001.png 1028w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><em> It all started twenty years ago, when I first played <\/em>Settlers of Catan<em>. One of the first remarks made&nbsp; by a fellow player when going through the rules was the ironic \u00ab&nbsp;where are the natives?&nbsp;\u00bb. This might have been more a striking issue for French players than for German or English speaking ones because the French language has only one word, Colon, where English has two with very different meanings, Settler and Colonist (Siedler and Kolonist in German, the original language of the game). So, the game is known in France as \u00ab&nbsp;<\/em>Les Colons de Catan<em>&nbsp;\u00bb, which can mean both \u00ab&nbsp;<\/em>Settlers of Catan<em>&nbsp;\u00bb or \u00ab&nbsp;Colonists of Catan&nbsp;\u00bb.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image003-1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"447\" height=\"447\" data-attachment-id=\"5656\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image003-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image003-1.png\" data-orig-size=\"447,447\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Catan\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image003-1-300x300.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image003-1.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image003-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5656\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image003-1.png 447w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image003-1-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image003-1-300x300.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 447px) 100vw, 447px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Les Colons de Catane, recently renamed Catane, a more politically correct title.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image005.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"551\" height=\"550\" data-attachment-id=\"5655\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image005\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image005.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"551,550\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Catan\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image005-300x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image005.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image005.jpg\" alt=\"image 003\" class=\"wp-image-5655\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image005.jpg 551w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image005-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image005-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image005-301x300.jpg 301w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 551px) 100vw, 551px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Les Colons de Catane, recently renamed Catane, a more politically correct title.<br>The abstract looking wooden roads and settlement tokens have also been replaced with plastic ones which have a deliberate European medieval style.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><em>And, indeed, natives are nowhere to be seen in Catan, except may be as the lone black robber bandit who is not really resisting invasion, since he is hired on turn by the different players. I remember my first idea for a Catan expansions was a new resource, magic mushrooms used to cast spells &#8211; this was also the time when I was discovering Magic the Gathering (and when I liked mushrooms). The second one was to add a native resistance player. I didn\u2019t finalize either one.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Edward Sa\u00efd\u2019s <\/em>Culture and Imperialism<em> was published in 1993, more or less at the same time as <\/em>Catan<em> and <\/em>Magic the Gathering<em>, but I read it only twenty years later. I was struck by the similarity between our initial reactions to <\/em>Catan<em> and what Sa\u00efd says of XIXth century European novels, and specifically of Jane Austen\u2019s <\/em>Mansfield Park<em>, where he thought slaves, though nowhere to be seen, are always in the background. Of course, the stakes are lower, and Sa\u00efd\u2019s analysis of XIXth century novels cannot be simply pasted on contemporary boardgames. Times have changed, agendas have changed, European countries have no colonies any more &#8211; and by the way Germany, from where modern boardgames originate, never had that many, and didn\u2019t keep them long. But this striking similarity must mean something.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>This goes farther than the na\u00efve politically-correct euphemization of historical issues that can be found in some games. The problem in <\/em>Puerto Rico<em> is not that there are slave tokens, it is that they are called colonists. The problem with <\/em>Saint Petersburg<em> is that one of the worst episode of forced labour in modern European history is treated as a good spirited competition between hardworking craftsmen. The same is true of fantasy worlds, which is why I was less bothered by the slaves in <\/em>Five Tribes<em> than I am by their replacement with fakirs \u2013 and anyway, one cannot complain both of the absence of natives in <\/em>Catan<em><strong> and<\/strong> of the presence of slaves in <\/em>Five Tribes<em>. <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>Starting from scratch<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>The <\/em>Catan<em> issue is different. The game action doesn\u2019t take place in a specific time or place, and the name <\/em>Catan<em> might even have been chosen specifically to sound bland and not too exotic &#8211; Catania is in Sicily, meaning south, but not too far south. The graphic implementation is very European, with no exotic resource &#8211; sheep, no lamas, bisons or antelopes. Settlers of Catan is colonization as we dream it, or as we would have liked it to be, colonization of a terra nullius, a new world which looks just like the old one and is void of alien presence. We all know it was very different and at least sparsely populated everywhere.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image007.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"828\" height=\"670\" data-attachment-id=\"5657\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image007\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image007.png\" data-orig-size=\"828,670\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Catan\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image007-300x243.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image007.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image007.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5657\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image007.png 828w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image007-150x121.png 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image007-300x243.png 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image007-371x300.png 371w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 828px) 100vw, 828px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>The new world looks insistently like the old one.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image009.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"405\" data-attachment-id=\"5658\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image009\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image009.png\" data-orig-size=\"500,405\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Catan\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image009-300x243.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image009.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image009.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5658\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image009.png 500w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image009-150x122.png 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image009-300x243.png 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image009-370x300.png 370w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><em>This can be explained without resorting to some western fantasy or complex, only with simple game system necessities. In most development games, players start from scratch &#8211; two settlements and roads in <\/em>Catan<em>, a spouse and a wooden shack in <\/em>Agricola<em> &#8211; and slowly build their production engine, competing with each other. The appeal of these games, and the original appeal of <\/em>Settlers of Catan<em> because it was something relatively new in 1993, is that they are not about war but about peaceful competition in designing this engine.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image011.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"480\" height=\"480\" data-attachment-id=\"5659\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image011\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image011.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"480,480\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Archipelago\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image011-300x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image011.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image011.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5659\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image011.jpg 480w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image011-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image011-300x300.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>With Archipelago, Christophe Boelinger tried to design a colonization and development game in which the natives were present and had to be dealt with, not necessarily through force. The players, however, still represent the rival European powers. Trying to avoid caricature might also be one of the reasons for the extreme complexity of this game.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/pic3615739.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"584\" height=\"584\" data-attachment-id=\"12726\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/pic3615739-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/pic3615739.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"600,600\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"pic3615739\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/pic3615739-300x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/pic3615739-584x584.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/pic3615739-584x584.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12726\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/pic3615739-584x584.jpg 584w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/pic3615739-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/pic3615739-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/pic3615739.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>In R. Eric Reuss&#8217; Spirit Island, players are elemental spirits defending the natives against the colonizers. The reversal of perspecteive is deliberate and original, but one could argue that nature spirits are another orientalist clich\u00e9\u2026.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><em>The colonial setting can nevertheless be an issue, especially when it\u2019s plain and obvious. I remember a gamer friend recently telling me that he felt a bit uneasy playing <\/em>Endeavor<em> (but he never had any problem playing a war game, which is not surprising but raises some interesting questions). That\u2019s why <\/em>Catan<em>\u2019s name doesn\u2019t sound exotic, and that\u2019s why other \u00ab&nbsp;start from scratch&nbsp;\u00bb games have less problematic settings, such as prehistoric times or deep space <span style=\"text-decoration: line-through;\">colonization<\/span> expansion.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Deep and empty space<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em> Nevertheless, in space development games, players are usually alien rivals in a mostly empty space. In <\/em>Ad Astra<em>, a game partly inspired by <\/em>Catan<em> which I designed with Serge Laget, there are alien artifacts but they have been left by long forgotten civilizations.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image013.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"480\" height=\"482\" data-attachment-id=\"5660\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image013\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image013.png\" data-orig-size=\"480,482\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Ad Astra\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image013-300x300.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image013.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image013.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5660\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image013.png 480w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image013-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image013-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image013-299x300.png 299w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Colonising space.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image015.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" data-attachment-id=\"5661\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image015\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image015.png\" data-orig-size=\"500,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Star Trek Catan\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image015-300x300.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image015.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image015.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5661\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image015.png 500w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image015-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image015-300x300.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><em>If one wants to land, build a settlement, start planting crops and even develop a colonial empire, Mars makes for a more politically correct setting than Africa, even when it needs a little terraformation before any efficient colonization.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/first-martians.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" data-attachment-id=\"8508\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/08\/04\/dernieres-tendances-boardgame-fashion-trends\/first-martians\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/first-martians.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"First Martians\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/first-martians-300x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/first-martians.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/first-martians.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8508\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/first-martians.jpg 500w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/first-martians-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/first-martians-300x300.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>And terraforming Mars.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/terraforming-mars.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"584\" height=\"582\" data-attachment-id=\"10174\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2018\/12\/27\/lets-draft\/terraforming-mars-3\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/terraforming-mars.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"602,600\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"terraforming mars\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/terraforming-mars-300x299.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/terraforming-mars-584x582.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/terraforming-mars-584x582.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10174\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/terraforming-mars-584x582.jpg 584w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/terraforming-mars-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/terraforming-mars-300x299.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/terraforming-mars-301x300.jpg 301w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/terraforming-mars.jpg 602w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Dune.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"11140\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/dune\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Dune.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"438,600\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Dune\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Dune-263x360.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Dune-426x584.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Dune-426x584.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-11140\" width=\"216\" height=\"298\"\/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Dune2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"584\" height=\"584\" data-attachment-id=\"11141\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/dune2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Dune2.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"600,600\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Dune2\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Dune2-300x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Dune2-584x584.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Dune2-584x584.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-11141\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Dune2-584x584.jpg 584w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Dune2-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Dune2-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Dune2.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Of course, you can get both science-fiction and orientalist clich\u00e9s.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><em>As an interesting aside, there are also lots of game about industrial revolution. A designer like Martin Wallace has published dozens with rails or industry barons. Industry and railroad development games are all about riches getting richer, and there are not much more workers or navigators in them than natives in colonial development games &#8211; and this even when the working class is often at the center of English industrial novels. The Steampunk genre, which is an industrial revolution fantasy, is also becoming very popular with boardgames &#8211; more about it later. Once more, it\u2019s possible to find sound practical reasons explaining why game designers are so often using XIXth century economic growth, and its two main engines, industrialization and colonization, as a setting for games that are all about developing effective production engines. I should nevertheless set Sa\u00efd aside and reread Eric Hobsbawm\u2019s <\/em>Industry and Empire<em>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>Good old games<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>There might be technical reasons, but I think there\u2019s also something if not reactionary, at least romantic or backward looking in board games themes &#8211; much more than in video games themes.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>The novel form has now been assimilated and transformed in the formerly colonized world, by postcolonial authors such as Salman Rushdie &#8211; but we\u2019re still waiting for a postcolonial board or card game designer. Boardgame and card game design is not necessarily adverse to critics and subversion.&nbsp; The authors of <\/em>Cards Against Humanity<em> might be the William Burroughs of game design &#8211; but there\u2019s no Salman Rushdie, and boardgames are probably still one of the most typically western cultural forms &#8211; more about how Japanese tiny card games fit into this later.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>There is something old-fashioned, charming and romantic, not only in the themes and settings of boardgames, but also in their graphic style. See the covers of <\/em>Ticket to Ride<em> and <\/em>Settlers of Catan<em>, probably the two most influential typical board game designs of these last twenty years. Playing games has become a powerful anxiolytic in a western society which probably feels less secure than it did a few decades ago, and probably more in Europe in the USA. This might explain why board game sales are countercyclical, why game designers are mostly old white males (I\u2019m one), why game themes and looks sound so old-fashioned.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image017.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" data-attachment-id=\"5662\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image017\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image017.png\" data-orig-size=\"500,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Ticket to Ride\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image017-300x300.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image017.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image017.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5662\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image017.png 500w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image017-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image017-300x300.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image021.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"600\" data-attachment-id=\"5664\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image021\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image021.png\" data-orig-size=\"600,600\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Ticket to Ride\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image021-300x300.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image021.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image021.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5664\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image021.png 600w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image021-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image021-300x300.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Notice that European countries such as Switzerland, Netherlands and even the United Kingdom can receive an \u00ab&nbsp;exotic&nbsp;\u00bb treatment.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image019.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" data-attachment-id=\"5663\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image019\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image019.png\" data-orig-size=\"500,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Ticket to Ride\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image019-300x300.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image019.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image019.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5663\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image019.png 500w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image019-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image019-300x300.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image023-1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"434\" height=\"434\" data-attachment-id=\"5666\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image023-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image023-1.png\" data-orig-size=\"434,434\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Ticket to Ride\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image023-1-300x300.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image023-1.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image023-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5666\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image023-1.png 434w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image023-1-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image023-1-300x300.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 434px) 100vw, 434px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>There&#8217;s no Ticket to Ride Scotland, Spain, Russia or Italy, but these are also often treated as exotic settings.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Steampunk is a recent romantic, retro exotic and relatively harmless setting. It is interesting because it\u2019s mostly a gaming (and sartorial) universe. There\u2019s almost no steampunk music, there are few steampunk movies, there\u2019s little steampunk literature (even though everyone should read Thomas Pynchon\u2019s <\/em>Against the Day<em>), but there are lots of steampunk boardgames (and rpgs, and larps). Steampunk is not only victorian esthetic with shiny bronze and iron, it\u2019s also a reassuring world, in which good old european powers are still vying for control of the solar system &#8211; and natives on Mars, if any, can be ignored as Bruno Cathala and I did in <\/em>Mission Red Planet<em>. Well, I just added a \u00ab&nbsp;Native Resistance&nbsp;\u00bb discovery card, but it\u2019s an afterthought I had while writing this article.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image025.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"763\" height=\"1024\" data-attachment-id=\"5667\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image025\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image025.png\" data-orig-size=\"763,1024\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Onward to Venus\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image025-224x300.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image025-763x1024.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image025-763x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5667\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image025.png 763w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image025-112x150.png 112w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image025-224x300.png 224w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 763px) 100vw, 763px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image027.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"1000\" data-attachment-id=\"5668\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image027\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image027.png\" data-orig-size=\"1000,1000\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Mission: Red Planet\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Cover&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image027-300x300.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image027.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image027.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5668\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image027.png 1000w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image027-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image027-300x300.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><em>Onward to Venus and Mission : Plan\u00e8te Rouge, steampunk colonial games.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>Minimalism<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>So what when &#8220;orientals&#8221; start designing card and boardgames ?<br>A few years ago, I wrote an article about the many Japanese card games designed and published in Japan these last years, the best known probably being Seiji Kanai\u2019s <\/em>Love Letter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image029.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"424\" data-attachment-id=\"5669\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image029\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image029.png\" data-orig-size=\"600,424\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Love Letter\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image029-300x212.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image029.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image029.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5669\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image029.png 600w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image029-150x106.png 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image029-300x212.png 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image029-425x300.png 425w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image031.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5670\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image031\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image031.png\" data-orig-size=\"392,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Eat me if you can\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image031-235x300.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image031.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image031.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5670\" width=\"207\" height=\"270\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><em>&nbsp;My article was titled \u00ab&nbsp;Japanese Minimalism&nbsp;\u00bb. I suggested that some Japanese cultural atavism might be responsible for the specificities of these designs, mostly their tiny boxes, simple rules and few components. I made some comparisons with literature &#8211; Soseki and Kawabata &#8211; then added unwisely references to Japanese food and zen gardens, stuff I don\u2019t really know much about. I stopped just short of haikus and bonsais.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>My Japanese readers were if not shocked, at least amused. I was answered that Japanese Minimalism doesn\u2019t really exist, or at least is not an indigenous characteristic of Japanese culture but a western invention aimed at objectifying it &#8211; exactly what Sa\u00efd calls orientalism in his eponymous book, even when he never tells anything about Japan (for interesting reasons, which might be the same reasons why his books are immensely popular in Japan, but that&#8217;s another story). Of course, this critic was spot on, as a quick experiment can show: type \u00ab&nbsp;Japanese Minimalism&nbsp;\u00bb in Google, and you get mostly links to Californian architect studios and furniture stores.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/fake-artist.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"283\" height=\"500\" data-attachment-id=\"8156\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/09\/11\/quelques-decouvertes-recentes-some-recent-discoveries\/fake-artist-5\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/fake-artist.png\" data-orig-size=\"283,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"fake artist\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/fake-artist-170x300.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/fake-artist.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/fake-artist.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8156\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/fake-artist.png 283w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/fake-artist-85x150.png 85w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/fake-artist-170x300.png 170w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 283px) 100vw, 283px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Three games by Jun Sasaki, published by Oink Games.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/startups.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"285\" height=\"500\" data-attachment-id=\"8157\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/startups\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/startups.png\" data-orig-size=\"285,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"startups\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/startups-171x300.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/startups.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/startups.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8157\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/startups.png 285w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/startups-86x150.png 86w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/startups-171x300.png 171w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 285px) 100vw, 285px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>The minimalist look certainly helps to sell the games in the Western world,<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/deep-sea-adventure.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"284\" height=\"500\" data-attachment-id=\"8154\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/deep-sea-adventure-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/deep-sea-adventure.png\" data-orig-size=\"284,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"deep sea adventure\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/deep-sea-adventure-170x300.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/deep-sea-adventure.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/deep-sea-adventure.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8154\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/deep-sea-adventure.png 284w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/deep-sea-adventure-85x150.png 85w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/deep-sea-adventure-170x300.png 170w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 284px) 100vw, 284px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>even when it was not intended to.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Anyway, I was told the reasons for the minimalistic components of Japanese games were more trivial, due mostly to high printing costs and small markets, or may be even purely contingent, due to the personality of the first&nbsp;popular Japanese game designers. Following the steps of Seiji Kanai, Jun Sasaki has also specialized in these games with minimal rules and, even more, minimalistic components &#8211; and they sell very well in the west. These designers claim to have the same references as mine &#8211; <\/em>Settlers of Catan<em> (again), <\/em>Magic the Gathering<em>, etc &#8211; and not to make anything specifically Japanese. Actually, Seiji Kanai once told me that my <\/em>Dragon\u2019s Gold<em> was one of the games that lured him into game design, and I\u2019m quite proud of this. On the back of the box of the most minimalistic of these games, Jun&#8217;Ichi Sato&#8217;s <\/em>Eat me if you Can<em>, is even clearly written that it&#8217;s a &#8220;Eurogame&#8221;.&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>So much for the Japanese minimalist school of board game design. Of course, the fact all these designers don\u2019t intend to design specifically Japanese card games, but just small card games doesn\u2019t subtract anything from their talent.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>The question of \u201cJapanese Minimalism\u201d, however, is at least debated. The main reason why I didn\u2019t come across it when typing \u201cJapanese minimalism\u201d is that academic circles prefer to call it \u201cJapanese reductionism\u201d. The reference book of those who claim that such a thing really exists and is really Japanese is <\/em>Compact Culture<em>, by O-Young Lee &#8211; a Korean, just to make this a bit more intricate. This book doesn&#8217;t really come from the western world and, though it&#8217;s slightly too old to enter the discussion of postcolonialism as it was started by Sa\u00efd, it is in part concerned with similar issues. Interestingly, O-Young-Lee doesn&#8217;t reproach Japan as a colonizer with objectivizing Korean culture but with plainly ignoring it &#8211; and conveying this ignorance to the West. Indeed, Europeans have a very orientalist image of China and Japan, but don&#8217;t have any image at all of Korea, which is also largely ignored in boardgame settings.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image033.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"399\" height=\"500\" data-attachment-id=\"5671\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image033\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image033.png\" data-orig-size=\"399,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Koryo\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image033-239x300.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image033.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image033.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5671\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image033.png 399w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image033-120x150.png 120w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image033-239x300.png 239w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 399px) 100vw, 399px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Koryo, a card game from a Korean designer and a French publisher, with a very vaguely Korean-steampunk setting.<em>.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image035.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"713\" height=\"1024\" data-attachment-id=\"5672\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image035\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image035.png\" data-orig-size=\"713,1024\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"King&amp;#8217;s Pouch\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image035-209x300.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image035-713x1024.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image035-713x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5672\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image035.png 713w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image035-104x150.png 104w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image035-209x300.png 209w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 713px) 100vw, 713px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>The King&#8217;s Pouch, a Korean game which is probably not really &#8220;occidentalist&#8221;, but just trying very hard and quite successfully to look like a German game.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Wangdo.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"584\" height=\"581\" data-attachment-id=\"10100\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/wangdo\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Wangdo.png\" data-orig-size=\"603,600\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Wangdo\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Wangdo-300x299.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Wangdo-584x581.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Wangdo-584x581.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10100\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Wangdo-584x581.png 584w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Wangdo-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Wangdo-300x299.png 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Wangdo-302x300.png 302w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Wangdo.png 603w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Wangdo has a swiss designer, a chinese setting, a polish artist and a Korean publisher\u2026.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>Oriental Dream<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/yamatai-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"6966\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/yamatai-1\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/yamatai-1.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"960,717\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;2.4&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;iPad Air&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1430503183&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;3.3&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;400&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.066666666666667&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"yamatai\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/yamatai-1-300x224.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/yamatai-1.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/yamatai-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6966\" width=\"341\" height=\"255\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/yamatai-1.jpg 960w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/yamatai-1-150x112.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/yamatai-1-300x224.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/yamatai-1-402x300.jpg 402w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 341px) 100vw, 341px\" \/><\/a><figcaption> Bruno Cathala playtests with the publisher a boardgame with came caravans in ancient Egypt<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/yamatai-2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" data-attachment-id=\"6968\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/yamatai-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/yamatai-2.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"yamatai\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/yamatai-2-300x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/yamatai-2.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/yamatai-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6968\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/yamatai-2.jpg 500w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/yamatai-2-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/yamatai-2-300x300.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><em>Two years later, the published game, whose action takes place in the Japanese legendary kingdom of Yamatai.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><em>In <\/em>Orientalism<em>, Edward Said showed how the orientalist discourse, which he studied mostly in XIXth century novels but can be found in other cultural domains, created its own object, how a fantasy Orient became a part of the real Orient, and how this was embedded in the colonization ideology and process.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>As I said earlier, world literature has largely become postcolonial, and the same could probably be said of music (rap is something like postcolonial rock) and movies. There\u2019s nothing like this in games, and the image they show of the Orient is plain orientalist exoticism, of a kind that has mostly disappeared from literature, movies and even comics &#8211; though it&#8217;s still present in a few other very specific domains such as cooking or music.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image039.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"724\" height=\"724\" data-attachment-id=\"5674\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image039\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image039.png\" data-orig-size=\"724,724\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Five Tribes\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image039-300x300.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image039.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image039.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5674\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image039.png 724w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image039-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image039-300x300.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 724px) 100vw, 724px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/medina2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"366\" data-attachment-id=\"8688\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/09\/17\/le-bon-vieux-temps-du-jeu-a-lallemandefrom-the-good-old-times-of-german-style-eurogames\/medina2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/medina2.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,366\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Medina\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/medina2-300x220.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/medina2.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/medina2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8688\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/medina2.jpg 500w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/medina2-150x110.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/medina2-300x220.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/medina2-410x300.jpg 410w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Four recent &#8220;1001 nights&#8221; games. Notice the fonts and the buildings&#8217; bulb roofs.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/arabian-nights.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"731\" data-attachment-id=\"8201\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/arabian-nights\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/arabian-nights.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1000,731\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"arabian nights\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/arabian-nights-300x219.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/arabian-nights.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/arabian-nights.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8201\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/arabian-nights.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/arabian-nights-150x110.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/arabian-nights-300x219.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/arabian-nights-410x300.jpg 410w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image037.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5673\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image037\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image037.png\" data-orig-size=\"644,900\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Istanbul\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image037-215x300.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image037.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image037.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5673\" width=\"239\" height=\"338\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/morocco.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"228\" height=\"317\" data-attachment-id=\"6417\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/morocco\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/morocco.png\" data-orig-size=\"228,317\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Morocco\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/morocco-216x300.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/morocco.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/morocco.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6417\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/morocco.png 228w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/morocco-108x150.png 108w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/morocco-216x300.png 216w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 228px) 100vw, 228px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>These ones have a good accumulation of clich\u00e9s.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image041.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5675\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image041\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image041.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1024,675\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Alhambra\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image041-300x198.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image041-1024x675.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image041-1024x675.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5675\" width=\"323\" height=\"212\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image041.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image041-150x99.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image041-300x198.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image041-455x300.jpg 455w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 323px) 100vw, 323px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Alhambra&#8217;s cover, left, has a half veiled and sexy girl, dice players who seem to be bartering, probably a slave on the front right, and even a leopard \u2013 I doubt there were many in medieval Spain, where the action is supposed to take place.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image043.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"536\" height=\"717\" data-attachment-id=\"5676\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image043\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image043.png\" data-orig-size=\"536,717\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Sultaniya\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image043-224x300.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image043.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image043.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5676\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image043.png 536w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image043-112x150.png 112w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image043-224x300.png 224w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 536px) 100vw, 536px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/Sultaniya.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"551\" height=\"800\" data-attachment-id=\"8158\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/sultaniya-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/Sultaniya.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"551,800\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;4&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;Picasa&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;Canon PowerShot ELPH 300HS&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1404064358&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;7.249&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;160&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.033333333333333&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Sultaniya\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/Sultaniya-207x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/Sultaniya.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/Sultaniya.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8158\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/Sultaniya.jpg 551w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/Sultaniya-103x150.jpg 103w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/Sultaniya-207x300.jpg 207w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 551px) 100vw, 551px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Charles Chevalier presents his game Sultaniya at the French game festival Paris Est Ludique. He looks exactly like the guy on the Istanbul cover.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Have a look at the boxes of the hundreds of \u00ab&nbsp;oriental themed&nbsp;\u00bb games published every year. They usually look directly out either of a Gu\u00e9ricault painting, either of a popular geographic encyclopedia from the fifties. The Arab world has camels, sand dunes, silk or spice merchants, sometimes a djinn. Timeless India just has elephants instead of camels and the occasional tiger.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image045.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"499\" height=\"500\" data-attachment-id=\"5677\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image045\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image045.png\" data-orig-size=\"499,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Camel Up\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Cover&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image045-300x300.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image045.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image045.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5677\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image045.png 499w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image045-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image045-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image045-299x300.png 299w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 499px) 100vw, 499px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><em>Racing camels in Egypt.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image047.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" data-attachment-id=\"5678\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image047\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image047.png\" data-orig-size=\"1024,1024\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Formula E\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Cover&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image047-300x300.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image047.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image047.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5678\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image047.png 1024w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image047-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image047-300x300.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><em>Racing elephants in India.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><em>The most striking is probably Egypt, a really popular setting but with basically only two narratives, building&nbsp; pyramids and exploring pyramids (by the way, <\/em>Kheops<em>, by Serge Laget and me, has recently been republished). As for modern Egypt, or even modern Orient for what matters, it is totally absent from games. Of course, one of the reasons might be that contemporary orient is extremely complex, when boardgame settings have to be clear and simple \u2013 but isn\u2019t the \u201cComplex Orient\u201d another orientalist clich\u00e9 ?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/sobek.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"268\" height=\"500\" data-attachment-id=\"8192\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/sobek\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/sobek.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"268,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"sobek\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/sobek-161x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/sobek.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/sobek.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8192\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/sobek.jpg 268w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/sobek-80x150.jpg 80w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/sobek-161x300.jpg 161w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 268px) 100vw, 268px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/pyramid.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"8200\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/pyramid\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/pyramid.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,477\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"pyramid\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/pyramid-300x286.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/pyramid.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/pyramid.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8200\" width=\"342\" height=\"328\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/pyramid-150x143.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/pyramid-314x300.jpg 314w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 342px) 100vw, 342px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image049.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" data-attachment-id=\"5679\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image049\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image049.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Kheops\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Cover&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image049-300x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image049.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image049.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5679\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image049.jpg 500w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image049-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image049-300x300.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Some games about building the Egyptian pyramids. There are hundreds.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image051.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"497\" data-attachment-id=\"5680\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image051\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image051.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,497\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Imhotep\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image051-300x298.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image051.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image051.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5680\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image051.jpg 500w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image051-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image051-300x298.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image051-302x300.jpg 302w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Notice the scarab in Sobek&#8217;s title, and the characters&#8217; clothes in Ramses Pyramid, a children game.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><em>The far east can be very vaguely historicized, with seven or three kingdoms in China, with Daimyos and Samurais in Japan. Since most players &#8211; meaning western players, which are still the large majority &#8211; have no idea what this really means and cannot place the game\u2019s setting in a clear historical timeline, this is more akin for them to fantasy worlds than games about Egypt or Africa.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image053.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" data-attachment-id=\"5681\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image053\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image053.png\" data-orig-size=\"500,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Tokaido\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image053-300x300.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image053.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image053.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5681\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image053.png 500w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image053-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image053-300x300.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/kanagawa.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"256\" height=\"255\" data-attachment-id=\"6418\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/kanagawa\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/kanagawa.png\" data-orig-size=\"256,255\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Kanagawa\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/kanagawa.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/kanagawa.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/kanagawa.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6418\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/kanagawa.png 256w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/kanagawa-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 256px) 100vw, 256px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/senji.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" data-attachment-id=\"8380\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/senji\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/senji.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Senji\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/senji-300x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/senji.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/senji.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8380\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/senji.jpg 500w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/senji-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/senji-300x300.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image055.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"761\" height=\"616\" data-attachment-id=\"5682\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image055\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image055.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"761,616\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Haru Ichiban\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image055-300x243.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image055.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image055.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5682\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image055.jpg 761w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image055-150x121.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image055-300x243.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image055-371x300.jpg 371w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 761px) 100vw, 761px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/shinobi.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"497\" height=\"500\" data-attachment-id=\"3589\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2014\/05\/25\/les-petits-jeux-du-moment-light-games-im-playing\/shinobi\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/shinobi.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"497,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Shinobi Wat-Aah\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/shinobi-298x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/shinobi.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/shinobi.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3589\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/shinobi.jpg 497w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/shinobi-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/shinobi-298x300.jpg 298w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 497px) 100vw, 497px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/yamatai-2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" data-attachment-id=\"6968\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/yamatai-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/yamatai-2.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"yamatai\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/yamatai-2-300x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/yamatai-2.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/yamatai-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6968\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/yamatai-2.jpg 500w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/yamatai-2-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/yamatai-2-300x300.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Designers, artists and publishers are all french&#8230;<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image057.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5683\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image057\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image057.png\" data-orig-size=\"500,355\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Love Letter\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image057-300x213.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image057.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image057-300x213.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5683\" width=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image057-300x213.png 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image057-150x107.png 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image057-423x300.png 423w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image057.png 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Japanese games can even be \u00ab&nbsp;re-orientalized&nbsp;\u00bb for the western market, as in this US edition of Love Letter in a popular Japanese-style fantasy setting.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/rising-sun.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"584\" height=\"584\" data-attachment-id=\"11137\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/rising-sun-3\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/rising-sun.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"600,600\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"rising sun\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/rising-sun-300x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/rising-sun-584x584.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/rising-sun-584x584.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-11137\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/rising-sun-584x584.jpg 584w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/rising-sun-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/rising-sun-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/rising-sun.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Designers and publishers, even the most international and multicultural like CMON, don&#8217;t know much more about the settings they are using. That&#8217;s how a new-zealand farmer ended as a character in a Japanese mythos game.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/kotahi.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"255\" height=\"360\" data-attachment-id=\"11136\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/kotahi\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/kotahi.png\" data-orig-size=\"415,585\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"kotahi\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/kotahi-255x360.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/kotahi-414x584.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/kotahi-255x360.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-11136\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/kotahi-255x360.png 255w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/kotahi-106x150.png 106w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/kotahi-414x584.png 414w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/kotahi-213x300.png 213w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/kotahi.png 415w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 255px) 100vw, 255px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>You can read a full report of the fun &#8220;Kotahi affair&#8221; <a href=\"https:\/\/gofatherhood.com\/2018\/01\/cultural-appropriation-rising-sun-board-game\/\">there<\/a>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><em>In the twenties, the young Andr\u00e9 Malraux was arrested while smuggling antique bas reliefs stolen from a lost Khmer temple, and imprisoned. He later got involved in the anticolonialist movement in Vietnam, then in the Spanish war, then in the French Resistance during WWII, and ended as the unsackable minister of culture of Charles de Gaulle. I would have liked my friend Pier\u00f4 to represent the young Malraux fleeing from Angkor with some Khmer statue hidden under his gabardine, but unfortunately, that\u2019s what he had already made for Antoine Bauza\u2019s game <\/em>Bakong<em>. While orientalism was not an issue, it was impossible to represent Malraux with his unmovable cigarette, and this not only the US market but also now in France and most of Europe.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image059.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"498\" data-attachment-id=\"5684\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image059\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image059.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,498\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Thebes\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image059-300x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image059.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image059.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5684\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image059.jpg 500w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image059-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image059-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image059-301x300.jpg 301w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image061.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"726\" height=\"1024\" data-attachment-id=\"5685\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image061\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image061.png\" data-orig-size=\"726,1024\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Bakong\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image061-213x300.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image061-726x1024.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image061-726x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5685\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image061.png 726w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image061-106x150.png 106w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image061-213x300.png 213w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 726px) 100vw, 726px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><em>Exploring pyramids, discovering a lost temple, these are orientalist clich\u00e9s allowing for a representation of the westerner, as adventurer or archaeologist. It\u2019s a trick also much used in movies.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/incan-gold.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"367\" data-attachment-id=\"2628\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2013\/12\/05\/editeurs-auteurs-et-pour-une-fois-illustrateurs-publishers-designers-and-for-once-illustrators\/incan-gold\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/incan-gold.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,367\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"incan gold\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/incan-gold-300x220.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/incan-gold.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/incan-gold.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2628\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/incan-gold.jpg 500w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/incan-gold-300x220.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/incan-gold-408x300.jpg 408w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image063.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5686\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image063\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image063.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"340,489\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Malraux\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image063-209x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image063.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image063.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5686\" width=\"184\" height=\"274\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/eldorado.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"499\" data-attachment-id=\"8378\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/eldorado\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/eldorado.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,499\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"El Dorado\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/eldorado-300x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/eldorado.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/eldorado.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8378\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/eldorado.jpg 500w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/eldorado-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/eldorado-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/eldorado-301x300.jpg 301w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/06\/3278_95185464883_2195755_n.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"424\" data-attachment-id=\"1829\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/sample-page\/3278_95185464883_2195755_n\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/06\/3278_95185464883_2195755_n.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"600,424\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Pony Express cover\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/06\/3278_95185464883_2195755_n-300x212.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/06\/3278_95185464883_2195755_n.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/06\/3278_95185464883_2195755_n.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1829\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/06\/3278_95185464883_2195755_n.jpg 600w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/06\/3278_95185464883_2195755_n-300x212.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/06\/3278_95185464883_2195755_n-424x300.jpg 424w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/cover.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"960\" height=\"960\" data-attachment-id=\"4728\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2016\/03\/09\/waka-tanka\/cover-4\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/cover.png\" data-orig-size=\"960,960\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Waka Tanka\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/cover-300x300.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/cover.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/cover.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4728\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/cover.png 960w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/cover-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/cover-300x300.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>These four games have one thing in comme &#8211; European designers, illustrators and publishers. For us, Europeans, the (American) west is just another east.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/adios-amigos.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"6972\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/adios-amigos\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/adios-amigos.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"375,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"adios amigos\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/adios-amigos-225x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/adios-amigos.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/adios-amigos.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6972\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/adios-amigos.jpg 375w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/adios-amigos-113x150.jpg 113w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/adios-amigos-225x300.jpg 225w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 375px) 100vw, 375px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/flick-em-up.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"463\" data-attachment-id=\"8205\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/flick-em-up\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/flick-em-up.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,463\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"flick em up\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/flick-em-up-300x278.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/flick-em-up.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/flick-em-up.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8205\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/flick-em-up.jpg 500w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/flick-em-up-150x139.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/flick-em-up-300x278.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/flick-em-up-324x300.jpg 324w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><em>The exotic doesn\u2019t need to be very far away \u2013 for German game designers, the nearby Italy is almost Africa, and the most exotic about Italy is its cooking, and especially pizzas. Spain also sometimes receives a similar treatment<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image065.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5687\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image065\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image065.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"388,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Mamma Mia!\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image065-233x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image065.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image065.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5687\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image065.jpg 388w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image065-116x150.jpg 116w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image065-233x300.jpg 233w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 388px) 100vw, 388px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image069.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" data-attachment-id=\"5689\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image069\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image069.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Safranito\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image069-300x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image069.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image069.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5689\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image069.jpg 500w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image069-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image069-300x300.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Safranito derives from carom, a traditional Indian game, so it must have an Indian setting. It is, however, themed about cooking, so it should also have an Italian sounding name. The result is confusing\u2026<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><em>An interesting aside here is the impressive number of games about Venice, either the historical one or a fantasy one like Cadwallon or Tempest. There are probably more games about Venice than about all other Italian cities together. Once more, there may be some trivial and technical reasons, mostly that the canals allow for a simple and clear division in districts, for nice rules about bridges, for different movement rules on land and water, carnival masks make for mysteries and secret identities, etc. But there\u2019s something more &#8211; the fantasy Serenissima, if not the real one, has long been half oriental, the place where ships left for Constantinople, the city of Shylock and Othello, and the venetian dream is, in the literary tradition, an euphemized version of the oriental dream.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image071.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"473\" data-attachment-id=\"5690\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image071\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image071.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,473\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Inkognito\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image071-300x284.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image071.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image071.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5690\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image071.jpg 500w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image071-150x142.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image071-300x284.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image071-317x300.jpg 317w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Fantasy and even more fantasy Venice.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image073.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" data-attachment-id=\"5691\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image073\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image073.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Dominare\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image073-300x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image073.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image073.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5691\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image073.jpg 500w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image073-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image073-300x300.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>Septentrionalism<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image075.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" data-attachment-id=\"5692\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image075\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image075.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Jorvik\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image075-300x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image075.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image075.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5692\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image075.jpg 500w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image075-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image075-300x300.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/vikings.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"368\" data-attachment-id=\"8221\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/vikings-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/vikings.png\" data-orig-size=\"500,368\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"vikings\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/vikings-300x221.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/vikings.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/vikings.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8221\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/vikings.png 500w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/vikings-150x110.png 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/vikings-300x221.png 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/vikings-408x300.png 408w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image077.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5693\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image077\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image077.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"709,1024\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Isle of Skye\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image077-208x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image077-709x1024.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image077-709x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5693\" height=\"350\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image077.jpg 709w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image077-104x150.jpg 104w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image077-208x300.jpg 208w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 709px) 100vw, 709px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/inis.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"584\" height=\"406\" data-attachment-id=\"10175\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2018\/12\/27\/lets-draft\/inis-3\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/inis.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"862,600\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"inis\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/inis-300x209.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/inis-584x406.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/inis-584x406.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10175\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/inis-584x406.jpg 584w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/inis-150x104.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/inis-300x209.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/inis-431x300.jpg 431w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/inis.jpg 862w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Exotism is not just orientalism. There is also an old hyperborean dream in western culture, resulting on a \u201cseptentrionalism\u201d which feels quite similar with orientalism. It can be seen in games about Scandinavia (drakkars, Vikings, horned helmets and alcohol) or Scotland (sheep, men in kilts, bagpipes and much whisky), or even a fantasy Ireland full of fairies. Sa\u00efd had already noticed that his orientalist paradigm could be applied to a place like Ireland, and the Swedish historian Gunnar Broberg has since coined the word borealism to describe the orientalism of the north.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/costa-ruana.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"10464\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/costa-ruana\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/costa-ruana.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"450,600\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"costa ruana\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/costa-ruana-270x360.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/costa-ruana-438x584.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/costa-ruana-270x360.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10464\" height=\"340\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/costa-ruana-270x360.jpg 270w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/costa-ruana-113x150.jpg 113w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/costa-ruana-438x584.jpg 438w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/costa-ruana-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/costa-ruana.jpg 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 270px) 100vw, 270px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/bagpipes.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"584\" height=\"412\" data-attachment-id=\"10465\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/bagpipes\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/bagpipes.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"850,600\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"bagpipes\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/bagpipes-300x212.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/bagpipes-584x412.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/bagpipes-584x412.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10465\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/bagpipes-584x412.jpg 584w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/bagpipes-150x106.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/bagpipes-300x212.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/bagpipes-425x300.jpg 425w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/bagpipes.jpg 850w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Two equally exotic russian boardgames. Costa Ruana has a vague setting, somewhere between Polynesia, Australia and South-America. Swords and Bagpipes takes place in Scotland, with Thanes pkaying bagpipes and waiting for the best moment to betray and join the King of England.&nbsp;<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><em>This is even more obvious with the Inuit, which is why they are less and less pictured in games &#8211; not even in Europe where their image is not \u201cassimilated\u201d like that of plain Indians, as I will explain later.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/break-the-ice-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"639\" data-attachment-id=\"8125\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/break-the-ice-1\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/break-the-ice-1.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"700,639\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"break the ice 1\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/break-the-ice-1-300x274.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/break-the-ice-1.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/break-the-ice-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8125\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/break-the-ice-1.jpg 700w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/break-the-ice-1-150x137.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/break-the-ice-1-300x274.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/break-the-ice-1-329x300.jpg 329w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>The Inuit in this old edition of Break the Ice has been replaced in modern edition with a bear, or in this (far superior) hexagonal variant with a penguin.&nbsp;<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/H880ca8fc2d6c42be9a8539c4a3093518X_989dbe36-efb4-4406-b39f-63a35497cd26_large.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"480\" height=\"480\" data-attachment-id=\"12731\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/h880ca8fc2d6c42be9a8539c4a3093518x_989dbe36-efb4-4406-b39f-63a35497cd26_large\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/H880ca8fc2d6c42be9a8539c4a3093518X_989dbe36-efb4-4406-b39f-63a35497cd26_large.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"480,480\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"H880ca8fc2d6c42be9a8539c4a3093518X_989dbe36-efb4-4406-b39f-63a35497cd26_large\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/H880ca8fc2d6c42be9a8539c4a3093518X_989dbe36-efb4-4406-b39f-63a35497cd26_large-300x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/H880ca8fc2d6c42be9a8539c4a3093518X_989dbe36-efb4-4406-b39f-63a35497cd26_large.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/H880ca8fc2d6c42be9a8539c4a3093518X_989dbe36-efb4-4406-b39f-63a35497cd26_large.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12731\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/H880ca8fc2d6c42be9a8539c4a3093518X_989dbe36-efb4-4406-b39f-63a35497cd26_large.jpg 480w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/H880ca8fc2d6c42be9a8539c4a3093518X_989dbe36-efb4-4406-b39f-63a35497cd26_large-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/H880ca8fc2d6c42be9a8539c4a3093518X_989dbe36-efb4-4406-b39f-63a35497cd26_large-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>Abstract and exotic<br><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Even abstract games often have a setting, which is little more than a nice name and a graphic style, and these settings are usually exotic. It\u2019s not a new thing. When, in XIXth century Germany, someone had the great idea to adapt the Halma game to a star shaped board, he called it Chinese Checkers. It is still known by that name, ironically even in China\u2026.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/tsuro.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"325\" height=\"325\" data-attachment-id=\"6419\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/tsuro\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/tsuro.png\" data-orig-size=\"325,325\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Tsuro\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/tsuro-300x300.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/tsuro.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/tsuro.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6419\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/tsuro.png 325w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/tsuro-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/tsuro-300x300.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 325px) 100vw, 325px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/tao-long-web-mockup.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"927\" data-attachment-id=\"8273\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/tao-long-web-mockup\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/tao-long-web-mockup.png\" data-orig-size=\"1000,927\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Tao Long\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/tao-long-web-mockup-300x278.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/tao-long-web-mockup.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/tao-long-web-mockup.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8273\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/tao-long-web-mockup.png 1000w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/tao-long-web-mockup-150x139.png 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/tao-long-web-mockup-300x278.png 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/tao-long-web-mockup-324x300.png 324w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/tayu.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"325\" height=\"325\" data-attachment-id=\"6420\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/tayu\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/tayu.png\" data-orig-size=\"325,325\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Tayu\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/tayu-300x300.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/tayu.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/tayu.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6420\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/tayu.png 325w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/tayu-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/tayu-300x300.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 325px) 100vw, 325px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><br><em>Abstract Asia is full of dragons, but it\u2019s not always easy to decide if they\u2019re Chinese or Japanese.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/loyang.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"246\" height=\"345\" data-attachment-id=\"6421\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/loyang\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/loyang.png\" data-orig-size=\"246,345\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Loyang\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/loyang-214x300.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/loyang.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/loyang.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6421\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/loyang.png 246w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/loyang-107x150.png 107w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/loyang-214x300.png 214w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 246px) 100vw, 246px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/agra.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"8379\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/agra\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/agra.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"733,1024\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Agra\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/agra-215x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/agra-733x1024.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/agra-733x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8379\" width=\"263\" height=\"369\"\/><\/a><figcaption><em>China and India, sometimes Japan, are usual settings for abstract trading games which could have almost any setting.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/year-of-the-dragon.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"246\" height=\"338\" data-attachment-id=\"6422\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/year-of-the-dragon\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/year-of-the-dragon.png\" data-orig-size=\"246,338\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"In the Year of the Dragon\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/year-of-the-dragon-218x300.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/year-of-the-dragon.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/year-of-the-dragon.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6422\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/year-of-the-dragon.png 246w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/year-of-the-dragon-109x150.png 109w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/year-of-the-dragon-218x300.png 218w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 246px) 100vw, 246px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/ryu.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" data-attachment-id=\"6423\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/ryu\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/ryu.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Ryu\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/ryu-300x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/ryu.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/ryu.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6423\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/ryu.jpg 500w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/ryu-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/ryu-300x300.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><em>Here, we&#8217;re both in Japan and on another planet.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><em>China and Japan are still the most frequent exotic theme for western abstract strategy games. There also a few Vikings &#8211; runes have a nice abstract look &#8211; and sometimes American Indians, especially in games from the seventies and eighties, or Polynesians in more recent games.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/taluva.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"359\" height=\"500\" data-attachment-id=\"8387\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/taluva\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/taluva.png\" data-orig-size=\"359,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Taluva\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/taluva-215x300.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/taluva.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/taluva.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8387\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/taluva.png 359w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/taluva-108x150.png 108w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/taluva-215x300.png 215w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 359px) 100vw, 359px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/wigwam.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"457\" data-attachment-id=\"8159\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wigwam\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/wigwam.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,457\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"wigwam\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/wigwam-300x274.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/wigwam.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/wigwam.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8159\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/wigwam.jpg 500w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/wigwam-150x137.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/wigwam-300x274.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/wigwam-328x300.jpg 328w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/haleakala.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"373\" height=\"500\" data-attachment-id=\"8388\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/haleakala\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/haleakala.png\" data-orig-size=\"373,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Haleakala\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/haleakala-224x300.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/haleakala.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/haleakala.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8388\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/haleakala.png 373w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/haleakala-112x150.png 112w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/haleakala-224x300.png 224w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 373px) 100vw, 373px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><em>If this game from the seventies were to be published today, it would probably have a Japanese or Chinese setting.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>&nbsp;Organic and ironic orientalism<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>You may have noticed that I&#8217;ve discussed Japan twice. So where exactly is orientalism ? What are the true orientalist clich\u00e9s, Samurais and geishas, or minimalism, robots, cosplay and giant lizards ? There is a big difference, which I think has been often missed by Said, between old orientalist clich\u00e9s which have become an organic part of western culture and are referred as such, sometimes ironically, and more recent ones which are more likely to be taken at face value. When using the word orientalism, we usually refer to the former ones, when the most problematic are probably the latter. Samurais and geishas, like pharaohs or maharajas, like indians and cowboys, have become a kind of organic orientalism, always more or less ironically self-referential. When using these images, the reference is not really to the other, but to the clich\u00e9 itself. The mockery, if there&#8217;s one, is more likely to be of exoticism itself than of the supposed exotic. Things are much more ambiguous when using more recent clich\u00e9s, like robots, giant lizards and high school girls in skirts, or supposedly &#8220;timeless&#8221; features, like minimalism. Clich\u00e9s, like other ideas, must never be considered ex abstracto, out of historical and cultural context. The same graphic style doesn\u2019t have the same meaning on contemporary boardgame boxes and in popular encyclopedias from the fifties. It can also have different meanings in Europe and in the US, as we will see with American Indians.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image079.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5694\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image079\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image079.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"345,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Mai Star\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image079-207x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image079.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image079.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5694\" width=\"242\" height=\"354\"\/><\/a><figcaption><em>The Japanese themselves can use orientalist clich\u00e9s, like Seiji Kanai does in Mai Star. It&#8217;s certainly ironic here, but there is also an ambiguous trend towards &#8220;self-orientalism&#8221; in contemporary Japanese culture, and not only for export. Of the Japanese and US edition of Mai Star, I don\u2019t know which one looks the most orientalist. Kota Nakayama\u2019s Hanamikoji is an even more complex case \u2013the designer is Japanese, but the publisher and illustrator are Taiwanese.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image081.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"355\" data-attachment-id=\"5695\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image081\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image081.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,355\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Mai Star\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image081-300x213.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image081.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image081.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5695\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image081.jpg 500w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image081-150x107.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image081-300x213.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image081-423x300.jpg 423w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/hanamikoji.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"344\" height=\"500\" data-attachment-id=\"6427\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/hanamikoji-3\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/hanamikoji.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"344,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Hanamikoji\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/hanamikoji-206x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/hanamikoji.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/hanamikoji.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6427\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/hanamikoji.jpg 344w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/hanamikoji-103x150.jpg 103w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/hanamikoji-206x300.jpg 206w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 344px) 100vw, 344px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image083.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"487\" height=\"500\" data-attachment-id=\"5696\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image083\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image083.png\" data-orig-size=\"487,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"King of Tokyo\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image083-292x300.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image083.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image083.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5696\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image083.png 487w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image083-146x150.png 146w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image083-292x300.png 292w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 487px) 100vw, 487px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Anyway, when dealing with Japan, this is the true orientalism\u2026.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/kaiju-incorporated-bg.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"8150\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/kaiju-incorporated-bg\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/kaiju-incorporated-bg.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"260,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"kaiju incorporated\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/kaiju-incorporated-bg-156x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/kaiju-incorporated-bg.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/kaiju-incorporated-bg.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8150\" width=\"209\" height=\"409\"\/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image085.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" data-attachment-id=\"5697\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image085\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image085.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"King of Tokyo\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image085-300x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image085.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image085.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5697\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image085.jpg 500w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image085-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image085-300x300.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>and it can even be exported into Japan !<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-medium\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/sentai-cats.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"202\" height=\"300\" data-attachment-id=\"8381\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/sentai-cats-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/sentai-cats.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"337,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Sentai Cats\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/sentai-cats-202x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/sentai-cats.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/sentai-cats-202x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8381\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/sentai-cats-202x300.jpg 202w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/sentai-cats-101x150.jpg 101w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/sentai-cats.jpg 337w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 202px) 100vw, 202px\" \/><\/a><figcaption> Japan&#8217;s image being both extremely oriental and extremely modern, it makes for unique, and often ironic, combinations of orientalism and science-fiction. <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Interestingly, the German game publisher which makes the most systematical use of oriental settings and orientalist graphics, with lots of ochers, yellows and oranges, the publisher of <\/em>Shogun, Maharani, Sultan, Alhambra, Thebes, Kairo<em> and many other is Queen Games, whose head, Rajive Gupta, is not exactly your typical German.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Citadels-Dej-cover-600.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"600\" data-attachment-id=\"9220\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/?attachment_id=9220\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Citadels-Dej-cover-600.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"600,600\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Citadels &amp;#8211; Dej &amp;#8211; cover 600\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;The persian edition of Citadels.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Citadels-Dej-cover-600-300x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Citadels-Dej-cover-600.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Citadels-Dej-cover-600.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9220\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Citadels-Dej-cover-600.jpg 600w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Citadels-Dej-cover-600-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Citadels-Dej-cover-600-300x300.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>The Iranian version of my game Citadels, with art by Hassan Nozadian, would probably have been considered extremely orientalist in the West, and the Merchant picture might have been considered a borderline caricature..<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Citadels-Dej-Merchant.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"362\" height=\"520\" data-attachment-id=\"9225\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2018\/07\/08\/une-citadelle-en-persea-citadel-in-persia\/citadels-dej-merchant\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Citadels-Dej-Merchant.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"362,520\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Citadels &amp;#8211; Dej &amp;#8211; Merchant\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Citadels-Dej-Merchant-209x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Citadels-Dej-Merchant.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Citadels-Dej-Merchant.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Citadels-Dej-Merchant.jpg 362w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Citadels-Dej-Merchant-104x150.jpg 104w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Citadels-Dej-Merchant-209x300.jpg 209w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 362px) 100vw, 362px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Though it didn\u2019t sell that well, <\/em>Isla Dorada<em> is one of my favorite designs. It has all the orientalist clich\u00e9s, and more. My original prototype had a rather bland theme, with mediaeval merchants traveling through a vast country, buying here and selling there. The publisher found this a bit bland, and we decided for something more exciting \u2013&nbsp; an orientalist mishmash with deliberate exotic clich\u00e9s in a Tarzan comics style. The published game is Victorian steampunk, and the action takes place on a remote island where we can see the ruins of no less than four old civilizations \u2013 so we have Egyptian pyramids, and places with names ending in is, a mix of Polynesian villages and Pascuan statues, with names such as Wahi-Waha and Vanu-Tabu, Mayan pyramids with Aztec sounding names. The only reason why the last civilization sounds vaguely Indonesian is that it made for more funny names ending in ing or ang, but the monuments look more like Khmer. For gameplay reasons, the&nbsp; names of the places had to suggest immediately to what cultural area they belong. No China or Black Africa, but we made for it through event cards, with killer pandas and black savage tribes roaming the island, and we added a Baron Samedi for the Caribbean Voodoo. However, I remember that we considered a long lost cut limb of the Roman Empire for the fourth culture, and that at least one prototype version of the game had places with funny names in us and um instead of ing and ang. This was not very different.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image087.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"1000\" data-attachment-id=\"5698\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image087\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image087.png\" data-orig-size=\"1000,1000\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Isla Dorada\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Cover&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image087-300x300.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image087.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image087.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5698\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image087.png 1000w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image087-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image087-300x300.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/neta-tanka.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"584\" height=\"584\" data-attachment-id=\"9796\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/neta-tanka\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/neta-tanka.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"629,630\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"neta tanka\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/neta-tanka-300x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/neta-tanka-584x584.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/neta-tanka-584x584.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9796\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/neta-tanka-584x584.jpg 584w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/neta-tanka-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/neta-tanka-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/neta-tanka.jpg 629w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Iy Isla Dorada, and another game which, in a more serious way, deliberately mixes evrything to defuse orientalism, Neka-Tanka.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/ancient-world.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"584\" height=\"584\" data-attachment-id=\"10467\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/ancient-world\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/ancient-world.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"600,600\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"ancient world\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/ancient-world-300x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/ancient-world-584x584.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/ancient-world-584x584.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10467\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/ancient-world-584x584.jpg 584w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/ancient-world-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/ancient-world-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/ancient-world.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>TThe Ancient World, with art by its author, is supposed to be in a fantasy world which is actually a clever mix of many ancient cultures.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image089.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" data-attachment-id=\"5699\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image089\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image089.png\" data-orig-size=\"500,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Tzolk&amp;#8217;in\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image089-300x300.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image089.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image089.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5699\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image089.png 500w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image089-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image089-300x300.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><em>Tzolkin brings anothr kind of irony,&nbsp; Hamlet and the crystal skull.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Orientalism as described by Sa\u00efd is an ideological discourse which gets his strength from the fact that it\u2019s supposed to describe the reality, the truth, of the Orient it invents. Boardgames, like French comics such as <\/em>Asterix<em>, or <\/em>Iznogoud<em> if you want something \u201corientalist\u201d, are not scholarly works. They don\u2019t have the slightest aim or pretense at \u201ctruth\u201d. Klaus Teuber, the designer of <\/em>Catan<em>, didn\u2019t want to tell us that the New World was empty when Europeans arrived there, and no gamer ever thought it was so. I know quite well that there are not daily elephant races in Indian cities \u2013 well, may-be there are some here or there, I didn\u2019t even check because in Formula E, I tried to be true to the clich\u00e9, not to the reality. In a way, exoticism in boardgames, like in comics, is always more or less ironical \u2013 though may-be we should sometimes make this more obvious.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>Occidentalism<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>There is also, especially in China and Japan, two countries which have never been entirely colonized, an &#8220;occientalist&#8221; tradition. Japanese occidentalism can be seen, for example, in some of Miyazaki&#8217;s movies, or even just in a character like Super Mario. Japanese game designers and publishers are now becoming global, with Korean and Chinese ones soon following suit. As a result, the first &#8220;occidentalist&#8221; boardgames are hitting what is now a global market. They usually have tall blue eyed Europeans with wild hairstyles. I have worked, for a US publisher, on the new edition of a japanese game, Greedy Kingdoms, by Hayato Kisaragi. Interestingly, the publisher decided to keep the original art, and even to order new art from the same Japanese studio. The result is definitely \u00ab&nbsp;occidentalist&nbsp;\u00bb, the setting being western Middle-Ages as imagined and drawn in Japan. Seen from Europe, it is cute and fun, with a mix of buildings and costumes from very different periods (and hairstyles from none at all), and even a courtesan who looks like a cheerleader. <br><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/greedy-kingdoms.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"584\" height=\"435\" data-attachment-id=\"12089\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/?attachment_id=12089\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/greedy-kingdoms.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"584,435\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"greedy-kingdoms\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/greedy-kingdoms-300x223.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/greedy-kingdoms.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/greedy-kingdoms.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12089\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/greedy-kingdoms.jpg 584w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/greedy-kingdoms-300x223.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/greedy-kingdoms-150x112.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/greedy-kingdoms-403x300.jpg 403w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><em>&nbsp; &nbsp;<br><\/em>Two examples of Japanese exotiscism. Lost Legacy \u2013 Hundred years wars, is pure Occidentalism. It has a yellow haired medieval knight next to a hobbit like character with a wizard\u2019s hat and the statue of a siren.&nbsp;<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/lost-legacy.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"6428\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/lost-legacy-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/lost-legacy.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"284,384\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Lost Legacy\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/lost-legacy-222x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/lost-legacy.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/lost-legacy.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6428\" width=\"239\" height=\"327\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/cinecitta.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"10124\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/cinecitta\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/cinecitta.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1461,1989\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"cinecitta\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/cinecitta-264x360.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/cinecitta-429x584.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/cinecitta-429x584.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10124\" width=\"217\" height=\"301\"\/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/tanto-cuore.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"213\" data-attachment-id=\"10116\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/tanto-cuore\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/tanto-cuore.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"400,213\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"tanto cuore\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/tanto-cuore-300x160.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/tanto-cuore.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/tanto-cuore.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10116\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/tanto-cuore.jpg 400w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/tanto-cuore-150x80.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/tanto-cuore-300x160.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>In China, the archetypal exotic Europe is Italy. In Japan, there can be some confusion between Italy and Germany.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/tanto-cuore.jpg\"> &nbsp;<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Venice-Vendetta.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"400\" data-attachment-id=\"10833\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/venice-vendetta\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Venice-Vendetta.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"400,400\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Venice Vendetta\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Venice-Vendetta-300x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Venice-Vendetta.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Venice-Vendetta.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10833\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Venice-Vendetta.jpg 400w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Venice-Vendetta-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Venice-Vendetta-300x300.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Venice is convenient &#8211; it&#8217;s exotic for everyone !<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/burano.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"415\" height=\"584\" data-attachment-id=\"10117\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/burano-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/burano.png\" data-orig-size=\"426,600\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"burano\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/burano-256x360.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/burano-415x584.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/burano-415x584.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10117\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/burano-415x584.png 415w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/burano-107x150.png 107w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/burano-256x360.png 256w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/burano-213x300.png 213w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/burano.png 426w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 415px) 100vw, 415px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>Colonizing the past<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>There is an obvious and apparently valid point against most of what I\u2019ve said so far &#8211; there are many games about the timeless Orient, but there are even more about some specific periods of western history, like ancient Rome or the Middle Ages.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image093.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"344\" height=\"500\" data-attachment-id=\"5701\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image093\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image093.png\" data-orig-size=\"344,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Carcassonne\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image093-206x300.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image093.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image093.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5701\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image093.png 344w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image093-103x150.png 103w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image093-206x300.png 206w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 344px) 100vw, 344px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/carcassonne_south_seas.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"417\" height=\"600\" data-attachment-id=\"8216\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/carcassonne_south_seas\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/carcassonne_south_seas.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"417,600\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"carcassonne south seas\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/carcassonne_south_seas-209x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/carcassonne_south_seas.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/carcassonne_south_seas.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8216\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/carcassonne_south_seas.jpg 417w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/carcassonne_south_seas-104x150.jpg 104w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/carcassonne_south_seas-209x300.jpg 209w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 417px) 100vw, 417px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>A few versions of Carcassonne,<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/carcassonne-amazonas.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"344\" height=\"500\" data-attachment-id=\"8213\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/carcassonne-amazonas\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/carcassonne-amazonas.png\" data-orig-size=\"344,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"carcassonne amazonas\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/carcassonne-amazonas-206x300.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/carcassonne-amazonas.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/carcassonne-amazonas.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8213\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/carcassonne-amazonas.png 344w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/carcassonne-amazonas-103x150.png 103w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/carcassonne-amazonas-206x300.png 206w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 344px) 100vw, 344px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/carcassonne-hunters.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"351\" height=\"500\" data-attachment-id=\"8217\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/carcassonne-hunters\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/carcassonne-hunters.png\" data-orig-size=\"351,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"carcassonne hunters\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/carcassonne-hunters-211x300.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/carcassonne-hunters.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/carcassonne-hunters.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8217\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/carcassonne-hunters.png 351w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/carcassonne-hunters-105x150.png 105w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/carcassonne-hunters-211x300.png 211w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 351px) 100vw, 351px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>differently exotic. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/carcassonne-gold-rush.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"452\" height=\"651\" data-attachment-id=\"8215\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/carcassonne-gold-rush\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/carcassonne-gold-rush.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"452,651\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"carcassonne gold rush\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/carcassonne-gold-rush-208x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/carcassonne-gold-rush.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/carcassonne-gold-rush.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8215\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/carcassonne-gold-rush.jpg 452w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/carcassonne-gold-rush-104x150.jpg 104w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/carcassonne-gold-rush-208x300.jpg 208w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 452px) 100vw, 452px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/carcassonne-discovery.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"344\" height=\"500\" data-attachment-id=\"8218\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/carcassonne-discovery\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/carcassonne-discovery.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"344,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"carcassonne discovery\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/carcassonne-discovery-206x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/carcassonne-discovery.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/carcassonne-discovery.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8218\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/carcassonne-discovery.jpg 344w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/carcassonne-discovery-103x150.jpg 103w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/carcassonne-discovery-206x300.jpg 206w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 344px) 100vw, 344px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>It sold as well as Catan.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/carcassonne.jpg\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/carcassonne.jpg\"><\/a><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/traders-of-carthage.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"389\" height=\"584\" data-attachment-id=\"9709\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/traders-of-carthage\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/traders-of-carthage.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,750\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"traders of carthage\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/traders-of-carthage-240x360.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/traders-of-carthage-389x584.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/traders-of-carthage-389x584.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9709\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/traders-of-carthage-389x584.jpg 389w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/traders-of-carthage-100x150.jpg 100w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/traders-of-carthage-240x360.jpg 240w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/traders-of-carthage-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/traders-of-carthage.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 389px) 100vw, 389px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Two versions of the very same game. The first edition, Traders of Carthage, used the setting chosen by the Japanese designer.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/traders-of-osaka.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"377\" height=\"584\" data-attachment-id=\"9710\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/traders-of-osaka\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/traders-of-osaka.png\" data-orig-size=\"493,764\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"traders of osaka\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/traders-of-osaka-232x360.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/traders-of-osaka-377x584.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/traders-of-osaka-377x584.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9710\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/traders-of-osaka-377x584.png 377w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/traders-of-osaka-97x150.png 97w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/traders-of-osaka-232x360.png 232w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/traders-of-osaka-194x300.png 194w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/traders-of-osaka.png 493w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 377px) 100vw, 377px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><em>When the game needed a reptint, the US publisher decided to move it to Japan. Two equivalent and reciprocal kinds of exoticism.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/siam.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"582\" height=\"584\" data-attachment-id=\"9720\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/siam\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/siam.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"897,900\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"siam\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/siam-300x301.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/siam-582x584.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/siam-582x584.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9720\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/siam-582x584.jpg 582w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/siam-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/siam-300x301.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/siam-299x300.jpg 299w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/siam.jpg 897w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 582px) 100vw, 582px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><em>Same story : two successive versions of the same game. The King of Siam became King of England.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/king-is-dead.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"425\" height=\"550\" data-attachment-id=\"9721\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/king-is-dead\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/king-is-dead.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"425,550\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"king is dead\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/king-is-dead-278x360.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/king-is-dead.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/king-is-dead.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9721\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/king-is-dead.jpg 425w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/king-is-dead-116x150.jpg 116w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/king-is-dead-278x360.jpg 278w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/king-is-dead-232x300.jpg 232w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 425px) 100vw, 425px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><em>&nbsp;The fantasy idea we have of some historical periods is not very different from the fantasy idea we have, or had, of other parts of the world. Far away times are like far away places &#8211; naive, simple, vaguely perverse and, of course, backwards. Orientalism and history, or at least history as it was invented in the XIXth century, were very similar fields of study, inspired by romanticism, and characterized both by a fascination for the alien and a necessity to objectivize it in order to construct it as a field of study, and to assert western, or modern, superiority. In France, as in many European countries, history and geography are still taught together in school, by the same teachers, as if past and foreign were interchangeable. The XIXth century painters singled out by Sa\u00efd for their orientalism, such as G\u00e9r\u00f4me and G\u00e9ricault, were also much fond of mythological and historical settings. In 1904, Victor Segalen started his reflections on exoticism by noting that there is a parallel&nbsp; between far away in space, exoticism, and far away in time, which he called historicism. Since this word now has a different meaning, let\u2019s talk of \u201chistorical exoticism\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image091.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"348\" height=\"500\" data-attachment-id=\"5700\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image091\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image091.png\" data-orig-size=\"348,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Pompeii\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image091-209x300.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image091.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image091.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5700\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image091.png 348w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image091-104x150.png 104w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image091-209x300.png 209w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 348px) 100vw, 348px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Pompei, Carcassonne, Florence.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image093.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"344\" height=\"500\" data-attachment-id=\"5701\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image093\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image093.png\" data-orig-size=\"344,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Carcassonne\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image093-206x300.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image093.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image093.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5701\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image093.png 344w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image093-103x150.png 103w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image093-206x300.png 206w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 344px) 100vw, 344px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>The place gives the time.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image095.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"354\" height=\"500\" data-attachment-id=\"5702\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image095\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image095.png\" data-orig-size=\"354,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Princes of Florence\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image095-212x300.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image095.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image095.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5702\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image095.png 354w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image095-106x150.png 106w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image095-212x300.png 212w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 354px) 100vw, 354px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><em>While plain orientalism as described by Said is probably receding, or at least is dissected and discussed in universities, historical exoticism is still strong, mostly because there can be no \u00ab&nbsp;post-medievalist&nbsp;\u00bb or \u00ab&nbsp;post antiquist&nbsp;\u00bb backlash like there was a postcolonial one. Ancient Greeks and Romans were objectified, simplified, caricatured and analyzed, all for our amusement and comfort, but they haven\u2019t been actually colonized, and cannot strike back at our present. I sometimes wish they could, it could be fun &#8211; like in Gore Vidal&#8217;s great novel <\/em>Live from Golgotha<em>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image097.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" data-attachment-id=\"5703\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image097\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image097.png\" data-orig-size=\"500,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Colt Express\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image097-300x300.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image097.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image097.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5703\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image097.png 500w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image097-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image097-300x300.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/nothing-personal.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" data-attachment-id=\"10204\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2019\/01\/06\/tom-vasel-et-quelques-autres-tom-vasel-and-a-few-others\/nothing-personal-4\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/nothing-personal.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"nothing-personal\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/nothing-personal-300x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/nothing-personal.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/nothing-personal.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10204\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/nothing-personal.jpg 500w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/nothing-personal-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/nothing-personal-300x300.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><em>It also works with American history.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><em>As a historian, I\u2019m always wary of the easy explanation for everything past and strange &#8211; \u00ab in these times, people didn\u2019t think like we do \u00bb. May be \u00ab in these times \u00bb sounds a bit too much like \u00ab East of Suez \u00bb in Rudyard Kipling\u2019s famous formula &#8211; \u00ab East of Suez, best is worst and worst is best \u00bb. In Blaise Pascal&#8217;s XVIIth century, crossing the Pyrenees was enough for Blaise Pascal.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>So the real issue is not orientalism, but exoticism as a whole, in geography and history, &nbsp;and why it is so prevalent in boardgames, much more than in books or movies, much more than in video games, and so insistently unsubtle. The setting of a novel is a complex world that has to be built or, more often, studied by the author. It can be false, it can be a caricature, but it needs some depth. For the game designer, India or China, Middle Ages or Antiquity, are not geographical places or historical times, they are just topoi, sets of standard references, which must not be more sophisticated than those mastered by the player. The game designer, like the painter, cannot enliven his work by complex and subtle storytelling, and must do it only by winks and nods &#8211; a camel here, a helmet there. As a result, he makes heavy use of orientalist, \u00ab&nbsp;medievalist&nbsp;\u00bb or \u00ab&nbsp;antiquist&nbsp;\u00bb clich\u00e9s.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/valle-des-mammouths-2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"584\" height=\"584\" data-attachment-id=\"12155\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/?attachment_id=12155\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/valle-des-mammouths-2.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"584,584\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"valle des mammouths 2\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/valle-des-mammouths-2-300x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/valle-des-mammouths-2-584x584.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/valle-des-mammouths-2-584x584.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12155\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/valle-des-mammouths-2.jpg 584w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/valle-des-mammouths-2-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/valle-des-mammouths-2-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image103.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"802\" data-attachment-id=\"5706\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image103\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image103.png\" data-orig-size=\"800,802\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Myst\u00e8re \u00e0 l&amp;#8217;Abbaye\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Cover&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image103-300x300.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image103.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image103.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5706\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image103.png 800w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image103-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image103-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image103-299x300.png 299w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><em>This can be conscious, even deliberate, as it was for me when I designed <\/em>Valley of the Mammoths,<em> or <\/em>Mystery of the Abbey<em>. <\/em>Valley of the Mammoths<em> is just a collection of bad clich\u00e9s about prehistoric times. It\u2019s assumed, it\u2019s second degree, but what is interesting is that I probably could not have designed a \u00ab&nbsp;serious&nbsp;\u00bb game about prehistory. I didn\u2019t have the necessary historical knowledge, and if I had had it (had had ? sounds strange? Is it correct ?), the game would have had much more complex rules, would have been less fun to play, and removing the irony might have made it in the end more racist against Neanderthalians. Anyway, racial prejudice against Neanderthalians is not a pressing political issue, except in Jasper Fforde&#8217;s novels.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/mammouths-584x295-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"584\" height=\"295\" data-attachment-id=\"12749\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2012\/05\/01\/la-vallee-des-mammouths-valley-of-the-mammoths\/mammouths-584x295\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/mammouths-584x295-1.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"584,295\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"mammouths-584&amp;#215;295\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/mammouths-584x295-1-300x152.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/mammouths-584x295-1.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/mammouths-584x295-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12749\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/mammouths-584x295-1.jpg 584w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/mammouths-584x295-1-300x152.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/mammouths-584x295-1-150x76.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/mammouths-584x295-1-500x253.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>The cover of the first edition of Valley of the Mammoths was plain exoticism<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Simplifying and objectifying the past has obviously fewer social and historical consequences than simplifying, objectifying and even colonizing the rest of the world, but it\u2019s part of the same frame of mind. Orientalism and historical exoticism belong to the same intellectual discourse, and I find the prevalence of this discourse in games &#8211; even when it\u2019s more and more often in a distanced and more or less ironic way &#8211; impressive, and a bit unsettling.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>If I were someday to write the scenario for a TV series, it would probably be about inventing time-travel and colonizing the past, about sending British governors, German hippies and American missionaries in Ancient Egypt or in prehistoric times. Well, I don\u2019t know any one in the TV series business, but may be I can make a game about it. Of course, a game full of clich\u00e9s about British, German and Americans, because that\u2019s what make games fun.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>Why pirates and vikings ?<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>And then there are Pirates. Pirates have everything. They have adventure, deep blue seas, sunny beaches and palm trees. And, guess what, they are mostly white bearded males in their thirty or forty, the core-market for boardgames, with only the occasional black look-out or sexy adventuress. Pirates of the Caribbean \u2013 not those of the Channel, of course \u2013 are like a part of the fantasy history of Europe that happens to take place in a sunny and exotic \u2013 if not oriental \u2013 setting. No wonder they have been from the very beginning of modern boardgames, the most overexploited setting.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image107.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" data-attachment-id=\"5708\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image107\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image107.png\" data-orig-size=\"500,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Black Fleet\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image107-300x300.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image107.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image107.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5708\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image107.png 500w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image107-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image107-300x300.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image109-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"700\" data-attachment-id=\"5710\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image109-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image109-1.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"700,700\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Pirate&amp;#8217;s Cove\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image109-1-300x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image109-1.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image109-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5710\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image109-1.jpg 700w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image109-1-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image109-1-300x300.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>White bearded males in exotic settings. The pirates on Libertalia&#8217;s cover are the perfect image of the average gamers.&nbsp;<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/libertalia.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"498\" data-attachment-id=\"8188\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/libertalia\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/libertalia.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,498\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"libertalia\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/libertalia-300x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/libertalia.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/libertalia.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8188\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/libertalia.jpg 500w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/libertalia-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/libertalia-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/libertalia-301x300.jpg 301w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/vikings.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"8197\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/vikings\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/vikings.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"355,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"vikings\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/vikings-213x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/vikings.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/vikings.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8197\" width=\"257\" height=\"364\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Vikings are almost as good, and popular as well, but they lack the sun to etch their faces. On the other hand, some gaming groups, including mine, prefer beer over rhum.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"fantasy\"><em><strong> Heroic and medieval fantasy<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Most of my examples come from &#8220;eurogames&#8221;, a style of games which originated in Europe and became really popular in the rest of the world more recently. Games designed in the US have more often fantasy settings, and especially what is called &#8220;heroic fantasy&#8221;, which is basically middle-ages with some magic and exotic races. Elves, dwarves and orcs can also be seen as way to simultaneously essentialize and try to diffuse racial stereotypes as seen in US culture. They convey the idea that race is something real, something natural. This idea is much more common in the US than in Europe, including among some anti-racist groups, and I think it is plain wrong and extremely dangerous.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Elves, goblins, orcs, dwarves giants and trolls or orcs &#8211; and sometimes alien species &#8211; are a way to objectivize race, to make it an essence, an irreductible category, and not what it really is, a social construct and a stupid idea, if not a very bad joke. Those who think, and I\u2019ve read this written very seriously by well intended people on an American boardgame forum, that cuter trolls, dark-skinned elves and more respect for orcish culture will help fight racism are therefore completely missing the point, if not fostering the problem.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/smallworld.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" data-attachment-id=\"8175\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/smallworld\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/smallworld.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"smallworld\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/smallworld-300x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/smallworld.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/smallworld.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8175\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/smallworld.jpg 500w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/smallworld-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/smallworld-300x300.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Three interesting &#8220;fantasy race wars&#8221; games.&nbsp; Ethnos&#8217; title is food for thought and shows that the designer is conscious of the meaning of his universe, while Small World takes the idea with a grain of salt and mocks the categories it makes use of. Trollland is a deliberately political game mocking both European immigration policies and fantasy settings.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/ethnos.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"493\" data-attachment-id=\"8174\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/ethnos\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/ethnos.png\" data-orig-size=\"500,493\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"ethnos\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/ethnos-300x296.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/ethnos.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/ethnos.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8174\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/ethnos.png 500w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/ethnos-150x148.png 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/ethnos-300x296.png 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/ethnos-304x300.png 304w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/trollland.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"154\" height=\"300\" data-attachment-id=\"8186\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/trollland\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/trollland.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"257,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"trollland\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/trollland-154x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/trollland.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/trollland-154x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8186\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/trollland-154x300.jpg 154w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/trollland-77x150.jpg 77w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/trollland.jpg 257w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 154px) 100vw, 154px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Paradoxically, while on most US campuses &#8220;essentialist&#8221; has become an insult, the dominant discourse about culture, about race, and to a lesser extent about gender, is more essentialist than it has ever been. Social constructivism, whose base premises were right, has become a trick allowing one to claim existentialism with all the practical effects of essentialism.<br>This underpins all the excessively racialized fantasy worlds of american fantasy litterature, role playing games, and often boardgames. Small World, Ethnos and Trollland, each in a different way, stand back and take an ironic look at these clich\u00e9s. It is not very susprizing that all three have European designers. <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>I&#8217;ve always felt more uneasy with pirates games, or with heroic fantasy games full of disturbing and exotic races, than with good old exotic settings. Their innuendos are more subtle, and more serious, than the traditional exoticism which is too visible to be taken seriously and to be really problematic.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>The next step in the defusing, or at least in the euphemization, of the strong &#8220;american style&#8221; racial identities is to make use of anthropomorphic animals. That&#8217;s why complex games, clearly targeted at adult players, have more and more often characters which look out of children books. The essentialization of these humans disguised as animals is easy, immediate, and doesn&#8217;t feel as problematic. It might actually be a good thing if it emphasizes the ambiguities of traditional fantasy worlds, and especially medieval fantasy.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/root.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"584\" height=\"456\" data-attachment-id=\"10471\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/root\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/root.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"769,600\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"root\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/root-300x234.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/root-584x456.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/root-584x456.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10471\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/root-584x456.jpg 584w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/root-150x117.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/root-300x234.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/root-385x300.jpg 385w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/root.jpg 769w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Two recent and ambitious games with a fantasy medieval-animal setting, a clever way not to rely on fantasy races.&nbsp;<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/everdell.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"584\" height=\"584\" data-attachment-id=\"10473\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/everdell\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/everdell.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"600,600\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"everdell\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/everdell-300x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/everdell-584x584.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/everdell-584x584.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10473\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/everdell-584x584.jpg 584w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/everdell-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/everdell-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/everdell.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>Indians in Gaul and Germany<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Americans visiting Europe are often surprised by the importance of American Indians, and specifically Plain Indians, in our collective imagination. This is especially true in France and Germany, which happens to be also the countries were most European boardgames are designed and published. I have designed two games with a Plains Indians theme, <\/em>Tomahawk<em> and <\/em>Waka Tanka<em>, and there are also cute bright red Indian meeples in <\/em>Pony Express<em>, and a sexy squaw in Boomtown \u2013 though her long legs are hidden in the US version of the game.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>The image we have of Plain Indians is definitely exotic, but what makes it different from the US one is that it has more to do with historical exoticism than with orientalism, and this especially if, as Sa\u00efd wrote, orientalism emphasizes on otherness. Our imaginary Indians were designed as similar to us, not as other.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Tomahawk.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"12150\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/?attachment_id=12150\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Tomahawk.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"332,480\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Tomahawk\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Tomahawk-249x360.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Tomahawk.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Tomahawk.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12150\" width=\"246\" height=\"359\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image113.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" data-attachment-id=\"5712\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image113\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image113.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Wakanda\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image113-300x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image113.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image113.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5712\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image113.jpg 500w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image113-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image113-300x300.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Most Europeans don\u2019t really know, or forget easily, that there are still Native American people and living native American cultures \u2013 for us, American Indians are historical figures, not contemporary ones. More important, in France and in Germany, Plains Indians as described in the late XVIIIth and XIXth century were used as the metaphoric basis when inventing a fantasized history of our origins, before the Roman conquest. The mythical Gallic village of old history books, and of comics like <\/em>Asterix<em> as well, with its chief and its druid, is directly copied from the almost as mythical Indian village, with its chief and sorcerer. Dolmens are totems, wild boars are bisons. French have Asterix, Germans have Winnetou. When playing Indians and Cow-boys, something they still do, French or German kids identify more often and more easily with Indians than with Cow-Boys. This means that gently mocking this image is also, in a way, a bit like mocking our own German or Gallic ancestors, something everybody does, but never in a really bad way. This might be different in Britain, where Agricola is as much the English hero as Boudicca.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>Laziness and efficiency<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>This whole article is still half a joke. I took Edward Sa\u00efd\u2019s orientalism paradigm, originally applied to XIXth century novels and paintings about the Near and Middle-East, and copy-pasted it on contemporary boardgames about other parts of the world &#8211; but it\u2019s not that different from what Said himself was starting to do in Culture and Imperialism. Then I brought it to Mars and Venus, following a hint given by Victor Segalen in 1908, in his Essay on exoticism. Last, I brought it to the past, which won\u2019t be colonized until we design a time-travel machine. It can\u2019t be surprising that things don\u2019t always fit perfectly, as we have seen in some details with two examples, Japan and American Indians \u2013 I still have to design a Japanese themed game.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Nevertheless, the recurrence of exotic settings in board and card games can be unsettling. Understanding why we use such settings, and why they can be unsettling, is necessary, but I don\u2019t intend to condemn it and I don\u2019t think we, game designers, should stop making boardgames that caricature the Orient or Ancient Greece, no more than we should stop making games that caricature barnyard or jungle. I know for sure I will keep on doing it because it\u2019s easy, it\u2019s simple, it&#8217;s fun and, most of all, it probably makes better games. When it comes to game design, being lazy is usually being efficient.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>It makes better games because the setting of a game doesn\u2019t have the same function as the setting and theme of a novel or movie. When reading a novel or an essay, or watching a movie or theater piece, one does spend most intellectual energy in understanding what is told in the book or movie, and tries to get all the subtleties of it. When playing a game, most of the player\u2019s energy is spent in trying to use the rules, the game systems, in order to win. The thematic setting of the game must not detract from \u201cthe game itself\u201d, meaning from aiming at victory. It might even be, like in a math water tap problem, just a tool used to make the rules clearer.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>The setting must therefore be extremely simple, and must be known by the players before the game even starts. In good novels and movies, the storyline is used to explain the meaning of a complex theme. In good games, the light theme is here to help the players create the story. A game\u2019s setting must be very simple, very light, and works best when it uses connections already known by the players, not when it tries to reveal hidden ones. Pop culture settings, such as science fiction or heroic fantasy, are great for this, but are not mastered by everyone. Plain exotic settings, be they historical or geographical, are &nbsp;better, because they are understood by more people. Furthermore, boardgames are often played by adults and children together, and therefore require &#8220;childish&#8221; settings and imagery, and of a kind that is known by two or even three generations. That\u2019s why simplistic exotic settings, be they oriental, historical or fantasy come naturally to me, and that&#8217;s why I&#8217;ll keep on using them, though I\u2019ll probably be more careful now to use more or less systematically irony to defuse the issues that I highlighted in this article. And yes, I know, irony can be missed, but it\u2019s so fun when it isn\u2019t that it\u2019s worth taking some risks.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image115.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" data-attachment-id=\"5713\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image115\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image115.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1024,1024\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Mombasa\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image115-300x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image115.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image115.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5713\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image115.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image115-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image115-300x300.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image117.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"501\" data-attachment-id=\"5714\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/image117\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image117.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1271,622\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Mombasa\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image117-300x147.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image117-1024x501.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image117-1024x501.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5714\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image117-1024x501.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image117-150x73.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image117-300x147.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image117-500x245.jpg 500w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image117.jpg 1271w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>The caveat historical introduction to the rules of Mombasa is certainly clumsy. The first sentences are heavily didactical and the last one sounds like \u201cno animals were harmed in the making of this movie\u201d. Anyway, that\u2019s probably the way to go, but with some more humor and subtlety.t de subtilit\u00e9.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><em>The issue might be different if I were writing RPGs, which require a deeper and more subtle setting and are more akin to literature, but it\u2019s not even sure, or if I were working in the video games industry. I remember playing some really good and fun larps full of bad clich\u00e9s, often about about Victorian England. These were, however, clearly ironic, and there are also very good larps and rpg dealing with historical topics in a more serious way \u2013 I\u2019m just not very excited in playing them.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>The video and boardgame industries are in many ways very similar, and many boardgame designers also work on video games. Surprisingly, orientalism, at least like I\u2019ve described it here, is far less present in video games, the old <\/em>Prince of Persia<em> being the only example that jumps to mind (though the FPS games in Middle-East settings are another kind, probably far more problematic, of Orientalism). Historical exoticism also seems to be less prevalent. The depth and complexity required by massive multiplayer games and persistent worlds makes it impossible to use simplistic universes, and is much easier to deal with in fantasy. These complex games are also more and more devised by large teams involving designers in Europe and in the USA, but also in Japan and, more and more, in Korea, China or India. But this is also true of lighter games, may be because the video game industry is bigger and more globalized, both with gamers and designers. Of course, this makes for less problematic settings, but also for blander and, at first sight, less thought provoking ones. One can easily get bored of space travel, dragons, zombies and colored candies. But except may be for colored candies, fantasy settings are also a kind of exoticism, and in the end raise similar issues.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>If you enjoyed this short essay, you might also read <a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/?p=5552\">the blogpost I wrote about a related topic<\/a>, the issues we encountered in the US with the iconography of some of my games.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"color: #008000;\">Bibliography :<\/span><br><span style=\"color: #008000;\"> Francesco Adinolfi, <em>Mondo Exotica<\/em>, 2008<\/span><br><span style=\"color: #008000;\"> Eric Hobsbawm &amp; Terence Ranger, <em>The Invention of Tradition<\/em>, 1983<\/span><br><span style=\"color: #008000;\"> Linda Hutcheon, <em>Irony\u2019s Edge : The Theory and Politics of Irony<\/em>, 1994<\/span><br><span style=\"color: #008000;\"> Iwabuchi Koichi, <em>Complicit Exoticism: Japan and its Other<\/em>, 1994<br>O Young Lee, <em>The Compact Culture, the Japanese Tradition of Smaller is Better, 1984<\/em><\/span><br><span style=\"color: #008000;\"> Andr\u00e9 Malraux, <em>La Tentation de l&#8217;Occident (The Temptation of the West),<\/em> 1926<em><br><\/em>Salman Rushdie,<em> Imaginary Homelands, 1991<br><\/em>Edward Sa\u00efd, <em>Orientalism<\/em>, 1978<\/span><br><span style=\"color: #008000;\"> Edward Sa\u00efd, <em>Culture and Imperialism<\/em>, 1993<br>Victor Segalen, <em>Essai sur l&#8217;exotisme (An Essay on Exoticism),<\/em> 1904-1918<br>Yoko Tawada, <em>Three Lessons on Poetry, 2012<\/em><\/span><br><span style=\"color: #008000;\"> Daniel Martin Varisco, <em>Reading Orientalism, Sa\u00efd and the Unsaid<\/em>, 2007<\/span><br><span style=\"color: #008000;\">Ibn Warraq, <em>Defending the West, a Critique of Edward Said&#8217;s Orientalism<\/em>, 2007<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ceci est une version plus longue et plus d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e de l&#8217;article un peu moqueur que j&#8217;avais publi\u00e9 \u00e0 l&#8217;automne 2014, et qui reste le plus consult\u00e9 de ce blog. Comme d&#8217;habitude, le texte anglais est plus bas, mais c&#8217;est ici &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":true,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[123,27],"tags":[126,324,254],"class_list":["post-3780","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-creation-ludique-game-design","category-le-monde-du-jeu-game-trends-and-styles","tag-intello-theory","tag-orientalisme-orientalism","tag-politics"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p2HNOP-YY","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3780","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3780"}],"version-history":[{"count":187,"href":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3780\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12814,"href":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3780\/revisions\/12814"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3780"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3780"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3780"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}