{"id":19306,"date":"2025-12-15T16:33:35","date_gmt":"2025-12-15T16:33:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/?p=19306"},"modified":"2025-12-15T17:09:05","modified_gmt":"2025-12-15T17:09:05","slug":"comment-et-jusquou-peut-on-et-doit-on-analyser-les-jeux-to-what-extent-can-we-and-should-we-analyse-games","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2025\/12\/15\/comment-et-jusquou-peut-on-et-doit-on-analyser-les-jeux-to-what-extent-can-we-and-should-we-analyse-games\/","title":{"rendered":"Comment et jusqu&#8217;o\u00f9 peut-on et doit-on analyser les jeux. <br><i>To what extent can we and should we analyse games?<\/i>"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-medium\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/card9.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"274\" height=\"300\" data-attachment-id=\"653\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2012\/05\/01\/la-vallee-des-mammouths-valley-of-the-mammoths\/card9\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/card9.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"916,1000\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Bruno Shaman\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/card9.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/card9-274x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-653\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/card9-274x300.jpg 274w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/card9.jpg 916w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 274px) 100vw, 274px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>J\u2019\u00e9tais il y a deux semaines en Pologne, \u00e0 Bydgoszcz, invit\u00e9 \u00e0 un colloque universitaire consacr\u00e9 \u00e0 la question de l\u2019analyse des jeux, qu\u2019ils soient en bits et pixels ou en bois et carton. Je ne suis presque jamais invit\u00e9 \u00e0 ce type d\u2019\u00e9v\u00e9nement, quasiment jamais en France. Les praticiens du jeu y sont rarement convi\u00e9s, comme si les universitaires craignaient que nous risquions de polluer leurs recherches par des consid\u00e9rations trop terre \u00e0 terre. Ma m\u00e9fiance souvent exprim\u00e9e face au jeu p\u00e9dagogique et aux discours sur l\u2019utilit\u00e9 sociale et politique du jeu, des th\u00e8mes port\u00e9s aujourd\u2019hui aussi bien par les grands \u00e9diteurs qui financent certains de ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements que par les universitaires qui s\u2019en veulent les plus critiques, n\u2019aide sans doute pas non plus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Quoi qu\u2019il en soit, j\u2019ai volontiers accept\u00e9 l\u2019invitation, et pr\u00e9par\u00e9 une intervention dans laquelle je m\u2019effor\u00e7ais de montrer les limites de l\u2019analyse des jeux de soci\u00e9t\u00e9, qu\u2019il s\u2019agisse d\u2019analyse sociale et politique \u00e0 la mani\u00e8re ce qui se pratique en litt\u00e9rature, ou d\u2019analyse formelle. Je me suis donc trouv\u00e9 un peu en porte-\u00e0-faux par rapport \u00e0 la plupart des autres interventions, mais j\u2019ai aussi d\u00e9couvert un univers sympathique, et que je connaissais assez mal, celui des universitaires travaillant sur le jeu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Avant d\u2019\u00e9crire ce bref compte-rendu, j\u2019ai donc pris le temps de lire quelques &nbsp;livres cit\u00e9s lors des pr\u00e9sentations auxquelles j\u2019ai assist\u00e9, <em>Playing Oppression<\/em> de Mary Flanagan, &nbsp;<em>Cardboard Ghost<\/em> de Annabel Holland, auxquels j\u2019ai jout\u00e9 le r\u00e9cent livre d\u2019Henri Kermarec, <em>Ce n\u2019est qu\u2019un jeu. <\/em>Pour revenir un peu r\u00e9el, j\u2019ai aussi relu en diagonale quelques-uns des essais d\u2019Umberto Eco dans <em>Les limites de l\u2019interpr\u00e9tation<\/em>, et mon point de vue n\u2019a donc pas beaucoup chang\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u2019innombrables \u00e9crivains se sont oppos\u00e9s \u00e0 la surinterpr\u00e9tation de leur \u0153uvre. Une rapide recherche internet me donne des citations de Tolkien, Nabokov, Gombrowicz, Camus, Kundera, Sontag, Calvino, Houellebecq et Ernaux, j\u2019en trouverai sans doute d\u2019autres si je cherche encore demain. J\u2019ai choisi dans mon intervention de citer Witold Gombrowicz, pour qui la forme impos\u00e9e par l\u2019analyse critique s\u2019oppose \u00e0 ce qu\u2019il appelle le chaos, l\u2019exp\u00e9rience de la lecture. J\u2019ai fait ce choix parce qu\u2019il \u00e9tait polonais, et donc connu de mon auditoire, parce que c\u2019est un auteur que j\u2019appr\u00e9cie, mais aussi parce que sa critique s\u2019applique encore mieux au jeu qui, moins fini que le livre, peut \u00eatre vu comme une machine \u00e0 cr\u00e9er des exp\u00e9riences.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-medium\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/postcolonialcatan.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"224\" data-attachment-id=\"3783\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/postcolonialcatan\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/postcolonialcatan.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1028,768\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Postcolonial Catan\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/postcolonialcatan-1024x765.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/postcolonialcatan-300x224.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3783\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/postcolonialcatan-300x224.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/postcolonialcatan-1024x765.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/postcolonialcatan-401x300.jpg 401w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/postcolonialcatan.jpg 1028w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Bien s\u00fbr, cela ne signifie en rien que l\u2019analyse soit impossible, et donc n\u00e9cessairement fausse ou ill\u00e9gitime. Je me suis moi-m\u00eame livr\u00e9 ici \u00e0 plusieurs reprises \u00e0 des analyses socio-historiques de certains th\u00e8mes de jeu. Mon article <em><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"3780\">Postcolonial Catan<\/a><\/em>, en 2014, a contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 lancer le d\u00e9bat sur le colonialisme et l\u2019orientalisme dans les jeux de soci\u00e9t\u00e9, et est d\u2019ailleurs cit\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises par Mary Flanagan et Henri Kermarec. Plus r\u00e9cemment, j\u2019ai tent\u00e9 l<a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2023\/01\/26\/retour-a-la-nature-back-to-nature\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"14468\">e m\u00eame type d\u2019analyse sur les th\u00e8mes de la nature et des animaux<\/a>, qui me semblent avoir largement pris le relais de l\u2019exotisme g\u00e9ographique, et je suis un peu d\u00e9\u00e7u d\u2019avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 moins suivi.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-medium\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Wingspan.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" data-attachment-id=\"14476\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wingspan\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Wingspan.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"600,600\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Wingspan\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Wingspan-584x584.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Wingspan-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-14476\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Wingspan-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Wingspan-584x584.jpg 584w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Wingspan-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Wingspan.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Cela signifie simplement qu\u2019il faut \u00e9viter une analyse trop pointilliste, qui irait analyser individuellement chaque jeu dans les moindres d\u00e9tails en allant chercher partout du sens, voire une intention de l\u2019auteur. Comme en politique, l\u2019intentionnalisme conduit \u00e0 la surinterpr\u00e9tation parano\u00efaque. L\u2019auteur n\u2019a souvent pas d\u2019autre intention que de faire un jeu excitant et int\u00e9ressant. Si je prends mes propres jeux, il n\u2019y en a qu\u2019un seul, <em>Terra<\/em>, qui ait un message politique explicite, l\u2019id\u00e9e que les \u00e9go\u00efsmes nationaux ne peuvent suffir \u00e0 r\u00e9gler les probl\u00e8mes globaux, et c\u2019\u00e9tait plus ou moins une commande. Il y a peut-\u00eatre un vague message implicite dans <em>Kamasutra<\/em>, l\u2019id\u00e9e que notre soci\u00e9t\u00e9 prend le sexe trop au s\u00e9rieux, mais cela ne va pas plus loin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La d\u00e9marche des chercheurs travaillant sur le jeu consiste le plus souvent \u00e0 utiliser des outils venus de l\u2019analyse litt\u00e9raire. C\u2019est flatteur pour les auteurs, qui, moi le premier, n\u2019aiment rien mieux qu\u2019\u00eatre compar\u00e9s \u00e0 des \u00e9crivains, et c\u2019est, dans une certaine mesure, pertinent. C\u2019est ce que je faisais moi-m\u00eame dans mon article <em>Postcolonial Catan<\/em>, largement inspir\u00e9 par la lecture d\u2019Edward Sa\u00efd. Il n\u2019emp\u00eache que certaines des critiques souvent faites \u00e0 l\u2019analyse litt\u00e9raire sont plus pertinentes encore quand il s\u2019agit du jeu, et surtout du jeu de soci\u00e9t\u00e9. Plus encore que les livres, les jeux de soci\u00e9t\u00e9 &nbsp;sont de petits mondes clos, aux r\u00e8gles simples et connues, et c\u2019est d\u2019ailleurs pour cette raison qu\u2019on les pratique, pour \u00e9chapper un peu \u00e0 notre monde ouvert aux r\u00e8gles complexes et myst\u00e9rieuses, si tant est qu\u2019il en ait. J\u2019ai r\u00e9cemment, pour la premi\u00e8re fois, anim\u00e9 une activit\u00e9 jeu de soci\u00e9t\u00e9 en prison, et j\u2019ai vu dans l\u2019enthousiasme communicatif des prisonniers une preuve de plus que l\u2019on ne joue gu\u00e8re que pour sortir du r\u00e9el, pour s\u2019\u00e9vader \u2013 sans jeu de mots. &nbsp;Il est vain de chercher dans un jeu de soci\u00e9t\u00e9 la m\u00eame profondeur, les m\u00eames sous-entendus, que dans un roman, ou m\u00eame dans un film. C\u2019est moins vrai des jeux de r\u00f4les ou des jeux vid\u00e9o, du moins des plus sophistiqu\u00e9s d\u2019entre eux, qui peuvent avoir une vraie dimension romanesque, et des qualit\u00e9s litt\u00e9raires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cela permet de rebondir sur un vieux d\u00e9bat du jeu de soci\u00e9t\u00e9, celui du th\u00e8me et des m\u00e9canismes. Peu importe que la conception du jeu soit \u00ab&nbsp;partie du th\u00e8me&nbsp;\u00bb ou \u00ab&nbsp;partie des m\u00e9canismes&nbsp;\u00bb, il est assez fr\u00e9quent que le th\u00e8me d\u2019un jeu, l\u2019univers dans lequel se situe l\u2019action, soit modifi\u00e9 au cours de son d\u00e9veloppement. C\u2019est d\u2019ailleurs, je pense, la principale cause de friction entre auteurs et \u00e9diteurs, bien avant les questions financi\u00e8res. Cela n\u2019arrive bien s\u00fbr pas pour un roman, et l\u2019on n\u2019imagine pas un \u00e9diteur demandant \u00e0 un romancier de d\u00e9placer dans l\u2019Angleterre victorienne ou dans l\u2019espace profond un r\u00e9cit se d\u00e9roulant dans l\u2019antiquit\u00e9 grecque\u2026. Tout au plus demandent-ils parfois de retravailler le texte pour le rendre plus long ou, plus fr\u00e9quemment si j&#8217;en crois mes amis \u00e9crivains, plus court. On ne peut donc pr\u00e9sumer que les m\u00e9canismes d\u2019un jeu d\u00e9livrent une opinion un peu subtile sur son th\u00e8me. <\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-medium\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Harvest-Valley-box.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"283\" height=\"360\" data-attachment-id=\"17967\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/screenshot-19\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Harvest-Valley-box.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"772,982\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;Screenshot&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1741886552&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Screenshot&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Screenshot\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Harvest-Valley-box-459x584.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Harvest-Valley-box-283x360.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17967\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Harvest-Valley-box-283x360.jpg 283w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Harvest-Valley-box-459x584.jpg 459w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Harvest-Valley-box-118x150.jpg 118w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Harvest-Valley-box-236x300.jpg 236w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Harvest-Valley-box.jpg 772w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 283px) 100vw, 283px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>J\u2019ai pris comme exemple dans mon intervention mon tout dernier jeu sorti, <a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2025\/09\/08\/harvest-valley\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"17829\"><em>Harvest Valley<\/em><\/a>. Dans prototype initial, des pr\u00eatres dans un univers m\u00e9di\u00e9val essayaient d\u2019attirer dans leur paroisse les ouailles fr\u00e9quentant les \u00e9glises voisines \u2013 j\u2019avais peut-\u00eatre quelque chose \u00e0 dire sur le ridicule et l\u2019absurdit\u00e9 de la religion, mais cela n\u2019allait pas bien loin et n\u2019\u00e9tait gu\u00e8re argument\u00e9. Dans jeu finalement publi\u00e9, les joueurs sont des fermiers qui cherchent \u00e0 installer leur ferme dans les coins les plus propices \u00e0 la culture des l\u00e9gumes, des fruits et des c\u00e9r\u00e9ales. Je n\u2019ai absolument rien \u00e0 dire sur l\u2019agriculture, sujet sur lequel je suis totalement ignorant, mais je sais tr\u00e8s bien que cela ne se passe pas du tout dans la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 comme dans mon jeu, et notamment que l\u2019on construit g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement la ferme avant de planter les carottes et de semer le bl\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u2019ailleurs, \u00e0 quoi ressemble vraiment le travail d\u2019un auteur de jeu de soci\u00e9t\u00e9\u00a0?<br>&#8211; \u00c0 celui d\u2019un \u00e9crivain, et s\u2019agit-il alors plut\u00f4t d\u2019un essayiste s\u2019effor\u00e7ant de faire passer un message ou de r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 une question, ou d\u2019un romancier racontant une histoire, avec parfois quelques sous-entendus\u00a0?<br>&#8211; \u00c0 celui d\u2019un cuisinier qui m\u00e9lange des ingr\u00e9dients pour obtenir le meilleur plat, et s\u2019efforce de le pr\u00e9senter au mieux. Le statut culturel de la cuisine est d&#8217;ailleurs discut\u00e9 un peu comme celui du jeu.<br>&#8211; \u00c0 celui d\u2019un compositeurs dont les \u0153uvres, si elles ont un titre et un vague th\u00e8me, restent fondamentalement abstraites. Un morceau musical est, comme un jeu, d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment clos.<br>&#8211; \u00c0 celui d\u2019un architecte, qui cr\u00e9e des lieux sans savoir avec pr\u00e9cision quelle exp\u00e9rience, quel usage en sera fait\u00a0?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ne sachant pas tr\u00e8s bien o\u00f9 je d\u00e9barquais, j\u2019ai aussi abord\u00e9 dans ma pr\u00e9sentation les limites de l\u2019analyse formelle, math\u00e9matique, des jeux. De mani\u00e8re assez int\u00e9ressante, la critique de Gombrowicz, l\u2019id\u00e9e que l\u2019attention \u00e0 la forme peut amener \u00e0 ignorer l\u2019exp\u00e9rience, est \u00e9galement pertinente ici. La premi\u00e8re limite, \u00e9vidente, est dans le r\u00f4le du th\u00e8me, et ce m\u00eame quand il n\u2019est gu\u00e8re qu\u2019une astuce pour expliquer les m\u00e9canismes du jeu, mais il n\u2019y a pas que cela.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-medium\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/whirly-derby.jpeg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"301\" data-attachment-id=\"19310\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/whirly-derby\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/whirly-derby.jpeg\" data-orig-size=\"1197,1200\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"whirly derby\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/whirly-derby-584x584.jpeg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/whirly-derby-300x301.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-19310\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/whirly-derby-300x301.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/whirly-derby-584x584.jpeg 584w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/whirly-derby-150x150.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/whirly-derby-299x300.jpeg 299w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/whirly-derby.jpeg 1197w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>J\u2019ai pris comme principal exemple l\u2019un des meilleurs jeux que j\u2019aie rapport\u00e9 cette ann\u00e9e du salon d\u2019Essen, <em>Whirly Derby<\/em>. \u00c0 chaque tour, apr\u00e8s avoir pris connaissance des cartes qui iront aux premier, deuxi\u00e8me et troisi\u00e8me de la course, chacun mise un certain nombre de billes \u00e0 sa couleur, qui sont m\u00e9lang\u00e9es dans un cornet de carton avant d\u2019\u00eatre l\u00e2ch\u00e9es dans une sorte d\u2019\u00e9vier m\u00e9tallique, pour en sortir une \u00e0 une par un petit trou. Cela pourrait \u00eatre un jeu de cartes, et c\u2019en \u00e9tait peut-\u00eatre un \u00e0 l\u2019origine \u2013 chacun joue un certain nombre de cartes \u00e0 sa couleur, elles sont m\u00e9lang\u00e9es et on pioche les trois premi\u00e8res. Je soup\u00e7onne m\u00eame un peu que le premier prototype du jeu \u00e9tait un jeu de cartes. Math\u00e9matiquement, c\u2019est la m\u00eame chose \u2013 ce que l\u2019on appelle un isomorphisme \u2013 mais il est \u00e9vident que ce serait beaucoup moins dr\u00f4le avec des cartes.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-medium\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/whirly-derby-2.jpeg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" data-attachment-id=\"19309\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/whirly-derby-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/whirly-derby-2.jpeg\" data-orig-size=\"768,768\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"whirly derby 2\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/whirly-derby-2-584x584.jpeg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/whirly-derby-2-300x300.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-19309\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/whirly-derby-2-300x300.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/whirly-derby-2-584x584.jpeg 584w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/whirly-derby-2-150x150.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/whirly-derby-2.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Bref, pas de probl\u00e8me, il est parfaitement l\u00e9gitime, et souvent int\u00e9ressant et amusant, d\u2019analyser les jeux de soci\u00e9t\u00e9, leurs th\u00e8mes, leurs m\u00e9canismes, leurs mat\u00e9riels et les liens entre tout cela. Cela peut nous aider \u00e0 les comprendre, et \u00e0 concevoir de meilleurs jeux \u00e0 l\u2019avenir. Il faut cependant se garder de les surinterpr\u00e9ter et, surtout, de prendre nos analyses trop au s\u00e9rieux, de croire qu\u2019elles nous livrent l\u2019essence des jeux.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-medium\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/card7.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"282\" height=\"300\" data-attachment-id=\"651\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2012\/05\/01\/la-vallee-des-mammouths-valley-of-the-mammoths\/card7\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/card7.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"941,1000\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Bruno Shaman\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/card7.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/card7-282x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-651\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/card7-282x300.jpg 282w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/card7.jpg 941w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 282px) 100vw, 282px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><em>I was two weeks ago in Poland, in Bydgoszcz, where I had been invited to take part in an academic conference about the analysis of games, be they made of bits and pixels or of wood and cardboard. I am seldom asked to take part in such meetings, and almost never in France. Boardgame designers and players are rarely invited at academic conferences, as if academics were worried we could endanger their research with trivial or concrete matters. I also have expressed quite often my wariness towards educational games, and towards the idea that game should aim at social or political utility, ideas which are popular both among the publishers who fund some of the research on games and among the most critical academics, and this probably doesn\u2019t help either.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Anyway, I gladly seized the opportunity to have a look at this exotic world. Iaccepted the invite, and prepared a keynote in which I tried to show the limits of boardgame analysis, be it sociopolitical analysis akin to what literary critics do, or more formal analysis. This went a bit against the domineering trend of the conference, but the mood was friendly and I met many interesting people among academics working on boardgames.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Before writing this short report, I took the time to read some of the books cited in the various talks I attended, namely Mary Flanagan\u2019s <\/em>Playing Oppression<em> andAnnabel Holland\u2019s <\/em>Cardboard Ghost<em>, as well as, in French, the recent book by Henri Kermarec, <\/em>Ce n&#8217;est qu&#8217;un jeu (It\u2019s Just a Game).<em> I also reread diagonally (do you say this in English) some of Umberto Eco\u2019s essays in <\/em>The Limits of Interpretation<em>, and my opinion didn\u2019t change much.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Countless novelists have opposed what they felt was an overinterpretation of their works. A quick web research brought me quotes from Tolkien, Nabokov, Gombrowicz, Camus, Kundera, Sontag, Calvino, Houellebecq and Ernaux, I could probably find more if I search again tomorrow. The only one I quoted in my talk was Gombrowicz, who claims that the form imposed by critical analysis goes against what he calls chaos, the experience of reading. I chose him because he was polish, and therefore well known by most of the listeners, because he\u2019s one of my fetish writers, and because his criticism is even more relevant about games which, even more than novels, can be described as machines aimed at generating experiences.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-medium\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/postcolonialcatan.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"224\" data-attachment-id=\"3783\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/postcolonialcatan\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/postcolonialcatan.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1028,768\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Postcolonial Catan\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/postcolonialcatan-1024x765.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/postcolonialcatan-300x224.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3783\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/postcolonialcatan-300x224.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/postcolonialcatan-1024x765.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/postcolonialcatan-401x300.jpg 401w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/postcolonialcatan.jpg 1028w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><em>Of course, this doesn\u2019t mean that any analysis is impossible, and therefore always wrong&nbsp; or illegitimate. I have myself written here a few blogposts trying to analyze sociologically, politically and historically some&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;gaming trends. My essay <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"3780\">Postcolonial Catan<\/a><em>, in 2014, helped kickstart the discussion about colonial and orientalist settings in boardgames, and is quoted as such by Mary Flanagan and Henri Kermarec.&nbsp; More recently, I tried to make <a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2023\/01\/26\/retour-a-la-nature-back-to-nature\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"14468\">a similar analysis of the nature and cute animal settings<\/a>, which have largely replaced geographical exoticism, and was a bit disappointed when it got less attention.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-medium\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Wingspan.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" data-attachment-id=\"14476\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wingspan\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Wingspan.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"600,600\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Wingspan\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Wingspan-584x584.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Wingspan-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-14476\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Wingspan-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Wingspan-584x584.jpg 584w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Wingspan-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Wingspan.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><em>What I\u2019m saying is only that we should avoid a nit-picking analysis looking everywhere for meaning, if not for a designer\u2019s intention. Like in politics, paranoid intentionalism leads to overinterpretation. Most times, the author\u2019s only intention is to design a fun and\/or interesting game. Among my own designs, more than a hundred, there\u2019s only one, <\/em>Terra<em>, with an explicit political message, the idea that national egoisms cannot solve global problem, and it was more or less made on order. There might be a vague implicit message in <\/em>Kamasutra<em>, the idea that western societies take sex far too seriously, but it doesn\u2019t go very far.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Most academics working on games are using tools borrowed from literary criticism. It\u2019s flattering for designers like me, who love being &nbsp;compared with novelists, and it is, to some extent, relevant. That\u2019s what I have done in my <\/em>Postcolonial Catan<em> essay, largely inspired by a reading of Edward Sa\u00efd\u2019s <\/em>Orientalism<em>. Many of the writers\u2019 complaints about literary analysis are even more relevant when discussing games, and especially boardgames. Boardgames are, even more than novels, small closed worlds with simple and known rules, when the vast and open reality has complex and mysterious rules, if it has any. I recently held, for the first time, a boardgame animation in prison. I saw in the contagious enthusiasm of the attendees one more proof that we play mostly to escape reality, no pun intended. There is no point in searching in a boardgame for the same depth, the same subtleties, the same implied ideas as in book, or even a movie. This is less true of video games and role-playing games which, at least for the most complex of them, can have a true literary dimension.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-medium\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Harvest-Valley-box.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"283\" height=\"360\" data-attachment-id=\"17967\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/screenshot-19\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Harvest-Valley-box.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"772,982\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;Screenshot&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1741886552&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Screenshot&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Screenshot\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Harvest-Valley-box-459x584.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Harvest-Valley-box-283x360.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17967\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Harvest-Valley-box-283x360.jpg 283w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Harvest-Valley-box-459x584.jpg 459w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Harvest-Valley-box-118x150.jpg 118w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Harvest-Valley-box-236x300.jpg 236w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Harvest-Valley-box.jpg 772w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 283px) 100vw, 283px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><em>Let\u2019s come back to the evergreen question about boardgame design \u2013 what comes first, what makes a game, theme\/setting or mechanisms. No matter whether the designer started with one or the other, the setting is often modified, or even entirely changed, during the development. It is even, I think, the main friction point between designers and publishers, long before money issues. This never happens with novels, and one cannot imagine a publisher asking a novelist to move to victorian Britain or deep space a story set in Ancient Greece. At most, they will ask to make the book longer or, more usually, shorter.&nbsp; This is why one should not presume that the mechanisms of a game express a subtle opinion about its setting. In my talk, I used as an example my very last published game, Harvest Valley. In the original prototype, players were priests trying to lure into their church the peasants and knights from nearby parishes. I might have had something to say about the ridiculous absurdity of religion, but it was neither deep nor solidly argued. In the published game, players are farmers trying to place their farms in the best spot of the valley, where they can grow vegetables, fruits and cereals. I have absolutely nothing to say about agriculture, a topic of which I am nearly completely ignorant \u2013 though I know that, unlike in my game, one builds a farm before planting crops.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>And, by the way, what is a boardgame designer\u2019s job really like?<br>&#8211; That of a writer, and in this case is it more that of an essayist trying to convey a message or answer a question, or that of a novelist who only wants to tell a story, sometimes with a few innuendos?<br>&#8211; That of cook mixing ingredients trying to make the best meal, and then to present it in the best way ? \u00a0The cultural status of cooking recipes is ambiguous and discussed in the same way as that of games.<br>&#8211; That of a musical composer whose works, if they often have a name and sometimes a vague setting, are nevertheless fundamentally abstract. A musical composition is, like a game, a completely closed system. \u00a0<br>&#8211; That of an architect designing places without knowing exactly how they will be experienced.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Not knowing exactly what was to be discussed, I also talked a bit about the limits of a formal, mathematical analysis of games. Interestingly, Gombrowicz\u2019s idea, that focusing on form leads to ignore the most important, the experience, is also relevant here. The first limit, obvious, is the setting\/theme of a game, and this even when it is little more than a trick used to make explaining the rules of the game simpler and faster, but there are other ones.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-medium\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/whirly-derby.jpeg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"301\" data-attachment-id=\"19310\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/whirly-derby\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/whirly-derby.jpeg\" data-orig-size=\"1197,1200\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"whirly derby\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/whirly-derby-584x584.jpeg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/whirly-derby-300x301.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-19310\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/whirly-derby-300x301.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/whirly-derby-584x584.jpeg 584w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/whirly-derby-150x150.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/whirly-derby-299x300.jpeg 299w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/whirly-derby.jpeg 1197w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><em>My main example was one of the best games I brought back from this year\u2019s Essen fair, <\/em>Whirly Derby<em>. Every round, after the cards that will be won by the owners of the first, second and third in the race, each player puts a certain number of marbles in their color into a cardboard cone, where they are shuffled before being poured into a kind of metallic sink, as you can see in the picture. This could have been a card game \u2013 every player plays a certain number of cards in their color, which are then shuffled before drawing the three top ones. I even suspect the first prototype of the game was a card game. Mathematically, it is the exact same thing, but everyone who has played this game realize that it would not be half as fun with cards.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-medium\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/whirly-derby-2.jpeg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" data-attachment-id=\"19309\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/whirly-derby-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/whirly-derby-2.jpeg\" data-orig-size=\"768,768\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"whirly derby 2\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/whirly-derby-2-584x584.jpeg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/whirly-derby-2-300x300.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-19309\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/whirly-derby-2-300x300.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/whirly-derby-2-584x584.jpeg 584w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/whirly-derby-2-150x150.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/whirly-derby-2.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><em>Analyzing games\u2019 settings, mechanisms and components, and the relations between these elements, is perfectly legitimate, often interesting and even sometimes fun. It can help us understand games, and therefore design better ones. We must nevertheless be wary of overinterpretation, and be carefuyl not to take ours analysis too seriously, not to think they reveal the true essence of games.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>J\u2019\u00e9tais il y a deux semaines en Pologne, \u00e0 Bydgoszcz, invit\u00e9 \u00e0 un colloque universitaire consacr\u00e9 \u00e0 la question de l\u2019analyse des jeux, qu\u2019ils soient en bits et pixels ou en bois et carton. Je ne suis presque jamais invit\u00e9 &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2025\/12\/15\/comment-et-jusquou-peut-on-et-doit-on-analyser-les-jeux-to-what-extent-can-we-and-should-we-analyse-games\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":8529,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[537,126],"class_list":["post-19306","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-le-monde-du-jeu-game-trends-and-styles","tag-harvest-valley","tag-intello-theory"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/cropped-v314-shaman.jpg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p2HNOP-51o","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19306","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=19306"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19306\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19313,"href":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19306\/revisions\/19313"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8529"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19306"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=19306"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=19306"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}