{"id":16080,"date":"2023-10-18T11:17:22","date_gmt":"2023-10-18T11:17:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/?p=16080"},"modified":"2023-10-18T11:18:09","modified_gmt":"2023-10-18T11:18:09","slug":"creer-dans-la-boite-les-paradoxes-de-la-creation-de-jeu-de-societe-an-open-mind-in-a-closed-box-the-paradoxes-of-boardgame-design","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2023\/10\/18\/creer-dans-la-boite-les-paradoxes-de-la-creation-de-jeu-de-societe-an-open-mind-in-a-closed-box-the-paradoxes-of-boardgame-design\/","title":{"rendered":"L&#8217;imagination dans la boite, les paradoxes de la cr\u00e9ation de jeu de soci\u00e9t\u00e9  <br><i>An open mind in a closed box, the paradoxes of boardgame design<\/i>"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-medium\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/v314-shaman.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"274\" height=\"300\" data-attachment-id=\"2363\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2013\/07\/30\/entre-les-mondes-between-worlds\/v314-shaman\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/v314-shaman.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1379,1506\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Bruno shaman\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/v314-shaman-937x1024.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/v314-shaman-274x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2363\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/v314-shaman-274x300.jpg 274w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/v314-shaman-937x1024.jpg 937w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/v314-shaman.jpg 1379w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 274px) 100vw, 274px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Je ne suis pas de ces profs qui donnent aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves une m\u00e9thode toute pr\u00eate, avec l\u2019illusion qu\u2019elle puisse convenir \u00e0 tous les temp\u00e9raments. Je glisse quand m\u00eame quelques conseils qui me semblent pouvoir s\u2019appliquer de mani\u00e8re assez g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, et notamment celui de ne jamais commencer \u00e0 r\u00e9diger un texte avant d\u2019avoir un plan, et donc une id\u00e9e assez pr\u00e9cise de ce que l\u2019on va dire. Bref, r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir avant de commencer \u00e0 \u00e9crire, ce qui n\u2019interdit bien s\u00fbr pas de continuer \u00e0 r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir quand on \u00e9crit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Je ne donnerais pourtant pas ce conseil aux auteurs de jeu, et cela illustre un peu les limites du rapprochement entre la cr\u00e9ation ludique et le travail d\u2019\u00e9criture, qu\u2019il s\u2019agisse d\u2019articles, d\u2019essais ou de romans. Contrairement \u00e0 celui qui r\u00e9dige un texte, l\u2019auteur de jeu part toujours un peu \u00e0 l\u2019aventure, sans sch\u00e9ma pr\u00e9\u00e9tabli, sans \u00ab&nbsp;roadmap&nbsp;\u00bb &#8211; encore un mot anglais qui n\u2019a pas vraiment d\u2019\u00e9quivalent en fran\u00e7ais. S\u2019il sait exactement o\u00f9 il veut aller, quel th\u00e8me, quel style, combien de joueurs, quelle dur\u00e9e, il n\u2019arrivera sans doute nulle part. L\u2019auteur de jeu n\u2019\u00e9crit pas une histoire, n\u2019expose pas une th\u00e9orie, il construit de bric et de broc, par approximations successives, un syst\u00e8me qui ne peut pas vraiment avoir de sens intrins\u00e8que mais qui fonctionne &#8211; ou pas. C\u2019est une activit\u00e9 qui tient plus de la cuisine ou du bricolage que de l\u2019\u00e9criture, il y faut savoir improviser, r\u00e9agir, ne surtout pas \u00eatre tenu par un cadre trop contraignant \u2013 ce qui est paradoxal car le jeu est, lui, la structure la plus rigide qui soit. C&#8217;est pour cela que je n&#8217;ai aucun probl\u00e8me pour travailler avec des \u00e9diteurs dont les opinions politiques sont assez \u00e9oloign\u00e9es des miennes, et que le seul discours politique ou lit\u00e9raire que je tienne parfois, assez rarement, dans mes jeux prend la forme de citations ou de gags, et non d&#8217;une argumentation que la structure m\u00eame du jeu rendrait simpliste ou malhonn\u00eate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En anglais, penser \u00ab&nbsp;hors des sentiers battus&nbsp;\u00bb se dit penser \u00ab&nbsp;out of the box&nbsp;\u00bb, hors de la boite, expression r\u00e9cente et dont l\u2019origine est d\u2019ailleurs dans le monde du jeu. La fonction du jeu est de cr\u00e9er, pour un temps limit\u00e9, un cadre intellectuel r\u00e9gl\u00e9 ferm\u00e9 et rassurant \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur duquel les joueurs puissent penser quelques temps sans le moindre risque de sortir de la boite. L\u2019auteur de jeu doit pourtant lui, dans une certaine mesure, \u00eatre capable de sortir un peu de sa boite &#8211; pas trop loin quand m\u00eame, car cr\u00e9er des jeux reste un peu un jeu, une activit\u00e9 dont l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat vient largement de ce qu\u2019elle est inutile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cela renvoie \u00e0 un autre paradoxe. Alors que le jeu est une activit\u00e9 sociale, exerc\u00e9e en groupe et souvent apr\u00e8s quelques verres, les auteurs de jeux sont, dans leur grande majorit\u00e9, des gens qui ont un temp\u00e9rament plut\u00f4t solitaire. Les studios, comme Kaedama ou Prospero Hall, sont rares, et l\u2019immense majorit\u00e9 des auteurs travaillent le plus souvent seuls. Je sais qu\u2019il peut m\u2019arriver de g\u00e9n\u00e9raliser \u00e0 partir de mon cas personnel, mais je peux vous assurer que, sur ce point, j\u2019ai fait quelques stats et elles sont assez impressionnantes. Lors des salons ludiques, j\u2019ai souvent constat\u00e9 que les auteurs, moi le premier, restaient bien plus souvent \u00e0 m\u00e9diter dans leur coin que les illustrateurs, les \u00e9diteurs, les commerciaux et, surtout, les joueurs. Pour autant, les auteurs de jeu aiment jouer, et jouer avec d\u2019autres, tout comme les \u00e9crivains aiment lire et les musiciens \u00e9couter de la musique \u2013 mais il est vrai que l\u2019interaction sociale g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9e par les jeux est un peu particuli\u00e8re.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On m\u2019objectera peut-\u00eatre que je suis, justement,&nbsp;l\u2019un des auteurs ayant publi\u00e9 le plus de jeux con\u00e7us avec un coauteur. C\u2019est effectivement le cas, mais le travail de conception du jeu, souvent avec un co-auteur se trouvant \u00e0 l\u2019autre bout du monde, rel\u00e8ve plus souvent du relais, chacun travaillant \u00e0 son tour et r\u00e9pondant aux blocages rencontr\u00e9s par son partenaire, que de la collaboration. Les r\u00e9unions de brain-storming \u00e0 deux autour d\u2019une table, ou m\u00eame d\u2019un appel video, sont relativement rares \u2013 \u00e0 l\u2019exception souvent de celle qui lance le projet, et c\u2019est justement pour cela que le co-autorat est particuli\u00e8rement difficile. En effet, les deux auteurs s\u2019entendent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement au d\u00e9but sur un projet, une feuille de route, et cela &nbsp;rend plus difficile que pour un projet en solo les changements de th\u00e8me ou de m\u00e9canique en cours de route, les rebonds pour faire un jeu finalement bien diff\u00e9rent du projet initial, bref, cette ouverture souvent n\u00e9cessaire \u00e0 la r\u00e9ussite.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tout cela renvoie \u00e0 la nature des interactions sociales cr\u00e9\u00e9es par les jeux de soci\u00e9t\u00e9 \u2013 je ne parlerai pas ici des jeux video ou des jeux de r\u00f4les, dont le cas est assez diff\u00e9rent et, je pense, plus complexe. Certes, les jeux cr\u00e9ent de l\u2019interaction sociale mais, parce qu\u2019il faut comme je l\u2019ai dit plus haut rester \u00ab&nbsp;dans la boite&nbsp;\u00bb, l\u2019interaction et la capacit\u00e9 d\u2019initiative (ce que les anglophones appellent \u00ab&nbsp;agency&nbsp;\u00bb, encore un mot anglais sans \u00e9quivalent fran\u00e7ais) restent superficielles, limit\u00e9es, encadr\u00e9es. L\u2019une des grandes qualit\u00e9s sociales du jeu est d\u2019ailleurs de permettre de passer un bon moment avec des gens que l\u2019on conna\u00eet, que l\u2019on aime bien, mais avec qui on n\u2019a pas n\u00e9cessairement envie de raconter sa vie ou de parler politique. Et quand on joue avec ceux avec qui l\u2019on a l\u2019habitude raconter sa vie ou parler politique, c\u2019est justement pour prendre un break.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cela nous am\u00e8ne \u00e0 un troisi\u00e8me paradoxe, qui semble remettre en cause un peu tout ce que j\u2019ai \u00e9crit jusque-l\u00e0, le succ\u00e8s r\u00e9cent des jeux de soci\u00e9t\u00e9 pour un seul joueur \u2013 qu\u2019il est assez ironique, du coup, d\u2019appeler \u00ab&nbsp;jeux de soci\u00e9t\u00e9&nbsp;\u00bb. Cela existe en fait depuis longtemps dans le jeu video, des \u00e9normes jeux ouverts aux r\u00e9ussites, et ces derni\u00e8res sont plus anciennes encore sous forme de jeux de cartes \u2013 mon grand-p\u00e8re en faisait quand j\u2019\u00e9tais enfant. Rien de vraiment nouveau, et je ne pense pas que la mode actuelle perdure longtemps, tant l\u2019ordinateur se pr\u00eate mieux que la boite en carton aux activit\u00e9s solitaires. Je ne l\u2019esp\u00e8re pas en tout cas, je ne semble pas tr\u00e8s dou\u00e9 pour concevoir des jeux solo, ni m\u00eame pour imaginer des versions solitaires de mes cr\u00e9ations. J\u2019entends dire beaucoup de bien de la variante solo de The Artemis Odyssey, mais c\u2019est Serge Laget qui en \u00e9tait enti\u00e8rement responsable, je n\u2019ai fait qu\u2019y jouer quatre ou cinq fois pour donner mon opinion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-medium\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/v315-grand-chaman.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"282\" height=\"300\" data-attachment-id=\"2364\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2013\/07\/30\/entre-les-mondes-between-worlds\/v315-grand-chaman\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/v315-grand-chaman.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1748,1858\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Bruno grand shaman\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/v315-grand-chaman-963x1024.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/v315-grand-chaman-282x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2364\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/v315-grand-chaman-282x300.jpg 282w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/v315-grand-chaman-963x1024.jpg 963w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/v315-grand-chaman.jpg 1748w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 282px) 100vw, 282px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>As a teacher, I am careful not to promote to my student a unique studying method which should work for every one of them. I nevertheless give a few advice which, I think, are valid for everyone. One of them is to never start writing a text without having, at least, a plan, an outline, a precise idea of what they want to say. In short, think first and then write, even though one should keep thinking while writing.&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Surprisingly, I don&#8217;t\u2019 give this same advice to wannabe game designers, and this is a good illustration of the major differences between boardgame design and other writing works, be they writing articles, essays or novels. Unlike the writer, the game designer usually starts without an outline of what they want to do, they go on an adventure without a roadmap. If you know exactly where you are going, what theme, what length, what style, how many players, you will probably end not going anywhere. The game designer is not telling a story, is not defending an opinion, is not explaining a theory. The game designer is working by successive approximations, and it feels as much like cooking than as writing \u2013 all the while building a game, meaning a closed and rigid structure entirely defined by its rules.<\/em> <em>This is why I have no problem working with publishers whose political ideas are very different from mine, and why the only political, social or literary discourse I sometimes smuggle in is made of a few discreet quotes and puns. Trying to do more, to develop a real reasoning, would be simplistic and\/or dishonest.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>I like the English expression \u201cthinking out of the box\u201d. The French nearest equivalent means something like \u201cleaving the well-trodden paths\u201d, which is not exactly the same idea. Thinking out of the box is a relatively recent expression, whose origin is, no surprise, in games. The function of a game is to imprison the players for a limited time in a small reassuring world, bound by clear and finite rules, a small world with no risk of thinking out of the box. The game designer, on the other hand, must be able to get out of the box \u2013 but not too far, since designing a game is still a bit of a game, an activity whose main point is that it has no point \u2013 it just has rules.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>This brings us to a second paradox. While playing boardgames is mostly a social activity, mostly played in groups and after some wine or beer, most game designers are loners. Studios, like Kaedama or Prospero Hall, are the exception and most game designers usually work alone. I know that I too often generalize from my personal experience, but I can assure you it\u2019s not the case here \u2013 I made a few stats, they are impressive. At game fairs, I\u2019ve even noticed that game designers were meditating, alone, in a corner of the booth, much more often than illustrators, publishers, commercials and, most of all, players. They enjoy playing games, like writers enjoy reading and musicians enjoy other people\u2019s music, but game design is not a social activity like gaming is. This social aspect should not be overstated, though.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>This might sound surprising coming from a game designer who is well-known for his many co-designs, often with a co-designer in some far away country. I do it, I like it, but co-design is more often a relay, each designer in turn solving the issues and blockings met by the other, than a true collaboration. Brain-storming meeting at the same table, or even through video-calls, are relatively rare, except at the very beginning, and that\u2019s why co-design, which has its plus, can also be more difficult. Usually, both designers first discuss a relatively precise idea before starting working on it, a project if not a roadmap. It makes major changes in theme or mechanism, or even bouncing to a completely different game idea, more difficult than in solo design, it constrains designers to stay more or less in the box they have initially designed.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>True, games are creating social interaction and player agency, but these are extremely specific. I am only here discussing boardgames, since I think the issue is a bit different with video games and role-playing games. True, boardgames bring players around the same table, with drinks and snacks, but the interaction and agency (a word which unfortunately has no equivalent in French, so this paragraph was easier to write in English) they generate are superficial, limited by the rules and therefore, once more, strictly enclosed in the box. This is why one of the great qualities of boardgames is that they give an opportunity to have a good time with people we like but don\u2019t really want to discuss politics or personal matters with. And when we play with people we use to discuss politics or personal stuff with, we enjoy the break.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>There\u2019s another paradox, which seems to negate most of what I\u2019ve written here so far, the recent emergence of one player boardgames. This is still marginal, though, and not that new. There are already thousands of one players video games, being monster open world games or just phone solitaire games. Solitaire card games have been here for centuries, and my grandfather, the only person in my family with some interest in gaming, used to play it a lot. I have some doubts about the recent trend towards one player boardgames, because computer seem to be a much more convenient tool for solitaire gaming than cardboard. I\u2019m also very bad at designing solo games. I\u2019ve heard lots of nice things about the solo version of The Artemis Odyssey, but this part was only Serge\u2019s work. I just played it a few times to check it worked \u2013 indeed, it does.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Je ne suis pas de ces profs qui donnent aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves une m\u00e9thode toute pr\u00eate, avec l\u2019illusion qu\u2019elle puisse convenir \u00e0 tous les temp\u00e9raments. Je glisse quand m\u00eame quelques conseils qui me semblent pouvoir s\u2019appliquer de mani\u00e8re assez g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, et &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2023\/10\/18\/creer-dans-la-boite-les-paradoxes-de-la-creation-de-jeu-de-societe-an-open-mind-in-a-closed-box-the-paradoxes-of-boardgame-design\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2364,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[123],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-16080","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-creation-ludique-game-design"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/v315-grand-chaman.jpg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p2HNOP-4bm","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16080","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16080"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16080\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16082,"href":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16080\/revisions\/16082"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2364"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16080"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16080"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16080"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}