{"id":16062,"date":"2023-10-09T11:57:16","date_gmt":"2023-10-09T11:57:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/?p=16062"},"modified":"2023-10-11T21:29:13","modified_gmt":"2023-10-11T21:29:13","slug":"legendes-de-louest-et-du-pamir-legends-of-the-west-and-the-pamir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2023\/10\/09\/legendes-de-louest-et-du-pamir-legends-of-the-west-and-the-pamir\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u00e9gendes de l&#8217;Ouest et du Pamir <br><i>Legends of the west and the Pamir<\/i>"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-medium\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/card9.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"274\" height=\"300\" data-attachment-id=\"653\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2012\/05\/01\/la-vallee-des-mammouths-valley-of-the-mammoths\/card9\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/card9.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"916,1000\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Bruno Shaman\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/card9.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/card9-274x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-653\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/card9-274x300.jpg 274w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/card9.jpg 916w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 274px) 100vw, 274px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>La version \u00ab&nbsp;Legacy&nbsp;\u00bb des <em>Aventuriers du rail, L\u00e9gendes de l&#8217;Ouest<\/em>, \u00e0 laquelle je n\u2019ai pas encore jou\u00e9, a \u00e9t\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement tr\u00e8s bien re\u00e7ue dans le petit monde du jeu de soci\u00e9t\u00e9. L\u2019\u00e9quipe qui l\u2019a d\u00e9velopp\u00e9, Alan Moon, Matt Leacock et Rob Daviau, r\u00e9unit quelques uns des meilleurs auteurs contemporains. Tout ce que j\u2019ai lu me fait envie, et je vais sans doute me le procurer, m\u00eame si je doute fort de pouvoir jamais r\u00e9unir une \u00e9quipe pr\u00eate \u00e0 faire les douze parties de la campagne. Sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux, ce jeu a fait l\u2019objet de quelques critiques, f\u00e9roces mais marginales, sur la mani\u00e8re dont il pr\u00e9senterait d\u00e9veloppement du r\u00e9seau ferr\u00e9 aux Etats-Unis. Ces critiques me semblent mal fond\u00e9es, et je ne pouvais pas laisser passer une telle occasion de m\u2019exprimer \u00e0 la fois en tant que prof, historien, marxiste et auteur de jeux, et de m\u2019\u00e9tonner une fois encore de la propension de beaucoup, \u00e0 gauche, \u00e0 se tromper d\u2019ennemi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Comme il \u00e9tait difficile de r\u00e9pondre de mani\u00e8re argument\u00e9e en 280 caract\u00e8res, j\u2019ai d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de d\u00e9velopper un peu pour \u00e9crire ce post de blog. L\u2019une des trois discussions a rapidement d\u00e9riv\u00e9 sur un sujet voisin, mon hostilit\u00e9 aux jeux \u00e9ducatifs et ma m\u00e9fiance envers les jeux \u00ab&nbsp;\u00e0 message&nbsp;\u00bb, m\u00eame et surtout lorsque je suis d\u2019accord avec le message. J\u2019aborderai donc aussi un peu ce point en deuxi\u00e8me partie.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-medium\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Legends-of-the-West-1.jpeg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"221\" data-attachment-id=\"16065\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/legends-of-the-west-1\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Legends-of-the-West-1.jpeg\" data-orig-size=\"816,600\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Legends of the West 1\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Legends-of-the-West-1-584x429.jpeg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Legends-of-the-West-1-300x221.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16065\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Legends-of-the-West-1-300x221.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Legends-of-the-West-1-584x429.jpeg 584w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Legends-of-the-West-1-150x110.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Legends-of-the-West-1-408x300.jpeg 408w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Legends-of-the-West-1.jpeg 816w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Certes, la nouvelle version des <em>Aventuriers du rail<\/em>, un jeu d\u00e9j\u00e0 classique, illustre de toute \u00e9vidence, plus encore que l\u2019original, une version fantasm\u00e9e de la conqu\u00eate de l\u2019ouest, des rails sur la prairie. Le jeu, qui s\u2019appelle \u00ab&nbsp;<em>L\u00e9gendes de l\u2019ouest<\/em>&nbsp;\u00bb et non \u00ab&nbsp;<em>Histoire de l\u2019ouest<\/em>&nbsp;\u00bb ne s\u2019en cache nullement. M\u00eame quelqu\u2019un qui, comme moi, ne connait \u00e0 peu pr\u00e8s rien \u00e0 l\u2019histoire am\u00e9ricaine, ne peut, au simple vu de la boite, avoir le moindre doute. Si cela ne suffisait pas, une note des auteurs dans les r\u00e8gles indique bien qu\u2019ils sont parfaitement conscients de s\u2019\u00eatre inspir\u00e9s des clich\u00e9s (tropes) sur la conqu\u00eate de l\u2019ouest, lesquels ignorent largement son co\u00fbt humain aussi bien pour les tribus indiennes que pour les travailleurs. Paradoxalement, cette note a peut-\u00eatre aggrav\u00e9 le probl\u00e8me &#8211; en tant que prof, je sais que c\u2019est souvent une erreur de prendre les \u00e9l\u00e8ves pour des idiots en leur disant des choses qu\u2019ils ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 comprises.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-medium\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Legends-of-the-West-2.jpeg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" data-attachment-id=\"16064\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/legends-of-the-west-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Legends-of-the-West-2.jpeg\" data-orig-size=\"1920,1280\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Legends of the West 2\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Legends-of-the-West-2-584x389.jpeg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Legends-of-the-West-2-300x200.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16064\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Legends-of-the-West-2-300x200.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Legends-of-the-West-2-584x389.jpeg 584w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Legends-of-the-West-2-150x100.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Legends-of-the-West-2-1536x1024.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Legends-of-the-West-2-450x300.jpeg 450w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Legends-of-the-West-2.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Malgr\u00e9 cela, certains ont reproch\u00e9 \u00e0 ce jeu de ne pas \u00eatre fid\u00e8le \u00e0 la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 historique, voire d\u2019\u00eatre un peu raciste, puisqu\u2019il ne met pas en sc\u00e8ne les tribus indiennes sur les terres desquelles les voies ferr\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construites, et tr\u00e8s pro-capitaliste, puisqu\u2019il ne dit rien de l\u2019exploitation des esclaves puis des cheminots pour construire ces m\u00eames voies. Le jeu n\u2019est bien s\u00fbr ni l\u2019un, ni l\u2019autre, puisqu\u2019il ne pr\u00e9tend nullement \u00eatre historique et assume clairement, ce qui n\u2019est pas le cas de bien d\u2019autres jeux aux vaguement historiques, \u00eatre fond\u00e9 sur des clich\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cet univers romantique et un peu enfantin est sans doute l\u2019une des raisons qui me donnent envie de jouer aux <em>Aventuriers du Rail &#8211; L\u00e9gendes de l\u2019ouest<\/em>. Je jouerai peut-\u00eatre aussi avec plaisir \u00e0 un jeu s\u00e9rieux et militant pr\u00e9tendant \u00ab&nbsp;d\u00e9mystifier&nbsp;\u00bb la conqu\u00eate de l\u2019ouest en d\u00e9truisant des clich\u00e9s que personne ne prend plus vraiment au s\u00e9rieux, mais je n\u2019en suis pas certain car ce serait un autre jeu visant un autre public.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La vision romantique et fantasm\u00e9e de l\u2019histoire am\u00e9ricaine qui appara\u00eet dans Les Aventuriers du Rail m\u00e9rite certainement d\u2019\u00eatre utilis\u00e9e avec prudence, ce qui est le cas dans ce jeu, et \u00e9ventuellement d\u2019\u00eatre \u00e9tudi\u00e9e et analys\u00e9e. Je m\u2019y \u00e9tais un peu essay\u00e9 il y a une dizaine d\u2019ann\u00e9es dans mon essai sur <em><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"3780\" target=\"_blank\">D\u00e9coloniser Catan<\/a><\/em>, puis dans <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2013\/02\/03\/trains\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"1640\" target=\"_blank\">un article sur les jeux de trains<\/a>. En fran\u00e7ais, des \u00e9tudes critiques sur l\u2019imaginaire m\u00e9di\u00e9val dans les jeux ont \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9es ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, notamment par Anne Besson, centr\u00e9es sur les jeux de r\u00f4les et les jeux video ; la conqu\u00eate de l\u2019ouest, m\u00eame si le th\u00e8me est moins pr\u00e9gnant dans le jeu de soci\u00e9t\u00e9, m\u00e9riterait le m\u00eame traitement. Des universitaires am\u00e9ricains travaillent sans doute sur le sujet ; je n\u2019ai pas vraiment cherch\u00e9, mais si on m\u2019envoie un article s\u00e9rieux, je le lirai avec plaisir.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-medium\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/pax-pamir.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"234\" data-attachment-id=\"12225\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/pax-pamir\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/pax-pamir.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"769,600\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"pax pamir\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/pax-pamir-584x456.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/pax-pamir-300x234.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/pax-pamir-300x234.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/pax-pamir-584x456.jpg 584w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/pax-pamir-150x117.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/pax-pamir-385x300.jpg 385w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/pax-pamir.jpg 769w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Les critiques ne reprochent en fait pas vraiment \u00e0 ce jeu de ne pas \u00eatre historique, ils le condamnent surtout pour ne m\u00eame pas essayer de l\u2019\u00eatre, pour ne pas prendre son th\u00e8me au s\u00e9rieux. Si j\u2019ai pu appr\u00e9cier quelques jeux au th\u00e8me historique tr\u00e8s s\u00e9rieux, comme r\u00e9cemment <em>Pax Pamir<\/em>, je n\u2019ai jamais confondu une partie de jeu et un cours d\u2019histoire. J\u2018ai dans un coin de ma t\u00eate une vague id\u00e9e de jeu de cartes sur les d\u00e9buts de l\u2019ouverture du Japon vers l\u2019Ouest dans les ann\u00e9es 1850, mais si ce projet aboutit, le ton en sera sans doute plus l\u00e9ger et ironique. Bon, j\u2019esp\u00e8re que Cole Wehrle ne va pas m\u2019\u00e9crire qu\u2019il a d\u00e9j\u00e0 commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 bosser sur ce sujet, qui lui irait assez bien.<br>En regardant sur les \u00e9tag\u00e8res o\u00f9 se trouvent mes jeux publi\u00e9s, je n&#8217;en vois que trois au th\u00e8me vaguement historique, <em>Myst\u00e8re \u00e0 l&#8217;Abbaye, La Vall\u00e9e des Mammouths<\/em> et <em>Silk Road<\/em>. Aucun des trois, c&#8217;est le moins que l&#8217;on puisse dire, n&#8217;a le moindre contenu historique un peu s\u00e9rieux. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019id\u00e9e que les jeux de soci\u00e9t\u00e9 devraient toujours prendre leur th\u00e8me au s\u00e9rieux me g\u00e8ne \u00e9norm\u00e9ment. Elle implique en effet que, contrairement aux auteurs et aux critiques, les joueurs ordinaires seraient des idiots incapables de regard critique, de faire la diff\u00e9rence entre l\u2019histoire et la l\u00e9gende, entre le premier et le second degr\u00e9. Elle sous-entend surtout que les jeux tireraient leur valeur de leur caract\u00e8re \u00e9ducatif. <a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2013\/07\/10\/jeu-et-education-games-and-education\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"2347\">J\u2019ai d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur ce site<\/a> expliqu\u00e9 pourquoi je n\u2019utilise pas les jeux dans mes cours, et pourquoi je consid\u00e8re l\u2019id\u00e9e m\u00eame de jeu \u00e9ducatif comme un oxymore d\u00e9valorisant aussi bien pour les enseignants que pour les auteurs de jeu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On peut apprendre tr\u00e8s efficacement l\u2019histoire en lisant des livres d\u2019histoire. On le peut encore, m\u00eame si cela prend beaucoup plus de temps, en lisant des romans, en regardant des films, en pratiquant certains jeux video ou jeux de r\u00f4les, si l\u2019on prend garde \u00e0 ce que l\u2019intrigue ne prenne pas le pas sur le contexte. Les jeux de soci\u00e9t\u00e9, enti\u00e8rement centr\u00e9s sur leurs r\u00e8gles, peuvent difficilement avoir la m\u00eame profondeur psychologique, la m\u00eame subtilit\u00e9 dialectique, ou m\u00eame simplement apporter la m\u00eame quantit\u00e9 d\u2019informations. C\u2019est pour la m\u00eame raison qu\u2019il est rarissime qu&#8217;ils parviennent \u00e0 faire passer un message politique sans sombrer dans la caricature.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>J\u2019ai d\u00e9j\u00e0 bien du mal, dans mes cours, transmettre tout le contenu sur lequel je souhaite faire r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir mes \u00e9l\u00e8ves, je n\u2019y parviendrais jamais si je devais utiliser comme m\u00e9diateur un outil aussi complexe et rigide qu\u2019une r\u00e8gle de jeu. Je n\u2019ai pas de temps \u00e0 perdre avec des r\u00e8gles, et j\u2019ai besoin de la souplesse, des possibilit\u00e9s d\u2019improvisation, de discussion et d\u2019adaptation que seul le cours oral peut apporter. <em>Pax Pamir<\/em>, sans doute le plus r\u00e9fl\u00e9chi et le mieux document\u00e9 des jeux de soci\u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9rieusement historiques auxquels j\u2018ai jou\u00e9, et celui auquel j&#8217;ai leplus pris de plaisir, demande deux heures de jeu pour un contenu qui tiendrait sur un article d\u2019une vingtaine de pages ou un podcast d\u2019une demi heure . C\u2019est un excellent jeu, surtout quand on conna\u00eet d\u00e9j\u00e0 un peu son th\u00e8me, mais c\u2019est un outil p\u00e9dagogique bien peu performant. On peut d&#8217;ailleurs finir la partie sans savoir qui a gagn\u00e9 (les anglais ont perdu, les russes n&#8217;ont pas vraiment gagn\u00e9).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Il y a une dizaine d\u2019ann\u00e9es, je terminais mon essai sur le tropisme colonial dans les jeux de soci\u00e9t\u00e9 en expliquant que le probl\u00e8me \u00e9tait moins le recours aux clich\u00e9s historiques et\/ou exotiques que le fait que ce recours soit parfois inconscient et trop rarement assum\u00e9 et\/ou ironique. Au vu des \u00e9volutions r\u00e9centes du petit monde du jeu, je pense que j\u2019aurais d\u00fb insister plus encore sur ce dernier point. Dans <em>Les Aventuriers du Rails &#8211; L\u00e9gendes de l&#8217;Ouest<\/em>, les clich\u00e9s sont parfaitement conscients et revendiqu\u00e9s. Comme le remarque <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.polygon.com\/tabletop-games\/23885707\/ticket-to-ride-legacy-legends-of-the-west-review-spoiler-free\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.polygon.com\/tabletop-games\/23885707\/ticket-to-ride-legacy-legends-of-the-west-review-spoiler-free\" target=\"_blank\">une astucieuse critique<\/a>, le jeu ne donne pas une vision biais\u00e9e de l\u2019histoire, il s\u2019en d\u00e9barrasse et la jette par la fen\u00eatre. Beaucoup d\u2019auteurs, moi le premier, proc\u00e8dent fr\u00e9quemment ainsi, et ceux qui le font consciemment et le revendiquent sont ceux auxquels il est le moins l\u00e9gitime de le reprocher.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dans l\u2019une des trois discussions sur Twitter et Bluesky qui sont \u00e0 l\u2019origine de cet article, Cole Wehrle, auteur notamment du tr\u00e8s s\u00e9rieux <em>Pax Pamir<\/em> et du plus ironique <em>Root<\/em>, a tr\u00e8s bien r\u00e9sum\u00e9 le probl\u00e8me : \u00ab&nbsp; je pense que nous condamnons trop facilement des jeux, alors qu\u2019il y a de bonnes raisons pour lesquelles ils ignorent un point particulier. Il n\u2019en reste pas moins important d\u2019analyser les jeux (et les livres) et de s\u2019interroger sur les effets de leurs mises en sc\u00e8ne.&nbsp;\u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-medium\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/card7.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"282\" height=\"300\" data-attachment-id=\"651\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2012\/05\/01\/la-vallee-des-mammouths-valley-of-the-mammoths\/card7\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/card7.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"941,1000\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Bruno Shaman\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/card7.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/card7-282x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-651\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/card7-282x300.jpg 282w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/card7.jpg 941w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 282px) 100vw, 282px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><em>The legacy version of <\/em>Ticket to Ride<em>, which I\u2019ve not played yet, seems to be very well received in the small gaming world, which is not surprising given the great team of designers, Alan Moon, Matt Leacock and Rob Daviau. Everything I\u2019ve read about it makes me want to play it, and I will certainly get a copy soon, even when I doubt being able to get a stable team of players ready to play the twelve parts of the campaign. On social networks, however, there has been some marginal but fierce criticisms of the way it is describing the rail network development in the US. I think these criticisms are ill-founded.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>I could not let pass an occasion to speak at the same time as a historian (with a PhD), a teacher (of social sciences), a Marxist (though not always the most orthodox one) and a game designer (with nearly a hundred games under my belt), and to highlight the growing propension of many western leftists to pick the wrong enemy. Since it was hard to really explain my point in 280 characters, better write a blog post. One of the three simultaneous discussions on the subject rapidly digressed on a slightly different topic, my hostility to educative games and my reluctance to games trying to deliver a message \u2013 even and may be even more when I agree with the said message.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-medium\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Legends-of-the-West-1.jpeg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"221\" data-attachment-id=\"16065\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/legends-of-the-west-1\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Legends-of-the-West-1.jpeg\" data-orig-size=\"816,600\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Legends of the West 1\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Legends-of-the-West-1-584x429.jpeg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Legends-of-the-West-1-300x221.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16065\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Legends-of-the-West-1-300x221.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Legends-of-the-West-1-584x429.jpeg 584w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Legends-of-the-West-1-150x110.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Legends-of-the-West-1-408x300.jpeg 408w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Legends-of-the-West-1.jpeg 816w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><em>The action in <\/em>Ticket to Ride &#8211; Legends of the West<em> obviously takes place in a romantic fantasied version of the American frontier story, rails on the prairie. The game doesn\u2019t try to hide this &#8211; it\u2019s named <\/em>&#8220;Legends of the West&#8221;<em>, not <\/em>&#8220;History of the West&#8221;<em>. Even someone like me, who knows nearly nothing of American history, should notice it at first glance. If there were still doubts, a larged boxed paragraph in the rules even specifies that the game is inspired by tropes of the old west, which ignore the human cost for both Indian tribes and rail workers. Paradoxically, this note might have aggravated the issue &#8211; as a teacher, I know it\u2019s usually a bad move to take students for idiots with telling them what they obviously already know. On the other hand, well, you never know exactly who will play your game.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-medium\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Legends-of-the-West-2.jpeg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" data-attachment-id=\"16064\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/legends-of-the-west-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Legends-of-the-West-2.jpeg\" data-orig-size=\"1920,1280\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Legends of the West 2\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Legends-of-the-West-2-584x389.jpeg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Legends-of-the-West-2-300x200.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16064\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Legends-of-the-West-2-300x200.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Legends-of-the-West-2-584x389.jpeg 584w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Legends-of-the-West-2-150x100.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Legends-of-the-West-2-1536x1024.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Legends-of-the-West-2-450x300.jpeg 450w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Legends-of-the-West-2.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><em>Despite these carefully laid caveats, the game has been criticized for not being historically faithful, or even for being vaguely racist, since it doesn\u2019t feature the native tribes whose territories these tracks were laid on, and definitely pro-capitalist, since it ignored the exploitation of slaves and other rail workers in building the network. It is neither one nor the other, since it doesn\u2019t pretend to be historical, and the designers clearly assume having built it on clich\u00e9s and tropes. And, yes, this romanticized and even a bit childish background is one of the reasons why I\u2019m eager to play this new <\/em>Ticket to Ride<em>. I might enjoy as well a more serious and political game aiming at debunking the American railway myths, but I\u2019m not sure of it and, anyway, it would be a completely different game aimed at a different market niche.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>The fantasy version of the American railway history which appears in <\/em>Ticket to Ride &#8211; Legends of the West<em> certainly requires to be used with care, but it clearly is here, and even to be studied and analyzed. I vaguely touched on this a dozen years ago in my essay about <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/06\/02\/postcolonial-catan\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"3780\" target=\"_blank\">Postcolonial Catan<\/a>, before the idea was fashionable, and in <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2013\/02\/03\/trains\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"1640\" target=\"_blank\">a blogpost about train games<\/a>. I\u2019ve read a few interesting academic studies of the image of the Middle Ages in games, though in French and mostly about video and role-playing games, among others by Anne Besson. Even when it is a less pervasive setting, the old west certainly deserves the same type of research. I bet there are already American scholars working on it, and if someone sends me an article, I will gladly read it.&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-medium\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/pax-pamir.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"234\" data-attachment-id=\"12225\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/pax-pamir\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/pax-pamir.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"769,600\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"pax pamir\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/pax-pamir-584x456.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/pax-pamir-300x234.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/pax-pamir-300x234.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/pax-pamir-584x456.jpg 584w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/pax-pamir-150x117.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/pax-pamir-385x300.jpg 385w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/pax-pamir.jpg 769w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><em>In the end, what some critics reproach to the new <\/em>Ticket to Ride<em> is not that it is not historically faithful, it is that it doesn\u2019t even try, that it doesn\u2019t consider its setting to be something serious.<br>I have enjoyed a few serious historical games, the last one being <\/em>Pax Pamir<em>, but I have never considered them to be a lecture in history. I have a very vague idea for a card game about the opening of Japan to the West in the 1850s, but if I ever finish it, it will probably have a more tongue in cheek feel. Well, let\u2019s hope I won\u2019t get a mail from Cole Wehrle saying he\u2019s already working on this topic, which would fit him quite well.<br>When I look up at the shelves with my published games, I see only three with vaguely historical settings, <\/em>Mystery of the Abbey, Silk Road<em> and <\/em>Valley of the Mammoths<em>. None has the slighest amount of serious historical content or discourse, even when I could have done it for the first one.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>As an historian who, for forty years, has mostly designed game based on ridiculous fantasy settings, I find the idea that games should always take their setting seriously very disturbing. It implies that, unlike game designers and reviewers, average gamers are unfazed idiots, unable of any critical view, unable to make the difference between fantasy and history. It is also linked to the idea that the value of games is in their educational use. <a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2013\/07\/10\/jeu-et-education-games-and-education\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"2347\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">I have already explained on this blog<\/a> why I consider the idea of \u00ab&nbsp;educational games&nbsp;\u00bb to be an absurdity which belittles both game designers and teachers.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>One can learn history very effectively with reading history books. One can learn some bits of it with reading novels, watching movies or playing some video or role playing games, providing one is careful not to let the intrigue take over the context. Boardgames, being terribly rules-centric, cannot have the same psychological depth, the same dialectical subtlety, or even only bring the same amount of information. For this same reason, boardgames are not really adapted to the transmission of political messages, and those which try do it usually end up being simplistic.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>I already struggle to bring to my students all the content I want them to think over, I cannot imagine having to do this through a media as rigid as game rules. I\u2019ve no time to lose on rules, and I need the free-form flexibility, the possibility to react, discuss and improvise which only exists in oral and relatively freeform lectures. Even <\/em>Pax Pamir<em>, the best example I\u2019ve played of a well thought out and documented historical boardgame, and one I'(ve had great pleasure un playing, takes two or three  hours to bring the content one could learn reading a 20 pages article or listening to a 30 minutes podcast. It\u2019s great to play as a game, especially if you already have some knowledge of the subject<\/em>. <em>it\u2019s inefficient as a teaching tool.<\/em> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>A dozen years ago, i ended my long blogpost, or short essay, on the colonial tropes in boardgames with explaining why the real issue was not the use of historical \/ exotic clich\u00e9s but the fact that this use was too often unconscious and too rarely assumed and\/or ironic. In the light of what a part of the boardgaming scene has become since, I think I should have emphasized the last point even more. Anyway, in <\/em>Ticket to Ride &#8211; Legends of the West<em>, the clich\u00e9s are conscious and assumed. It doesn\u2019t give a wrong or biased version of history, it gets rid of history and throws it out of the window (see <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/www.polygon.com\/tabletop-games\/23885707\/ticket-to-ride-legacy-legends-of-the-west-review-spoiler-free\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"(https:\/\/www.polygon.com\/tabletop-games\/23885707\/ticket-to-ride-legacy-legends-of-the-west-review-spoiler-free\" target=\"_blank\">this clever review<\/a>). That\u2019s what most game designers do, and I don\u2019t think it can be reproached to those who do it honestly and clearly.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Cole Wehrle, designer of the very serious <\/em>Pax Pamir<em> and the more tongue in cheek <\/em>Root<em>, summarized this very well in one of the three simultaneous Twitter and Bluesky discussions which made me write this blogpost \u00ab&nbsp;I think we often are too quick to call out erasure when, in fact, there are other good reasons why a game is not covering a particular element. Of course, I still think it&#8217;s important to scrutinize games (and books) and to consider the consequences of their framing.&nbsp;\u00bb <\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La version \u00ab&nbsp;Legacy&nbsp;\u00bb des Aventuriers du rail, L\u00e9gendes de l&#8217;Ouest, \u00e0 laquelle je n\u2019ai pas encore jou\u00e9, a \u00e9t\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement tr\u00e8s bien re\u00e7ue dans le petit monde du jeu de soci\u00e9t\u00e9. L\u2019\u00e9quipe qui l\u2019a d\u00e9velopp\u00e9, Alan Moon, Matt Leacock et &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2023\/10\/09\/legendes-de-louest-et-du-pamir-legends-of-the-west-and-the-pamir\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[123,274,6,27],"tags":[257,254],"class_list":["post-16062","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-creation-ludique-game-design","category-enseignement-teaching","category-friends","category-le-monde-du-jeu-game-trends-and-styles","tag-enseignement","tag-politics"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p2HNOP-4b4","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16062","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16062"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16062\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16079,"href":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16062\/revisions\/16079"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16062"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16062"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16062"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}