{"id":14304,"date":"2023-06-11T07:13:42","date_gmt":"2023-06-11T07:13:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/?p=14304"},"modified":"2023-06-12T05:43:07","modified_gmt":"2023-06-12T05:43:07","slug":"entre-creation-et-edition-les-ambiguites-du-developpement-dun-jeu-between-design-and-publication-the-ambiguities-of-game-development","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2023\/06\/11\/entre-creation-et-edition-les-ambiguites-du-developpement-dun-jeu-between-design-and-publication-the-ambiguities-of-game-development\/","title":{"rendered":"Entre cr\u00e9ation et \u00e9dition, les ambigu\u00eft\u00e9s du &#8220;d\u00e9veloppement&#8221; d&#8217;un jeu<br> <i>Between design and publication, the ambiguities of game &#8220;development&#8221;<\/i>"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/card9.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"653\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2012\/05\/01\/la-vallee-des-mammouths-valley-of-the-mammoths\/card9\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/card9.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"916,1000\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Bruno Shaman\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/card9.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/card9.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-653\" width=\"458\" height=\"500\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/card9.jpg 916w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/card9-274x300.jpg 274w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 458px) 100vw, 458px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>En octobre 2022, j\u2019ai \u00e9t\u00e9 invit\u00e9 \u00e0 participer \u00e0 une rencontre d\u2019auteurs et d\u2019\u00e9diteurs de jeu \u00e0 Puszczykowo, en Pologne, dont j\u2019ai parl\u00e9 un peu dans <a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2022\/11\/06\/un-week-end-de-createurs-de-jeux-a-puszczykowo-a-game-designer-week-end-in-puszczykowo\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"14223\">un autre post<\/a>. J\u2019y ai donn\u00e9 une conf\u00e9rence, inspir\u00e9e par quelques d\u00e9convenues r\u00e9centes, sur les bienfaits qu&#8217;apportent, mais aussi les probl\u00e8mes que posent, les modifications d\u2019un jeu par l&#8217;\u00e9diteur. Cet article en est une version r\u00e9dig\u00e9e, un peu d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e, et mise \u00e0 jour puisque plusieurs des jeux dont je parlais sont depuis arriv\u00e9s en boutique, ou sont maintenant, en juin 2023, en train d\u2019arriver.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-medium\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/IMG_0448.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"270\" height=\"360\" data-attachment-id=\"14226\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/img_0448\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/IMG_0448.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1536,2048\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1667247816&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"IMG_0448\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/IMG_0448-438x584.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/IMG_0448-270x360.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-14226\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/IMG_0448-270x360.jpg 270w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/IMG_0448-438x584.jpg 438w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/IMG_0448-113x150.jpg 113w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/IMG_0448-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/IMG_0448-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/IMG_0448.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 270px) 100vw, 270px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Les romanciers assurent volontiers, en plaisantant \u00e0 demi, qu\u2019\u00e9diteurs et directeurs de collection sont des \u00e9crivains frustr\u00e9s. Il n\u2019en va pas tr\u00e8s diff\u00e9remment dans le monde du jeu. Cela rend les discussions sur les d\u00e9tails d\u2019un jeu \u00e0 la fois int\u00e9ressantes, parce que techniques, et difficiles, parce qu\u2019empreintes de jalousie. Cela fait surtout de la phase de \u00ab&nbsp;d\u00e9veloppement&nbsp;\u00bb d\u2019un jeu, un euph\u00e9misme pour \u00ab&nbsp;modifications apport\u00e9es apr\u00e8s que le contrat a \u00e9t\u00e9 sign\u00e9 \u00bb, la partie la plus mentalement \u00e9puisante et moralement difficile de la cr\u00e9ation, au point que je sois parfois tent\u00e9 de laisser tomber.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bien s\u00fbr, comme tous les auteurs de jeux, je ne pr\u00e9sente \u00e0 des \u00e9diteurs que des prototypes longuement test\u00e9s et qui me semblent pr\u00eats \u00e0 \u00eatre publi\u00e9s, apr\u00e8s \u00e9ventuellement l\u2019ajout de quelques jolis dessins. Il reste n\u00e9anmoins parfaitement normal que celui qui publie le jeu veuille faire quelques modifications. La nature et l\u2019ampleur de ces bricolages devraient n\u00e9anmoins \u00eatre discut\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019avance, ce qui est rarement le cas, voire pr\u00e9cis\u00e9es dans le contrat, ce qui n\u2019est jamais le cas. Les d\u00e9saccords entre auteur et \u00e9diteur sur le \u00ab&nbsp;d\u00e9veloppement&nbsp;\u00bb du jeu sont bien plus fr\u00e9quents que ceux portant sur des questions financi\u00e8res, mais nos contrats ne parlent le plus souvent que d\u2019argent, et parfois de temps. Malheureusement, lorsqu\u2019un d\u00e9saccord survient \u00e0 propos d\u2019un point qui n\u2019est pas discut\u00e9 dans le contrat, l\u2019\u00e9diteur, qui il est vrai est seul \u00e0 risquer son argent, se retrouve en position de force et peut faire un peu ce qu\u2019il veut.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019organisation du d\u00e9veloppement (j\u2019arr\u00eate les guillemets) du jeu apr\u00e8s que le contrat a \u00e9t\u00e9 sign\u00e9 est d\u2019abord une question pratique. Les d\u00e9saccords entre auteur et \u00e9diteur sont une question morale, et pourraient m\u00eame devenir une question l\u00e9gale, bien que je ne connaisse pas (encore?) d\u2019exemple qui ait fini devant les tribunaux. Je signale n\u00e9anmoins que le droit est, en la mati\u00e8re, assez diff\u00e9rent d\u2019un pays \u00e0 l\u2019autre. En droit fran\u00e7ais, les droits d\u2019auteur moraux et patrimoniaux sont distincts, et seul le droit patrimonial est c\u00e9d\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9diteur, qui ne peut donc th\u00e9oriquement pas modifier substantiellement une cr\u00e9ation, et donc s\u2019agissant d\u2019un jeu en modifier la r\u00e8gle, sans l\u2019accord explicite de son auteur originel. Cette distinction n\u2019existe pas dans de nombreux pays, et notamment aux \u00c9tats-Unis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019important n\u2019est cependant pas la loi. C\u2019est l\u2019auteur, l\u2019\u00e9diteur, les personnes, leurs relations, et bien s\u00fbr le jeu. Si je tiens le plus souvent \u00e0 ce que mes jeux soient publi\u00e9s avec les r\u00e8gles pr\u00e9cises que j\u2019ai imagin\u00e9es et r\u00e9dig\u00e9es, il m\u2019est arriv\u00e9 dans quelques cas, apr\u00e8s en avoir discut\u00e9, de laisser d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment le champ libre \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9diteur &#8211; mais cela d\u00e9pend du jeu, du moment, de l\u2019\u00e9diteur. Chaque cas est particulier, et chaque cas doit \u00eatre discut\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019avance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Je connais bien s\u00fbr quelques cr\u00e9ateurs qui ont eu des probl\u00e8mes avec le calcul ou le paiement de leurs droits d\u2019auteur, mais je n\u2019en connais pas un seul qui n\u2019ait une histoire un peu absurde \u00e0 raconter sur les modifications de derni\u00e8re minute apport\u00e9es \u00e0 un jeu par un \u00e9diteur, sur les r\u00e8gles bidouill\u00e9es \u00e0 la va vite, ou, et c&#8217;est un autre probl\u00e8me dont j&#8217;ai d\u00e9j\u00e0 parl\u00e9 en d\u00e9tail dans <a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2022\/07\/24\/traductions-translations\/\">un autre article<\/a>, sur les traductions faites avec les pieds. <br>Les d\u00e9saccords financiers, en outre, peuvent toujours se r\u00e9gler, quitte \u00e0 ce que ce soit avec un peu de retard, quitte \u00e0 ce que soit, ce qui est heureusement rarissime et ne m\u2019est jamais arriv\u00e9, apr\u00e8s intervention de la justice. Les probl\u00e8mes \u00e9ditoriaux ne peuvent pas \u00eatre r\u00e9par\u00e9s, un jeu n\u2019ayant quasiment jamais aujourd\u2019hui de seconde chance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Si cet article parle presque exclusivement de mon exp\u00e9rience personnelle, c\u2019est parce que je ne suis pas s\u00fbr que mes coll\u00e8gues auteurs souhaitent que je rapporte ce qui a pu leur arriver, m\u00eame si beaucoup m\u2019en ont parl\u00e9. En outre, si discuter de ces probl\u00e8mes est difficile pour un auteur d\u00e9j\u00e0 bien install\u00e9 comme moi, j\u2019imagine que c\u2019est plus compliqu\u00e9 encore pour de jeunes cr\u00e9ateurs ayant une moindre exp\u00e9rience du petit monde ludique, et pesant moins lourd face \u00e0 un \u00e9diteur. Je vais donc dans la suite de cet article m&#8217;adresser directement \u00e0 l&#8217;auteur, m\u00eame si mon propos est un peu aussi destin\u00e9 aux \u00e9diteurs, souvent trop s\u00fbrs d\u2019eux en mati\u00e8re de \u00ab&nbsp;d\u00e9veloppement&nbsp;\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Rentrer dans les cases<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Donc, vous \u00eates auteur de jeu n\u00e9ophyte, vous avez pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 votre projet de jeu \u00e0 un \u00e9diteur, qui le trouve int\u00e9ressant mais\u2026.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Le th\u00e8me ne rentre pas dans sa gamme<br>Le th\u00e8me est trop proche de celui d\u2019un autre de ses jeux<br>C\u2019est trop long<br>C\u2019est trop court<br>C\u2019est trop agressif<br>Cela manque d\u2019interaction<br>C\u2019est trop simple<br>C\u2019est trop compliqu\u00e9<br>Il faudrait que cela tourne \u00e0 deux joueurs &#8211; j\u2019ai sans cesse ce probl\u00e8me, car tr\u00e8s peu de mes prototypes sont con\u00e7us pour deux joueurs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pour le th\u00e8me, cela d\u00e9pend du jeu. Il est souvent facile de le changer, mais c\u2019est aussi parfois impossible ou absurde. Pour tout le reste, rien n\u2019est inconcevable tant que c\u2019est fait avec soin, sans se presser, et par l\u2019auteur ou du moins avec sa participation. Les \u00e9crivains ont le m\u00eame probl\u00e8me. Le manuscrit de mon livre sur les licornes \u00e9tait 2,4 fois trop long, mais c\u2019est moi qui ai fait les coupes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Le th\u00e8me<\/strong> (enfin, l&#8217;univers)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">Note : certains critiques ludiques font une distinction, emprunt\u00e9e \u00e0 la critique litt\u00e9raire, entre le th\u00e8me et l\u2019univers. Le th\u00e8me serait la nature de l\u2019intrigue (coop\u00e9ration, enqu\u00eate\u2026) et l\u2019univers le contexte du r\u00e9cit (m\u00e9di\u00e9val fantastique, exploration spatiale\u2026). Si cette distinction est int\u00e9ressante pour parler de roman ou de th\u00e9\u00e2tre, elle ne fait pas toujours sens dans les jeux de soci\u00e9t\u00e9, ou ce que les litt\u00e9rateurs appellent \u00ab&nbsp;th\u00e8me&nbsp;\u00bb est plus ou moins int\u00e9gr\u00e9 aux m\u00e9canismes. J\u2019emploie donc ici le mot th\u00e8me dans son sens ludique usuel, et certains lui pr\u00e9f\u00e8reront univers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Parfois, un \u00e9diteur est s\u00e9duit par un jeu qu\u2019il a essay\u00e9, mais pense que le th\u00e8me n\u2019est pas vendeur, ou ne convient pas \u00e0 sa gamme. C\u2019est le probl\u00e8me le plus fr\u00e9quent, et en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral le plus ais\u00e9 \u00e0 r\u00e9soudre &#8211; un changement est possible, ou ne l\u2019est pas.<br>Ne s\u2019engageant pas \u00e0 publier un jeu tant qu\u2019ils ne sont pas fix\u00e9s sur son th\u00e8me, la plupart des \u00e9diteurs vont discuter d\u2019un nouvel univers avec l\u2019auteur, ou au moins annoncer clairement qu\u2019ils comptent en trouver un, avant de signer le contrat d\u2019\u00e9dition. Deux ou trois fois pourtant, il m\u2019est arriv\u00e9 de voir un \u00e9diteur aborder le changement de th\u00e8me apr\u00e8s la signature, comme s\u2019il \u00e9tait \u00e9vident que cela ne poserait aucun probl\u00e8me. Ils ont toujours cependant, ce qui est la moindre des choses, discut\u00e9 du nouvel univers avec moi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Quant \u00e0 savoir si ce changement est techniquement possible ou non, cela d\u00e9pend bien s\u00fbr du jeu.<br>Beaucoup sont fondamentalement abstraits. Si le th\u00e8me n\u2019est rien de plus qu\u2019un vague contexte exotique ou historique permettant de donner un nom au jeu et \u00e0 ses \u00e9l\u00e9ments, en changer ne devrait poser aucun probl\u00e8me. Je ne me souviens plus du th\u00e8me originel d\u2019<em><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2015\/01\/09\/attila\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"3999\">Attila<\/a><\/em>, mais je suis certain qu\u2019il n\u2019y \u00e9tait pas question de barbares dont les chevaux pi\u00e9tinent l\u2019herbe. L\u2019un de mes prototypes ne s\u2019appelle <em>Chasseurs de vampires<\/em> que parce que les pions que j\u2019ai utilis\u00e9 pour faire mon prototype repr\u00e9sentent des vampires et des types avec un chapeau 1900. Je ne sais plus si le changement de th\u00e8me de <em><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2021\/09\/01\/mascarade-2eme-edition\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"12301\">Mascarade<\/a><\/em>, pass\u00e9 d\u2019Alice au pays des merveilles au carnaval de Venise, est intervenu avant ou apr\u00e8s la signature du contrat avec Repos Prod. <em>Pigeons<\/em>, un jeu dans lequel des vieilles dames donnaient des miettes de pain aux oiseaux, est devenu <em><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/10\/12\/chawai\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"8094\">Chawa\u00ef<\/a><\/em>, un jeu de chats polyn\u00e9siens attrapant des poissons, et c\u2019est toujours le m\u00eame jeu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/chawai-pigeons-2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"8103\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/10\/12\/chawai\/chawai-pigeons-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/chawai-pigeons-2.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"900,600\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;3.5&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;GwB-guzerlund@gmail.com&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;Canon EOS 600D&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1426295736&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;(c)2015&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;24&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;1600&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.008&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Pigeons\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Chawai&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/chawai-pigeons-2.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/chawai-pigeons-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8103\" width=\"314\" height=\"208\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/chawai-pigeons-2.jpg 900w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/chawai-pigeons-2-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/chawai-pigeons-2-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/chawai-pigeons-2-450x300.jpg 450w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 314px) 100vw, 314px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/chawai-box1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"8114\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/10\/12\/chawai\/chawai-box1\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/chawai-box1.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"900,903\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Cover\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Chawai&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/chawai-box1.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/chawai-box1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8114\" width=\"225\" height=\"226\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/chawai-box1.jpg 900w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/chawai-box1-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/chawai-box1-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/chawai-box1-299x300.jpg 299w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><br>\u00c0 l\u2019inverse, certains jeux sont tout entiers construits autour d\u2019un univers, rendant le plus souvent ce changement impossible. C\u2019est bien s\u00fbr le cas des jeux de simulation, y compris les wargames. Dans d\u2019autres jeux de soci\u00e9t\u00e9 moins ambitieux, c&#8217;est souvent le signe que ce sont de bons jeux, des jeux qui racontent une histoire. Parmi mes propres cr\u00e9ations, je pense \u00e0 <em><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2022\/04\/25\/trollfest\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"12313\">Trollfest<\/a><\/em> ou <a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2012\/08\/15\/mystere-a-labbaye-mystery-of-the-abbey\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"274\"><em>Myst\u00e8re \u00e0 l\u2019abbaye<\/em><\/a>. On peut pourtant parfois avoir des surprises, puisque je ne pensais pas que le jeu que Bruno Cathala et moi avions imagin\u00e9, dans lequel une araign\u00e9e g\u00e9ante tentait de capturer des hobbits, pourrait avec quelques ajustements devenir un jeu o\u00f9 des chasseurs essaient d\u2019attraper des b\u00e9b\u00e9s <em><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2015\/03\/05\/raptor\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"4070\">Rapto<\/a>r<\/em>s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La plupart des jeux, ou en tout cas de mes jeux, se situent quelque part entre ces deux extr\u00eames. C\u2019est bien s\u00fbr l\u00e0 que les choses se compliquent.<br>Souvent, le changement propos\u00e9 par l\u2019\u00e9diteur donne au jeu une nouvelle dimension que l\u2019auteur n\u2019avait pas imagin\u00e9, et sur laquelle il peut rebondir. C\u2019est ce qui est arriv\u00e9 pour <em><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2012\/05\/01\/isla-dorada\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"265\">Isla Dorada<\/a><\/em>. Le prototype que j\u2019avais pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 \u00e0 Funforge avait un th\u00e8me passablement ennuyeux et peu original, une caravane de marchands dans l\u2019Europe m\u00e9di\u00e9vale. Je savais que ce n\u2019\u00e9tait pas terrible, mais je n\u2019avais rien trouv\u00e9 d\u2019autre. C\u2019est Philippe Nourah, \u00e0 Funforge, qui a eu l\u2019id\u00e9e de raconter l\u2019histoire d\u2019un groupe d\u2019explorateurs perdus sur une ile d\u00e9serte, ce qui est quand m\u00eame plus sexy. Le changement a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9cid\u00e9 rapidement, me laissant le temps de retravailler le jeu pour l\u2019adapter au nouveau th\u00e8me, introduisant de nouveaux \u00e9l\u00e9ments comme un dirigeable, des pandas tueurs et des guerres tribales. Ce n\u2019est pourtant qu\u2019une fois le jeu publi\u00e9 que j\u2019ai r\u00e9alis\u00e9 qu\u2019il y manquait un clich\u00e9 essentiel des \u00eeles tropicales, le volcan. Si un jour ce jeu connait une nouvelle version, je me d\u00e9brouillerai pour l\u2019ajouter.<br>Je suis aussi tr\u00e8s satisfait du th\u00e8me de <em><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2019\/03\/18\/tonari\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"10377\">Tonari<\/a><\/em>. Mon prototype, comme le jeu d\u2019Alex Randolph qui l\u2019a inspir\u00e9, \u00e9tait purement abstrait. Je savais qu\u2019il avait besoin d\u2019un univers pour prendre toute sa dimension, mais n\u2019en avait pas trouv\u00e9 de satisfaisant. L\u2019id\u00e9e du bateau de p\u00eache pris dans la temp\u00eate vient de l\u2019\u00e9diteur, IDW games &#8211; qui a malheureusement quitt\u00e9 le monde du jeu de soci\u00e9t\u00e9 peu apr\u00e8s la sortie de ce joli jeu qui cherche aujourd\u2019hui un nouvel \u00e9diteur.<br>M\u00eame s\u2019il fut fait avec mon accord, le changement du th\u00e8me de ce qui est devenu <em><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2021\/11\/20\/dreadful-circus\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"11931\">Dreadful Circus<\/a><\/em>, a \u00e9t\u00e9 plut\u00f4t rat\u00e9. Dans le prototype, comme dans le jeu qui sortira en 2023, les joueurs \u00e9taient des nains sous la montagne amassant pi\u00e8ces d\u2019or, gemmes et objets magiques. Cela collait parfaitement aux m\u00e9canismes du jeu, mais n\u2019\u00e9tait gu\u00e8re plus original que les marchands m\u00e9di\u00e9vaux d\u2019<em>Isla Dorada<\/em>. Je n\u2019ai donc pas \u00e9t\u00e9 tr\u00e8s surpris que l\u2019\u00e9quipe de Portal d\u00e9cide de changer le th\u00e8me, et j\u2019\u00e9tais tr\u00e8s content qu\u2019ils en aient trouv\u00e9 un. Malheureusement, le nouvel univers manque de coh\u00e9rence, on ne voit pas tr\u00e8s bien quelle histoire le jeu raconte. Je ne sais pas bien dans quelle mesure cela est d\u00fb au th\u00e8me lui-m\u00eame, ou au fait qu\u2019il a \u00e9t\u00e9 mis en place rapidement, quelques mois avant la publication, sans aucun feedback sur les m\u00e9canismes du jeu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Le premier probl\u00e8me, et souvent la premi\u00e8re victime, d\u2019un changement d\u2019univers est la coh\u00e9rence th\u00e9matique. Mes jeux ne sont pas des simulations, mais le th\u00e8me d\u2019origine peut n\u00e9anmoins avoir influenc\u00e9 les m\u00e9canismes de bien des mani\u00e8res. J\u2019essaie par exemple toujours d\u2019introduire de petites r\u00e8gles th\u00e9matiques, ainsi que des clins d\u2019\u0153il dans les noms et les effets des cartes et autres \u00e9l\u00e9ments du jeu. Tout cela est perdu lorsque le jeu change d\u2019univers de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence, et doit \u00eatre remplac\u00e9  par de nouvelles astuces, de nouveaux gags, de nouveaux clins d&#8217;\u0153il, quitte \u00e0 changer quelques r\u00e8gles. Souvent, je retire carr\u00e9ment un \u00e9l\u00e9ment de jeu qui ne fait pas sens dans le nouveau monde. Malheureusement, cette \u00e9tape essentielle de &#8220;retour vers le prototype&#8221; est souvent n\u00e9glig\u00e9e, voire ignor\u00e9e, l\u2019\u00e9diteur se contentant, sans grand souci de logique, de donner aux \u00e9l\u00e9ments du jeu de nouveaux noms inspir\u00e9s par le nouveau r\u00e9f\u00e9rentiel. Si le th\u00e8me d\u2019un jeu \u00e9dit\u00e9 semble plaqu\u00e9, et c\u2019est souvent le cas, c\u2019est parce que le th\u00e8me a en effet \u00e9t\u00e9 plaqu\u00e9, vite et mal, plus souvent par l&#8217;\u00e9diteur que par l&#8217;auteur.<br>Introduire dans le jeu ces nouveaux clin d\u2019\u0153il, ces nouvelles petites r\u00e8gles, comme Anja Wrede et moi l\u2019avons fait lorsque notre jeu des brebis perdues est devenu <em><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2019\/01\/14\/le-petit-poucet-little-thumb\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"9804\">Le petit poucet<\/a><\/em> demande un peu de temps, et une bonne connaissance des \u00e9quilibres du jeu. C\u2019est pourquoi cela doit \u00eatre fait par, ou au moins avec, l\u2019auteur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>R\u00e8gles et m\u00e9canismes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Et l\u00e0, les choses se compliquent encore, entra\u00eenant d\u00e9saccords et parfois ranc\u0153ur. Lorsqu\u2019ils ne sont pas des auteurs frustr\u00e9s, les petits \u00e9diteurs, et plus encore les d\u00e9veloppeurs professionnels qui \u0153uvrent chez les gros \u00e9diteurs, sont d\u2019anciens auteurs. Ils r\u00e9sistent rarement \u00e0 la tentation de mettre leur grain de sel, d\u2019ajouter de nouvelles r\u00e8gles, de nouvelles cartes, et de bricoler les \u00e9quilibres du jeu. Ils connaissent les jeux et les joueurs aussi bien voire mieux que vous, ils savent lire et \u00e9crire des r\u00e8gles, ils peuvent apporter un regard ext\u00e9rieur et critique n\u00e9cessaire, mais aussi vaste que soit leur culture ludique, ils n\u2019en savent pas autant que vous sur votre jeu, votre cr\u00e9ation. Ils peuvent aider \u00e0 terminer un jeu encore un peu brouillon, ils peuvent donner des conseils utiles, mais vous ne devez pas les laisser vous mettre sur la touche. Les meilleurs d\u00e9veloppeurs n\u2019essaient d\u2019ailleurs pas de r\u00e9\u00e9crire les r\u00e8gles, et se contentent de guider l\u2019auteur en lui indiquant dans quelle direction travailler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/Mirkwood3.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"4079\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2015\/03\/05\/raptor\/mirkwood3\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/Mirkwood3.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"612,367\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Raptor Mirkwood\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/Mirkwood3.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/Mirkwood3.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4079\" width=\"292\" height=\"175\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/Mirkwood3.jpg 612w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/Mirkwood3-300x180.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/Mirkwood3-500x300.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 292px) 100vw, 292px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Raptor-couv-800.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"4646\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2015\/05\/10\/les-bruno-sont-de-retour-iii-the-brunos-are-back\/raptor-couv-800-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Raptor-couv-800.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"622,800\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Raptor &amp;#8211; Cover\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Raptor-couv-800.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Raptor-couv-800.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4646\" width=\"205\" height=\"270\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Bruno Cathala et moi avons eu une exp\u00e9rience un peu \u00e9trange avec <em><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2015\/03\/05\/raptor\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"4070\">Raptor<\/a><\/em>. Apr\u00e8s que nous avions &#8211; enfin, que Bruno avait car c\u2019est lui qui a fait le plus gros du travail &#8211; transform\u00e9 notre jeu de hobbits et d\u2019araign\u00e9es en jeu de dinosaures et de scientifiques, nous avons trouv\u00e9 un \u00e9diteur int\u00e9ress\u00e9, Matagot. Les premiers mois de travail sur le jeu ont \u00e9t\u00e9 assez p\u00e9nibles, l\u2019\u00e9diteur apportant aux r\u00e8gles des modifications qui n\u2019avaient pas vraiment de sens. Tous ces changements rendaient le jeu plus complexe, moins th\u00e9matique, et souvent nous renvoyaient \u00e0 d\u2019anciennes versions du jeu, d\u2019anciennes r\u00e8gles que nous avions \u00e9limin\u00e9es car elles ne fonctionnaient pas bien. Fort heureusement, si l\u2019\u00e9diteur \u00e9tait sans doute un auteur frustr\u00e9, il \u00e9tait intelligent et, apr\u00e8s quelques mois de perdus, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 qu\u2019il faisait fausse route et nous a rendu la main pour, essentiellement, revenir \u00e0 notre version d\u2019origine. D\u2019autres sont plus t\u00eatus, ou ne pensent m\u00eame pas \u00e0 consulter l\u2019auteur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bien s\u00fbr, comme en ce qui concerne le th\u00e8me, il arrive que l\u2019\u00e9diteur \/ d\u00e9veloppeur ait d\u2019excellentes id\u00e9es. Plusieurs des nouveaux personnages de <em><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2021\/09\/01\/mascarade-2eme-edition\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"12301\">Mascarade<\/a><\/em>, ou de la grande boite de <em><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2016\/12\/24\/citadelles-citadels\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"6048\">Citadelles<\/a><\/em>, sont des id\u00e9es des \u00e9quipes de Repos Prod et de Z-Man. Ne vous braquez pas contre l\u2019\u00e9quipe \u00e9ditoriale, n\u2019ignorez pas ses suggestions, mais &#8211; sauf exception, j\u2019y reviendrai &#8211; ne la laissez pas non plus s\u2019approprier votre cr\u00e9ation. Testez chaque nouvelle r\u00e8gle, chaque nouvelle carte, pas apr\u00e8s pas, une par une. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rien n\u2019est plus frustrant que de ne pas avoir de nouvelles d\u2019un \u00e9diteur pendant des mois, puis de recevoir soudain un lien vers des pdfs d\u00e9j\u00e0 quasiment maquett\u00e9s, de nouvelles r\u00e8gles et de nouvelles cartes, avec une centaine de modifications par rapport \u00e0 la version pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente. L&#8217;auteur, celui dont le nom va figurer sur la bo\u00eete, d\u00e9couvre alors, trop tard, que le &#8220;d\u00e9veloppement&#8221; s&#8217;est fait sans lui, que ce n\u2019est pas son jeu qui va \u00eatre publi\u00e9. C\u2019est ce qui m\u2019est arriv\u00e9 avec <em>Dreadful Circus<\/em>, et c\u2019est la raison pour laquelle je suis pass\u00e9 \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de certaines des modifications les plus probl\u00e9matiques. Fort heureusement, apr\u00e8s une discussion avec mes amis de Portal o\u00f9 nous avons tous reconnu nos erreurs, nous nous sommes entendus pour que je r\u00e9cup\u00e8re mes droits. Le jeu que j\u2019avais imagin\u00e9, sans doute la cr\u00e9ation dont je suis le plus fier, avec ses r\u00e8gles, ses \u00e9quilibres et son th\u00e8me, sortira cette ann\u00e9e chez Trick or Treat Games sous le nom de <em>Treasure of the Dwarves.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Dreadful-Circus-box.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"11934\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/dreadful-circus-box\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Dreadful-Circus-box.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"2110,2110\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Dreadful Circus box\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Dreadful-Circus-box-584x584.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Dreadful-Circus-box-584x584.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-11934\" width=\"220\" height=\"220\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Dreadful-Circus-box-584x584.jpg 584w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Dreadful-Circus-box-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Dreadful-Circus-box-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Dreadful-Circus-box-1536x1536.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Dreadful-Circus-box-2048x2048.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 220px) 100vw, 220px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Treasure-of-the-Dwarves-box.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"14401\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/treasure-of-the-dwarves-box\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Treasure-of-the-Dwarves-box.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"901,901\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Treasure of the Dwarves box\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Treasure-of-the-Dwarves-box-584x584.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Treasure-of-the-Dwarves-box-584x584.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-14401\" width=\"220\" height=\"220\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Treasure-of-the-Dwarves-box-584x584.jpg 584w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Treasure-of-the-Dwarves-box-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Treasure-of-the-Dwarves-box-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Treasure-of-the-Dwarves-box.jpg 901w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 220px) 100vw, 220px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Cela se passe bien mieux lorsque l&#8217;on accepte de l\u00e2cher un peu son b\u00e9b\u00e9 \u00e0 l&#8217;avance, apr\u00e8s en avoir discut\u00e9. J&#8217;aurais sans doute pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 que Oink games, le sympathique \u00e9diteur japonais de petits jeux dans de toutes petites bo\u00eetes, publie le jeu de d\u00e9compte des \u00e9toiles dans le ciel que je lui avais propos\u00e9. J&#8217;ai n\u00e9anmoins \u00e9t\u00e9 tr\u00e8s content lorsque Jun Sasaki m&#8217;a dit que cela lui avait donn\u00e9 une id\u00e9e pour un autre jeu, assez diff\u00e9rent, utilisant le m\u00eame m\u00e9canisme central. J&#8217;ai vu son jeu, j&#8217;y ai jou\u00e9 en ligne avec lui et son \u00e9quipe, et j&#8217;ai accept\u00e9 qu&#8217;il soit publi\u00e9. Mon nom vient cependant en second sur la boite apr\u00e8s celui de Jun. Il \u00e9tait originellement entendu que je pourrais continuer \u00e0 chercher un \u00e9diteur pour mon jeu originel, mais j&#8217;ai abandonn\u00e9 cette id\u00e9e apr\u00e8s quelques parties de la version finale de <em><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2023\/04\/17\/whale-to-look-%e3%82%af%e3%82%b8%e3%83%a9%e3%82%aa%e3%83%ab%e3%82%ab\/\">Whale to Look<\/a><\/em>. Contrairement \u00e0 ce qu&#8217;il s&#8217;\u00e9tait pass\u00e9 pour <em>Dreadful Circus, Whale to Look <\/em>est en effet meilleur, plus l\u00e9ger et plus dynamique, que mon <em>Constellations.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/IMG_0597.jpeg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"584\" height=\"438\" data-attachment-id=\"15758\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2023\/06\/11\/entre-creation-et-edition-les-ambiguites-du-developpement-dun-jeu-between-design-and-publication-the-ambiguities-of-game-development\/img_0597\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/IMG_0597.jpeg\" data-orig-size=\"2048,1536\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"IMG_0597\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/IMG_0597-584x438.jpeg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/IMG_0597-584x438.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-15758\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/IMG_0597-584x438.jpeg 584w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/IMG_0597-300x225.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/IMG_0597-150x113.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/IMG_0597-1536x1152.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/IMG_0597-400x300.jpeg 400w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/IMG_0597.jpeg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Whale-to-look-display-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"14975\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/whale-to-look-display-1\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Whale-to-look-display-1.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"2000,1335\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Whale to look display 1\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Whale to Look&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Whale-to-look-display-1-584x390.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Whale-to-look-display-1-584x390.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-14975\" width=\"292\" height=\"195\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Whale-to-look-display-1-584x390.jpg 584w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Whale-to-look-display-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Whale-to-look-display-1-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Whale-to-look-display-1-1536x1025.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Whale-to-look-display-1-449x300.jpg 449w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Whale-to-look-display-1.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 292px) 100vw, 292px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><em><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2020\/12\/10\/vampire-the-masquerade-vendetta\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"11472\">Vampire the Masquerade &#8211; Vendetta<\/a><\/em> est pass\u00e9 par trois phases de design successives, ce qui en fait un bon exemple de la mani\u00e8re dont un \u00e9diteur peut efficacement g\u00e9rer le d\u00e9veloppement du jeu.<br>Lorsque Charlie Cleveland, designer de jeux videos, entreprit de concevoir un jeu de soci\u00e9t\u00e9 sur le th\u00e8me des vampires, Il d\u00e9cida prudemment de demander l&#8217;aide d&#8217;un auteur de jeu de soci\u00e9t\u00e9 plus exp\u00e9riment\u00e9. J\u2019ai eu la chance qu\u2019il me choisisse. Partant de son premier prototype, nous avons ensemble r\u00e9alis\u00e9 une deuxi\u00e8me version du jeu, plus fluide, et qui nous a paru suffisamment diff\u00e9rente pour que nos deux noms figurent sur le prototype &#8211; j&#8217;\u00e9tais un peu le d\u00e9veloppeur. Nous avons ensuite trouv\u00e9 un \u00e9diteur, Horrible games, qui d\u00e9cida de situer l\u2019action dans l\u2019univers de la Mascarade &#8211; toujours des vampires, certes, mais des vampires un peu sp\u00e9ciaux, avec leur monde, leur culture. Cet univers \u00e9tait familier aussi bien \u00e0 Charlie qu\u2019\u00e0 Lorenzo et Hjalmar, de Horrible Games, mais je n\u2019en connaissais \u00e0 peu pr\u00e8s rien. Pour travailler avec eux \u00e0 cette phase finale du d\u00e9veloppement, il aurait fallu que je passe d\u2019abord des mois \u00e0 me documenter, essentiellement en lisant des livrets de jeu de r\u00f4les. Je choisis alors de me mettre en retrait, mais l\u2019auteur originel, Charlie, \u00e9tait toujours l\u00e0 et fit m\u00eame le voyage jusqu\u2019\u00e0 Milan pour quelques sessions intensives de tests et de d\u00e9veloppement. Charlie, Lorenzo et Hjalmar ont fait, tous ensemble, un excellent boulot.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Vendetta-cover.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"11494\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2020\/12\/10\/vampire-the-masquerade-vendetta\/vendetta-cover\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Vendetta-cover.png\" data-orig-size=\"600,600\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Vampire Vendetta cover\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Vendetta-cover-584x584.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Vendetta-cover-584x584.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-11494\" width=\"225\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Vendetta-cover-584x584.png 584w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Vendetta-cover-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Vendetta-cover-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Vendetta-cover.png 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>Remakes et r\u00e9\u00e9ditions<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c9tant un vieil auteur de jeu, j\u2019ai maintenant dans mon \u00ab&nbsp;catalogue&nbsp;\u00bb de nombreux jeux qui ne sont plus \u00e9dit\u00e9s, et dont quelques uns ont connu deux ou trois versions diff\u00e9rentes. Si vous \u00eates un \u00e9diteur \u00e9ventuellement int\u00e9ress\u00e9, voici <a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2023\/01\/01\/mes-jeux-epuises-eventuellement-disponibles-pour-une-reedition-my-out-of-print-games-available-for-a-possible-new-edition\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"14386\">un post r\u00e9cent avec une liste de titres disponibles.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/06\/NDS001-Box_Page_11.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"549\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2012\/05\/01\/sic-itur-ad-astra\/nds001-box_page_1-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/06\/NDS001-Box_Page_11.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"861,858\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Ad Astra &amp;#8211; Cover\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/06\/NDS001-Box_Page_11.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/06\/NDS001-Box_Page_11.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-549\" width=\"226\" height=\"226\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/06\/NDS001-Box_Page_11.jpg 861w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/06\/NDS001-Box_Page_11-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/06\/NDS001-Box_Page_11-301x300.jpg 301w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 226px) 100vw, 226px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Artemis-project.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"12263\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/sample-page\/artemis-project-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Artemis-project.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"894,1200\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Artemis project\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Artemis-project-435x584.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Artemis-project-435x584.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12263\" width=\"179\" height=\"245\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Serge Laget et moi avions, il y a quelques ann\u00e9es, d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de reprendre de fond en comble <em><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2021\/08\/16\/the-artemis-odyssey\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"12290\">Ad Astra<\/a><\/em> pour en faire une version plus dynamique, qui sort ces jours-ci chez un \u00e9diteur am\u00e9ricain, Great Gamers Guild. L\u00e0 encore, nous avons fait le plus gros du d\u00e9veloppement, l\u2019\u00e9diteur testant quelques versions successives et nous envoyant de temps \u00e0 autre ses remarques et suggestions. Serge n\u2019\u00e9tant pas tr\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019aise en anglais, c\u2019est moi qui ai \u00e9crit les r\u00e8gles, mais en discutant de chaque point avec lui. L\u2019\u00e9quipe de the Great Gamers Guild a ensuite reformul\u00e9 quelques passages, mais toujours apr\u00e8s en avoir discut\u00e9 avec nous. Cela s\u2019est malheureusement moins bien pass\u00e9 avec l\u2019\u00e9diteur de la \u00ab&nbsp;localisation&nbsp;\u00bb fran\u00e7aise.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Le plus souvent cependant, et en particulier lorsque c\u2019est l\u2019\u00e9diteur qui m\u2019a contact\u00e9 pour faire une nouvelle version d\u2019un jeu que j\u2019ai un peu perdu de vue, voire dont j\u2019ai oubli\u00e9 les r\u00e8gles, je n\u2019ai pas de plaisir ou d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat particulier \u00e0 m\u2019y replonger. Je trouve cela \u00e0 la fois plus difficile et moins excitant que d\u2019essayer de faire quelque chose de vraiment nouveau. Qu\u2019elle ait eu du succ\u00e8s ou non, si \u00ab&nbsp;ma version&nbsp;\u00bb originelle du jeu a \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9e, j&#8217;e n\u2019ai gu\u00e8re de probl\u00e8mes \u00e0 laisser un autre, le plus souvent un \u00e9diteur, la retravailler \u00e0 sa guise. Ayant d\u00e9j\u00e0 fait ce que je pouvais faire d\u2019une id\u00e9e, je suis m\u00eame curieux de voir ce que d\u2019autres pourront en tirer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/06\/307967_10151252131804884_1285756689_n.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"1841\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/sample-page\/307967_10151252131804884_1285756689_n\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/06\/307967_10151252131804884_1285756689_n.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"960,660\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Lost temple cover\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/06\/307967_10151252131804884_1285756689_n.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/06\/307967_10151252131804884_1285756689_n.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1841\" width=\"258\" height=\"177\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/06\/307967_10151252131804884_1285756689_n.jpg 960w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/06\/307967_10151252131804884_1285756689_n-300x206.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/06\/307967_10151252131804884_1285756689_n-436x300.jpg 436w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 258px) 100vw, 258px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/DD4450AD-A662-424E-A196-000F548C37DB.jpeg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"14742\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/dd4450ad-a662-424e-a196-000f548c37db\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/DD4450AD-A662-424E-A196-000F548C37DB.jpeg\" data-orig-size=\"1050,1355\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"DD4450AD-A662-424E-A196-000F548C37DB\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/DD4450AD-A662-424E-A196-000F548C37DB-453x584.jpeg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/DD4450AD-A662-424E-A196-000F548C37DB-453x584.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-14742\" width=\"194\" height=\"249\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/DD4450AD-A662-424E-A196-000F548C37DB-453x584.jpeg 453w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/DD4450AD-A662-424E-A196-000F548C37DB-279x360.jpeg 279w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/DD4450AD-A662-424E-A196-000F548C37DB-116x150.jpeg 116w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/DD4450AD-A662-424E-A196-000F548C37DB.jpeg 1050w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 194px) 100vw, 194px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><em><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2023\/06\/01\/grail-cup\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"14769\">Grail Cup<\/a><\/em>, qui arrive ces jours-ci chez Matagot, est un bon exemple de cette d\u00e9marche un peu plus distanc\u00e9e. Il s\u2019inspire d\u2019un jeu plus ancien, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2012\/05\/01\/le-temple-perdu-lost-temple\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"270\">Lost Temple<\/a><\/em>, paru il y a une quinzaine d\u2019ann\u00e9es, qui reprenait d\u00e9j\u00e0 le syst\u00e8me de choix de personnage de <em>Citadelles<\/em>, mais dans un jeu de course. <em>Lost Temple<\/em> ne s\u2019\u00e9tait d\u2019abord pas trop mal vendu, mais les ventes avaient vite d\u00e9clin\u00e9 et j\u2019avais r\u00e9cup\u00e9r\u00e9 les droits. Me penchant \u00e0 nouveau dessus, il m\u2019a sembl\u00e9 que je pouvais le dynamiser en supprimant les gemmes, qui \u00e9taient un peu la monnaie du jeu. J\u2019ai donc fait un nouveau prototype. Matagot s\u2019y est int\u00e9ress\u00e9, mais \u00e0 condition de pouvoir changer le th\u00e8me. Nous avons discut\u00e9 ensemble de quelques id\u00e9es, pour nous entendre sur les chevaliers de la table ronde et la qu\u00eate du Graal. <em>Lost Temple<\/em> existait d\u00e9j\u00e0, il me restait quelques exemplaires d\u2019auteur, et j\u2019\u00e9tais d\u00e9j\u00e0 pas mal pris par d\u2019autres projets, certains d&#8217;ailleurs chez Matagot. Nous avons donc convenu ensemble que ce serait l\u2019\u00e9quipe de l&#8217;\u00e9diteur qui s\u2019occuperait de cette nouvelle version. De temps en temps, ils me montraient leur derni\u00e8re version pour que je puisse la tester, la valider, et parfois y glisser mon grain de sel, mais l&#8217;initiative, les orientations, le gros du travail ne sont pas de moi. Le r\u00e9sultat est sans doute meilleur que ce que j\u2019aurais pu faire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>J\u2019ai r\u00e9cemment plac\u00e9 pas moins de cinq jeux chez un nouvel \u00e9diteur tr\u00e8s sympathique, Trick or Treat studios. Trois d\u2019entre eux, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2022\/04\/25\/trollfest\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"12313\">Trollfest<\/a><\/em>, <em>Treasure of the Dwarves<\/em> et un troisi\u00e8me dont je ne peux pas encore parler, sont de nouvelles cr\u00e9ations, que l\u2019\u00e9diteur ne m\u2019a gu\u00e8re demand\u00e9 de modifier. <em><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2023\/06\/08\/halloween-party\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"14812\">Halloween Party<\/a><\/em> est une nouvelle \u00e9dition de <em><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2012\/05\/01\/toc-toc-toc-knock-knock\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"520\">Toc Toc Toc!,<\/a><\/em> un petit jeu de cartes paru il y a plus de dix ans. Gwena\u00ebl Bouquin et moi, les deux auteurs d&#8217;origine, avons travaill\u00e9 ensemble avec l\u2019\u00e9quipe de Trick or Treat pour revoir un peu les effets des cartes. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/06\/2219_60192959883_469_n.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"1825\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/sample-page\/2219_60192959883_469_n\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/06\/2219_60192959883_469_n.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"540,540\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Toc Toc Toc cover\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/06\/2219_60192959883_469_n.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/06\/2219_60192959883_469_n.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1825\" width=\"225\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/06\/2219_60192959883_469_n.jpg 540w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/06\/2219_60192959883_469_n-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/06\/2219_60192959883_469_n-300x300.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/halloween-party.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"14738\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/halloween-party\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/halloween-party.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"271,368\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"halloween party\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/halloween-party.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/halloween-party.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-14738\" width=\"185\" height=\"252\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/halloween-party.jpg 271w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/halloween-party-265x360.jpg 265w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/halloween-party-110x150.jpg 110w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/halloween-party-221x300.jpg 221w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 185px) 100vw, 185px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Le dernier jeu, qui lui aussi n\u2019a pas encore \u00e9t\u00e9 annonc\u00e9, est aussi une nouvelle version d\u2019un petit jeu assez ancien. L\u2019\u00e9diteur souhaitait changer le th\u00e8me, ce qui impliquait de revoir tous les effets des cartes pour construire des decks coh\u00e9rents avec le nouvel univers, et j\u2019ai dit clairement que ce travail ne m\u2019int\u00e9ressait pas vraiment. C\u2019est donc l\u2019\u00e9diteur qui d\u00e9veloppe tout cela en interne, tandis que je me contente de regarder de temps \u00e0 autre o\u00f9 ils en sont et de tester un peu les decks pour v\u00e9rifier qu\u2019ils ne sont pas trop d\u00e9s\u00e9quilibr\u00e9s. Le boulot n\u2019est pas encore termin\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Les r\u00e8gles, \u00e9criture et r\u00e9\u00e9criture<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Un jeu, au fond, ce n\u2019est qu\u2019une r\u00e8gle, et c\u2019est donc la r\u00e8gle que vous devez relire avec soin pour v\u00e9rifier qu\u2019une modification n\u2019y a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 apport\u00e9e sans que vous soyez au courant. Cela peut arriver m\u00eame dans les jeux les plus simples. Je me souviens de la toute premi\u00e8re \u00e9dition de <em><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2016\/04\/11\/diamant\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"5623\">Diamant<\/a><\/em>, dans laquelle l\u2019\u00e9diteur avait sans pr\u00e9venir personne supprim\u00e9 la r\u00e8gle selon laquelle, lorsque deux cartes danger identiques sont pioch\u00e9es, l\u2019une d\u2019entre elles et retir\u00e9e du jeu. Lorsque je rep\u00e9rai, au dernier moment, cette curieuse \u00ab&nbsp;correction&nbsp;\u00bb, l\u2019explication de l\u2019\u00e9diteur fut qu&#8217;il ne voyait pas de probl\u00e8me \u00e0 enlever une petite r\u00e8gle sans importance qui ne faisait que compliquer le jeu. C\u2019est certes une petite r\u00e8gle de rien du tout, mais elle est essentielle car elle augmente les enjeux et diminue les risques au fur et \u00e0 mesure de la partie, rendant possible des come-backs inattendus, ce qu\u2019il n\u2019avait pas r\u00e9alis\u00e9. Si je n\u2019avais pas fait attention, si je n\u2019avais pas insist\u00e9 pour que ce \u00ab&nbsp;petit d\u00e9tail&nbsp;\u00bb soit r\u00e9introduit dans les r\u00e8gles, le jeu serait paru sans et n\u2019aurait peut-\u00eatre pas rencontr\u00e9 le succ\u00e8s qu\u2019il a eu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>J\u2019insiste d\u00e9sormais syst\u00e9matiquement pour r\u00e9diger moi-m\u00eame le premier jet des r\u00e8gles destin\u00e9es \u00e0 figurer dans la bo\u00eete, l\u2019\u00e9diteur passant derri\u00e8re mais ne faisant de corrections qu\u2019avec mon accord.<br>Tous les auteurs ne proc\u00e8dent pas ainsi. Certains n\u2019aiment pas r\u00e9diger des r\u00e8gles ou savent qu\u2019ils ne sont pas tr\u00e8s bons dans cet exercice. Du moins leur faut-il s&#8217;assurer qu&#8217;elles sont r\u00e9dig\u00e9es en bon anglais, ou en bon fran\u00e7ais, ce qui est loin d\u2019\u00eatre toujours le cas. Cette r\u00e9daction doit aussi \u00eatre entam\u00e9e suffisamment \u00e0 l\u2019avance pour permettre plusieurs allers-retours afin de faire toutes les corrections et reformulations n\u00e9cessaires. Trop souvent, ce travail pourtant essentiel, est fait dans l\u2019urgence, dans la semaine qui pr\u00e9c\u00e8de l\u2019envoi \u00e0 l\u2019imprimeur. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Curieusement, ce sont surtout les \u00e9diteurs fran\u00e7ais qui ont tendance \u00e0 passer des semaines, voire des mois, \u00e0 soigner la maquette d&#8217;un jeu, \u00e0 en retravailler les illustrations avec soin, puis \u00e0 \u00e9crire les r\u00e8gles avec les pieds dans dans les derniers jours, avant de laisser, quand ils y pensent, une dizaine d&#8217;heures \u00e0 l&#8217;auteur pour la relecture et les corrections. Les \u00e9diteurs anglo-saxons semblent mieux comprendre l&#8217;importance de la clart\u00e9 et de l&#8217;\u00e9l\u00e9gance du texte, et c&#8217;est l&#8217;une des raisons pour lesquelles, dans les boites de jeu, les r\u00e8gles en anglais sont presque toujours bien meilleures que celles en fran\u00e7ais. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Il y a un temps pour tout<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Auteurs et \u00e9diteurs de jeux n\u2019ont pas la m\u00eame temporalit\u00e9. Je comprends tr\u00e8s bien les probl\u00e8mes de gamme et de programmation de sorties des \u00e9diteurs. Je n\u2019en suis pas moins \u00e9nerv\u00e9, voire d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9, lorsque apr\u00e8s avoir attendu un ou deux ans sans la moindre nouvelle apr\u00e8s la signature d\u2019un contrat d\u2019\u00e9dition, je re\u00e7ois soudain un email me disant \u00ab&nbsp;le jeu sort dans six mois, et d\u2019ici l\u00e0 il faut changer le th\u00e8me, ajouter une variante pour deux joueurs et une variante coop\u00e9rative, diminuer le nombre de cartes pour baisser le co\u00fbt de production, et remplacer tout le texte des cartes par des ic\u00f4nes pour que le jeu soit plus facile \u00e0 localiser \u00ab&nbsp;\u00e0 l\u2019international&nbsp;\u00bb \u00bb. Peu importe alors que l\u2019\u00e9diteur vous demande de faire les changements ou pense pouvoir les faire lui-m\u00eame, le r\u00e9sultat sera toujours le m\u00eame, un d\u00e9sastre \u00e9ditorial.<br>Le prototype de l\u2019auteur est le r\u00e9sultat de mois, parfois d\u2019ann\u00e9es de r\u00e9glages, de bricolage et de tests. Il est toujours possible d\u2019en faire plus, mais les nouveaux changements doivent \u00eatre faits avec le m\u00eame soin, et test\u00e9s prudemment, l\u2019un apr\u00e8s l\u2019autre, \u00e0 leur rythme. Trop d\u2019\u00e9diteurs sous-estiment le temps n\u00e9cessaire pour cela, ou surestiment aussi bien l\u2019auteur originel que leurs d\u00e9veloppeurs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Les id\u00e9es de derni\u00e8re minute peuvent \u00eatre excellentes, mais on n\u2019en est jamais certain. M\u00e9fiez vous des v\u00f4tres, et plus encore de celles de l\u2019\u00e9diteur, qui ne conna\u00eet pas le jeu aussi bien. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Tout faire soi-m\u00eame<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Alors, bien s\u00fbr, il reste la possibilit\u00e9 de tout faire soi-m\u00eame, d&#8217;\u00eatre l&#8217;auteur, l&#8217;\u00e9diteur et parfois aussi l&#8217;illustrateur. C&#8217;est le choix qu&#8217;a fait, par exemple, Luis Bru\u00eah, auteur notamment de l&#8217;excellent <em>Night Parare of a Hundred Yokais<\/em>. J&#8217;appr\u00e9cie son stytle de jeu comme son style graphique, et j&#8217;aimerais que tous mes jeux soient illustr\u00e9s avec le m\u00eame humour et aussi soigneusement \u00e9dit\u00e9s. C&#8217;est bien s\u00fbr la meilleure fa\u00e7on, comme auteur, d&#8217;obtenir tr\u00e8s exactement ce que l&#8217;on souhaite, mais je n&#8217;y ai jamais pens\u00e9 tr\u00e8s s\u00e9rieusement.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/night-parade-en_1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"14320\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/night-parade-en_1\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/night-parade-en_1.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"800,800\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"night-parade-en_1\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/night-parade-en_1-584x584.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/night-parade-en_1-584x584.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-14320\" width=\"247\" height=\"255\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>La premi\u00e8re raison est que, comme je l&#8217;ai expliqu\u00e9 plus haut, si les \u00e9diteurs ont parfois de mauvaises id\u00e9es, ils en ont plus souvent de bonnes. Je r\u00e2le pour quelques d\u00e9ceptions, mais si je faisais le compte, je trouverais sans doute un plus grand nombre de mes jeux auxquels le d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9ditorial a vraiment ajout\u00e9 quelque chose. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La seconde raison est que l&#8217;\u00e9dition, c&#8217;est un m\u00e9tier, que je ne pense pas \u00eatre capable de ma\u00eetriser. Il faut discuter illustration, maquette, imprimerie, fabrication, distribution, toute une s\u00e9rie de domaines dont je crains qu&#8217;ils ne me passionnent pas, et pour lesquels je suis \u00e0 peu pr\u00e8s certain de ne pas \u00eatre comp\u00e9tent. Je ne sais pas dessiner, et Kickstarter ne r\u00e8gle plus ou moins que le probl\u00e8me de la distribution. D&#8217;ailleurs, pour une success story comme celle de Luis Bru\u00eah, que je citais plus haut, on compte de nombreux \u00e9checs, des auteurs inconnus et parfois ruin\u00e9s, qui se sont lanc\u00e9s sans trop savoir o\u00f9 ils allaient, persuad\u00e9s \u00e0 tort qu&#8217;en concevant un jeu, ils avaient fait le plus gros du boulot. Ils n\u2019avaient fait que le plus amusant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Quarante ans d\u00e9j\u00e0\u2026.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Les quelques mauvaises exp\u00e9riences que j\u2019ai eu r\u00e9cemment montrent bien que la mani\u00e8re dont un jeu peut \u00eatre \u00ab&nbsp;d\u00e9velopp\u00e9&nbsp;\u00bb (je reprends les guillemets pour la conclusion) devrait \u00eatre l\u2019un des premiers points discut\u00e9s entre auteur et \u00e9diteur. Ce n\u2019est presque jamais le cas. Les probl\u00e8mes autour du jeu lui m\u00eame, de son th\u00e8me ou de ses r\u00e8gles, sont bien plus fr\u00e9quents que les d\u00e9saccords financiers entre auteur et \u00e9diteur, mais nos contrats consacrent de longues pages au calcul des droits d\u2019auteur et pas une phrase au \u00ab&nbsp;d\u00e9veloppement&nbsp;\u00bb du jeu. Je ne connais pas d\u2019exemple de d\u00e9saccord \u00e9ditorial qui se soit termin\u00e9 devant les tribunaux, mais c&#8217;est peut-\u00eatre justement parce que les contrats ne disent rien. Il n\u2019est peut-\u00eatre pas n\u00e9cessaire de tout formaliser par \u00e9crit, mais auteur et \u00e9diteur devraient discuter de ce sujet clairement et syst\u00e9matiquement avant de se lancer dans un processus d&#8217;\u00e9dition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cela fait maintenant quarante ans que je con\u00e7ois des jeux et discute avec des \u00e9diteurs. Ce qui \u00e9tait un hobby un peu intello est devenu un march\u00e9 et un business. La quasi totalit\u00e9 des auteurs et des \u00e9diteurs sont encore des joueurs, des passionn\u00e9s, mais ils ont d\u00fb, comme moi, devenir aussi un peu des professionnels. Au moment de donner la derni\u00e8re touche \u00e0 un jeu, de faire les derniers petits r\u00e9glages, de r\u00e9diger le texte d\u00e9finitif des r\u00e8gles, de choisir un illustrateur, chacun se sent responsable de tout. Peut-\u00eatre parce que je ne suis pas tr\u00e8s sensible aux images, je ne me m\u00eale pas trop du choix des artistes qui illustrent mes jeux; j\u2019appr\u00e9cie que l\u2019on me demande mon avis, mais je laisse l\u2019\u00e9diteur d\u00e9cider. Pour tout le reste, pour tout ce qui concerne le jeu lui m\u00eame, et notamment la r\u00e9daction des r\u00e8gles, les choses sont de plus en plus difficiles. \u00catre ouvert \u00e0 la discussion, c\u2019est \u00eatre capable de changer d\u2018avis, mais c\u2019est aussi savoir d\u00e9fendre son point de vue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Les \u00e9diteurs connaissent le march\u00e9 mieux que vous, et mieux que moi. Ils savent ce qui se vend et ce qui ne se vend pas. Ils savent ce qui rentre dans leur gamme et ce qui n\u2019y rentre pas. Ils risquent leur argent dans la publication d\u2019un jeu, quand je n\u2019y d\u00e9pense gu\u00e8re que du temps. Face \u00e0 des auteurs, jeunes et vieux, de plus en plus nombreux, ce sont eux qui font leur march\u00e9. Tout cela les met en position de force et fait qu\u2019il est difficile \u00e0 un auteur de refuser des modifications lorsqu\u2019il pense qu\u2019elles peuvent affaiblir le jeu.<br>D\u2019un autre c\u00f4t\u00e9, le nom de l\u2019auteur figure d\u00e9sormais sur toutes les boites de jeu, comme c\u2019\u00e9tait depuis longtemps le cas sur les couvertures des livres. L\u2019auteur de jeu est bien devenu un \u00ab&nbsp;auteur&nbsp;\u00bb, presqu\u2019un \u00e9crivain. Ce n\u2019\u00e9tait pas le cas dans les ann\u00e9es quatre-vingt-dix, o\u00f9 on le consid\u00e9rait comme une sorte d\u2019inventeur, de bricoleur &#8211; ce qu\u2019il est un peu aussi, c\u2019est vrai. Mais ce nom sur la boite, parfois aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de celui de l\u2019illustrateur et toujours au dessus de celui de l\u2019\u00e9diteur, il signifie que l\u2019auteur est responsable du jeu, de ce qui est dans la boite. Si je suis responsable, m\u00eame solidairement, je dois \u00eatre impliqu\u00e9 jusqu\u2019au bout.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/card7.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"651\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2012\/05\/01\/la-vallee-des-mammouths-valley-of-the-mammoths\/card7\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/card7.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"941,1000\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Bruno Shaman\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/card7.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/card7.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-651\" width=\"471\" height=\"500\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/card7.jpg 941w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/card7-282x300.jpg 282w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 471px) 100vw, 471px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><em>In october 2022, I was invited to a game designers and publishers meeting in Puszczykowo, in Poland. I already told about it in an <a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2022\/11\/06\/un-week-end-de-createurs-de-jeux-a-puszczykowo-a-game-designer-week-end-in-puszczykowo\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"14223\">earlier blogpost<\/a>, here. I gave a speech, largely inspired by a few recent bad experiences, about the benefits, but also the problems encountered when a publisher wants to &#8220;develop&#8221;, that is to change, a game. This article i<\/em>s <em>a streamlined and updated version of this speech &#8211; updated because several of the games I used as examples, and on which I was working then are hitting the shelves just now, in June 2023. <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-medium\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/IMG_0451.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" data-attachment-id=\"14229\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/img_0451\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/IMG_0451.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1819,1364\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1667591105&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"IMG_0451\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/IMG_0451-584x438.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/IMG_0451-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-14229\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/IMG_0451-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/IMG_0451-584x438.jpg 584w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/IMG_0451-150x112.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/IMG_0451-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/IMG_0451-400x300.jpg 400w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/IMG_0451.jpg 1819w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><em>Any novelist would tell you, half jokingly, that most literary editors and publishers are frustrated writers. The same is true in the boardgame industry. It makes discussing the details of a game with the publisher both interesting, because of the technicity,  and challenging, because hampered by jealousy. The \u00ab&nbsp;<\/em>development&nbsp;<em>\u00bb of a boardgame, development being an euphemism for \u00ab&nbsp;rule changes made after the publishing contract has been signed&nbsp;\u00bb is the most mentally and morally exhausting part of boardgame design<\/em> &#8211; <em>to the point I am sometimes tempted to give it up.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Of course, like every other boardgame designer, I only show to publishers well tested prototypes which, I think, are finalized and nearly ready for publication after the addition of some art. It is perfectly understandable, however, that the publisher might want to implement some changes. The nature and possible extent of these changes should be discussed in advance, which is rarely the case<\/em>. <em>May be they should even be specified in the contract, which is never the case. Design and development issues between designer and publisher are much more frequent than money issues, but most game publishing contracts deal almost exclusively with royalty rates and publication deadlines. Unfortunately, when there\u2019s a disagreement about something which is not dealt with in the contract, the publisher is in a position of strength &#8211; meaning they can do more or less what they want.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>How to organize the game development after a publishing contract has been signed is a practical issue. How to deal with disagreements between the designer and the publisher about a game is also a moral issue, and could become a legal one, though I don\u2019t know (yet?) of a single case of game development issue which ended before a court. I\u2019d like to stress, however, that the law on these issues is very different depending on the country. In French law, there is a patrimonial author\u2019s right which is sold via the publishing contract, and a moral author\u2019s right which cannot be sold and implies that, no matter what&#8217;s in the contract and how many subcontracors there are, a cultural work cannot be substantially modified without the agreement of its author. As far as I know, there\u2019s no such distinction in US law.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>What is important however is not the law, it is the designer, the publisher, their relations, and of course the game. While I wanted most of my games to be published with the exact rules I had devised, and usually managed to do it, there are some designs for which I was ready to give the publisher free rein, and even a few cases where I asked for it.<\/em> <em>It all depends on the people, the game, the timing &#8211; every case is different, but every case must be discussed beforehand.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>I know <\/em>very few designers who ever <em>had troubles with the calculation or the payment of their royalties. I don\u2019t think I know a single one who doesn\u2019t have an absurd story to tell about how a publisher modified, or wanted to modify, one of his designs. We also all experienced clumsy rules rewriting, or but that&#8217;s another topic which I already discussed i<a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2022\/07\/24\/traductions-translations\/\">n an article<\/a> last year, terrible rules translation. <\/em><br><em>Furthermore, money issues can always be solved, even if late, even if with help from a court, something which is luckily extremely rare and never happened to me. Editorial issues, on the other hand, cannot be corrected. What\u2019s done is done and games almost never get a second chance.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>I will write here almost exclusively from my experience, because that\u2019s what I know best, but also because I\u2019m not sure fellow designers would like me to make public stories I\u2019ve heard from them. If discussing this issues is still very difficult for a well established designer like me, I imagine it must be even harder to young publishers with no or little experience in the boardgame business, and therefore no strong standing when facing a publisher.<\/em> <em>Of course, even though I formally address designers, this article is also, in a way, intended to be read by publishers<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>The game \u201cmust fit\u201d<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>So, you\u2019ve shown your prototype to a publisher and they find your game interesting but\u2026<\/em><br><br><em>The theme doesn\u2019t fit with their line<br>The theme is too much like another of their games<br>It\u2019s too long<br>It\u2019s too short<br>It lacks interaction<br>It\u2019s too aggressive<br>It\u2019s too simple<br>It\u2019s too complex<br>It should accommodate two players &#8211; this happens to me all the time, because my first prototypes usually don&#8217;t.<\/em><br><br><em>Theme issues depends on the game. Sometimes the setting can be changed, sometimes not. Changes in the game systems should always be conceivable, as long as they\u2019re not excessive. It must be done carefully, with no hurry, and if not by the original designer at least with them. It happens to writers as well, who often have to shorten their text, or rewrite some parts of it. My unicorn book was 2.4 too long for my publisher, I accepted it, but I did the cuts.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>The theme<\/strong> &#8211; OK, the setting, if you prefer<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><em>Note : As is now usual in the gaming world, I use indifferently the terms \u00ab&nbsp;theme&nbsp;\u00bb and \u00ab&nbsp;setting&nbsp;\u00bb to describe the universe in which the game action is taking place. I know perfectly well that some critics make a difference, taken from literary theory, with the theme being the plot underlaying the game action (cooperation, whodunnit\u2026) and the setting the universe in which it takes place (medieval fantasy, science fiction\u2026). While this distinction is interesting when discussing novels or theater plays, it doesn\u2019t always make sense with boardgames. What literary critics call \u00ab&nbsp;theme&nbsp;\u00bb is, in most games, inherent with the mechanisms.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>A very common situation is when a publisher enjoys playing a game, but thinks the setting won\u2019t sell or won\u2019t fit their line. A change in theme is the most frequent publisher request, and usually the easiest one to deal with &#8211; it\u2019s possible, or it isn\u2019t.<\/em><br><em>Since they don\u2019t plan to publish a game before knowing what its setting will be, most publishers will discuss it with the designer before signing the publishing contract, or at least make clear that they want to look for a new theme. Two or three times however, I have signed a contract with a publisher who didn\u2019t specify beforehand that they wanted to change the theme of a game, because they didn\u2019t really think it could be an issue. At least they always discussed the new setting with me afterwards.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Of course, whether a change is possible or not depends on the game.<br>Many games are, at their heart, abstract. If the setting doesn\u2019t go further than giving a vaguely historical or exotic name to the game and its pieces, changing it should never be a problem. I don\u2019t remember what was the original theme, if any, of <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2015\/01\/09\/attila\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"3999\">Attila<\/a><em>, but I know it wasn\u2019t barbarians swamping grass. I have a prototype named <\/em>Vampire Hunters<em> only because the pieces I used in the prototype are vampire shaped, and which could have hundreds of other themes. I don\u2019t even remember if the change of theme in <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2021\/09\/01\/mascarade-2eme-edition\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"12301\">Mascarade<\/a><em>, from Alice in Wonderland to Venice Carnival, happened before or after I signed the publishing contract with Repos production. <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/10\/12\/chawai\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"8094\">Miaui<\/a><em> was about old ladies giving bread crumbs to pigeons, the publisher made it about Polynesian cats catching fishes, but this doesn\u2019t affect the gameplay.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/chawai-pigeons-2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"8103\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/10\/12\/chawai\/chawai-pigeons-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/chawai-pigeons-2.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"900,600\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;3.5&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;GwB-guzerlund@gmail.com&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;Canon EOS 600D&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1426295736&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;(c)2015&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;24&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;1600&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.008&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Pigeons\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Chawai&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/chawai-pigeons-2.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/chawai-pigeons-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8103\" width=\"291\" height=\"193\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/chawai-pigeons-2.jpg 900w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/chawai-pigeons-2-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/chawai-pigeons-2-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/chawai-pigeons-2-450x300.jpg 450w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 291px) 100vw, 291px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/miaui.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"10032\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2017\/10\/12\/chawai\/miaui\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/miaui.png\" data-orig-size=\"520,520\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"miaui\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/miaui.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/miaui.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10032\" width=\"234\" height=\"236\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><em><br>Conversely, some games are built around their theme, making a change of setting clearly impossible. This is obviously the case with simulation games, including wargames, but that\u2019s also true of many other lighter games. Among my own designs, that\u2019s the case with <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2012\/08\/15\/mystere-a-labbaye-mystery-of-the-abbey\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"274\">Mystery of the Abbey<\/a><em> or <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2022\/04\/25\/trollfest\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"12313\">Trollfest<\/a>,<em> and if often means these are good games, games that tell a story. There may be surprises, though &#8211; I never imagined that the Hobbits vs giant spider that Bruno Cathala and I had designed could, with minor rules changes, become a game about <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2015\/03\/05\/raptor\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"4070\">Raptors<\/a><em> and hunters scientists.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Most games, or at least most of my designs, are in between, and that\u2019s where things can get tricky.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Often, the change initiated by the publisher is for the better. A good example of this was <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2012\/05\/01\/isla-dorada\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"265\">Isla Dorada<\/a><em>. The original prototype I had shown to Funforge had the most boring setting one can imagine &#8211; medieval merchants in central Europe. I knew it was bland but had vainly been looking for another meaningful and consistent setting. The idea of making it the exploration of an island, which is undoubtedly more sexy, came from the publisher, Philippe Nourah. The change was implemented soon enough to let us about one year to introduce new and fun thematic elements such as airship, killer pandas and tribe wars. Only after the game was published did I realize that we forgot to add an essential exotic island clich\u00e9, the volcano &#8211; if there\u2019s a new edition someday, I\u2019ll manage to bring one in.<br>Another nice story is that of <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2019\/03\/18\/tonari\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"10377\">Tonari<\/a><em>. My prototype, like the simpler Alex Randolph\u2019s game which inspired it, was purely abstract, and I knew it needed a more or less meaningful setting. The idea of a fishing boat, which fits perfectly, came from the publisher, IDW games (who unfortunately left the boardgame business since, so this fun little game is looking for a new publisher).<br>Even when I had agreed with it when proposed by the publisher, the theme change in <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2021\/11\/20\/dreadful-circus\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"11931\">Dreadful Circus<\/a><em> was a miss. The prototype, like the upcoming new version of the game, was about dwarves collecting coins, gems and magical treasures. It fitted perfectly well with the game mechanisms, but it was only slightly more original than German medieval merchants. I was not really surprised when Portal asked to change it, and I was happy they had found an idea. The problem is that the new universe doesn\u2019t really make sense when playing, and the game never feels like the unfolding of a story. It\u2019s hard to say if it\u2019s because of the setting itself, or because it was implemented in a hurry, a few months before publication, without any real feedback to the game elements.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>My designs are not simulations, but the original universe can nevertheless inform the game mechanisms in many ways. I usually try to give hints to the setting, either with minor thematic rules, or with jokes linking card names and their game effects. These small rules, these lights puns, are obviously lost when there\u2019s a change of theme and should be replaced with other ones, even if it means changing a few rules. When a given rule doesn\u2019t make sense in the new setting, it&#8217;s often better to just remove it. Most times, this necessary feedback from the new theme into the game rules and cards is forgotten. The publisher takes the card, pieces and effects from the prototype and just gives them more or less random new names inspired by the new setting, names which don\u2019t always make sense. If the theme of so many games feels \u00ab&nbsp;pasted on&nbsp;\u00bb, it usually is because it has indeed been hurriedly and carelessly pasted on.<br>Bringing new small thematic rules, small thematic puns into the game, like Anja Wrede and I did when our <\/em>Lost Sheep<em> game became <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2019\/01\/14\/le-petit-poucet-little-thumb\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"9804\">Lost in the Woods<\/a><em>, needs some time, and an intricate knowledge of the game balance. That\u2019s why it should be done by, or at least with, the original designer.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>The mechanisms<\/strong> &#8211; that is, the rules<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>That\u2019s where things can get tricky, and this can lead to disagreements and even bitterness. The few publishers who are not frustrated designers are former game designers. Both can\u2019t resist jumping in, adding new rules, new cards, reworking the game balance. Big publishers even hire in-house \u201cgame developers\u201d, who are something like glorified professional frustrated game designers. These people have a vast game culture, lots of experience with reading and writing rules, they know the games and the gamers better than you do. The problem is that despite their larger game culture, they don\u2019t know your specific game as well as you do. They can help finalizing a game that is still a bit rough, they can give you valuable advice, but you should not let them put you aside. The best developers are those who don\u2019t try to rewrite the game rules but rather guide the designer and tell them in what direction they should work.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Bruno Cathala and I had a strange and mixed experience with <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2015\/03\/05\/raptor\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"4070\">Raptor<\/a><em>. After we &#8211; well, mostly Bruno &#8211; had changed the setting of our Hobbits\/Spider game to Raptors\/Scientists, we found a publisher for it, Matagot. The first months of development were painful, the publisher trying to make changes to the game that didn\u2019t really make sense, like replacing fire on the different spaces with barbed wire between the spaces. It made the game more complex, less thematic, and in some ways it was sending it back to earlier versions we knew didn\u2019t work. Luckily, if the publisher was a frustrated designer, it was an intelligent one who realized this didn\u2019t work. We mostly went back to our original version, but after a few months lost.<\/em> <em>Other publishers are more stubborn, or don\u2019t even think of discussing the changes with the designer.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/Mirkwood3.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"4079\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2015\/03\/05\/raptor\/mirkwood3\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/Mirkwood3.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"612,367\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Raptor Mirkwood\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/Mirkwood3.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/Mirkwood3.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4079\" width=\"292\" height=\"175\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/Mirkwood3.jpg 612w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/Mirkwood3-300x180.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/Mirkwood3-500x300.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 292px) 100vw, 292px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Raptor-couv-800.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"4646\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2015\/05\/10\/les-bruno-sont-de-retour-iii-the-brunos-are-back\/raptor-couv-800-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Raptor-couv-800.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"622,800\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Raptor &amp;#8211; Cover\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Raptor-couv-800.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Raptor-couv-800.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4646\" width=\"205\" height=\"270\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Of course, just like with theme, the publisher or developer can have really good ideas. Some of the characters in <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2021\/09\/01\/mascarade-2eme-edition\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"12301\">Mascarade<\/a><em>, or in the new version of <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2016\/12\/24\/citadelles-citadels\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"6048\">Citadels<\/a><em>, are in-house additions made by the people at Repos prod and Z-Man. As a designer, you should not block developers, you should not ignore them, but you should not let them get loose. Keep control of your game, be sure to check every new card, every new rule &#8211; and that\u2019s why they must be implemented one by one. <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Nothing is most frustrating than getting no news from a publisher and then suddenly finding out that the development has been made and more or less playtested without you, when receiving a link to a new set of rules and cards with hundreds of changes from your last version. That\u2019s what happened with <\/em>Dreadful Circus<em> and is the reason why I missed some of the most critical and problematic changes.<\/em> <em>I had long discussions with Ignacy and the team at Portal, we all admitted our errors, and we decided that I will get my rights on the game back. My original game, probably the design I\u2019m most proud of, will be published at the end of 2023 by Trick or Treat Games as <\/em>Treasure of the Dwarves<em>, with its original setting, its original rules and its original balance. It&#8217;s defintely not the same game<\/em> as Dreadful Circus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Dreadful-Circus-box.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"11934\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/dreadful-circus-box\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Dreadful-Circus-box.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"2110,2110\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Dreadful Circus box\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Dreadful-Circus-box-584x584.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Dreadful-Circus-box-584x584.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-11934\" width=\"220\" height=\"220\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Dreadful-Circus-box-584x584.jpg 584w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Dreadful-Circus-box-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Dreadful-Circus-box-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Dreadful-Circus-box-1536x1536.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Dreadful-Circus-box-2048x2048.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 220px) 100vw, 220px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Treasure-of-the-Dwarves-box.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"14401\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/treasure-of-the-dwarves-box\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Treasure-of-the-Dwarves-box.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"901,901\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Treasure of the Dwarves box\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Treasure-of-the-Dwarves-box-584x584.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Treasure-of-the-Dwarves-box-584x584.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-14401\" width=\"220\" height=\"220\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Treasure-of-the-Dwarves-box-584x584.jpg 584w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Treasure-of-the-Dwarves-box-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Treasure-of-the-Dwarves-box-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Treasure-of-the-Dwarves-box.jpg 901w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 220px) 100vw, 220px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><em>It might be OK, and even go very smoothly, when everything has been discussed from the beginning. I would have preferred Oink games, the small Japanese publisher of small games in very small boxes, to publish my original game about counting stars in the sky, <\/em>Constellations<em>. I was nevertheless happy when Jun Sasaki told me it had given him an idea for something a bit different, using one of the core mechanisms of my game. I saw his game about tourists going whale watching, <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2023\/04\/17\/whale-to-look-%e3%82%af%e3%82%b8%e3%83%a9%e3%82%aa%e3%83%ab%e3%82%ab\/\">Whale to look<\/a><em>, played it online with their team, and agreed to have it published. My name, however, is second after Jun&#8217;s one on the box. We originally agreed that I would still be allowed to look for a oublisher for my original game, though I gave up this idea after a few plays of the final version of <\/em>Whale to Look<em>, which, unlike what happened with Dreadful Circus, is indeed better and more fun than my <\/em>Constellations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/IMG_0597.jpeg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"584\" height=\"438\" data-attachment-id=\"15758\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2023\/06\/11\/entre-creation-et-edition-les-ambiguites-du-developpement-dun-jeu-between-design-and-publication-the-ambiguities-of-game-development\/img_0597\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/IMG_0597.jpeg\" data-orig-size=\"2048,1536\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"IMG_0597\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/IMG_0597-584x438.jpeg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/IMG_0597-584x438.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-15758\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/IMG_0597-584x438.jpeg 584w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/IMG_0597-300x225.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/IMG_0597-150x113.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/IMG_0597-1536x1152.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/IMG_0597-400x300.jpeg 400w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/IMG_0597.jpeg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Whale-to-look-display-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"14975\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/whale-to-look-display-1\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Whale-to-look-display-1.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"2000,1335\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Whale to look display 1\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Whale to Look&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Whale-to-look-display-1-584x390.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Whale-to-look-display-1-584x390.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-14975\" width=\"292\" height=\"195\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Whale-to-look-display-1-584x390.jpg 584w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Whale-to-look-display-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Whale-to-look-display-1-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Whale-to-look-display-1-1536x1025.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Whale-to-look-display-1-449x300.jpg 449w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Whale-to-look-display-1.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 292px) 100vw, 292px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2020\/12\/10\/vampire-the-masquerade-vendetta\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"11472\">Vampire the Masquerade &#8211; Vendetta<\/a><em>, which had three successive design phases, is a good example of how publisher development can be dealt with efficiently.<br>When Charlie Cleveland, who was already a successful video game designer, decided to give a try at a Vampire themed boardgame, he prudently chose to ask an old boardgame designer for collaboration, and he chose me. We started from his original prototype and together designed a second version, more fluid and different enough to deserve both our names on the prototype box &#8211; in a way, I was the developper there. Then we found a publisher, Horrible Games, who decided to move the game into the Masquerade universe. It&#8217;s still a vampire settiong, but a very specific and sophisticated one. Charlie, Lorenzo and Hjalmar of Horrible games were all familiar with it, I wasn&#8217;t. Working on this with them would have implied spending months reading sourcebooks to get acquainted with this universe, and I didn\u2019t have the time for it. This is why, for mostly technical reasons, I decided to step aside from this last development phase, but the original designer, Charlie, stayed in and even made the trip from San Francisco to Milan for a few intensive playtest and development sessions. They made a fantastic job.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Vendetta-cover.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"11494\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2020\/12\/10\/vampire-the-masquerade-vendetta\/vendetta-cover\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Vendetta-cover.png\" data-orig-size=\"600,600\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Vampire Vendetta cover\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Vendetta-cover-584x584.png\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Vendetta-cover-584x584.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-11494\" width=\"225\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Vendetta-cover-584x584.png 584w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Vendetta-cover-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Vendetta-cover-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Vendetta-cover.png 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong><em>New versions of older designs<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Being an old game designer, I now have a \u201ccatalog\u201d with many out of print games, and even a few ones which have had two or three successive editions. By the way, if you&#8217;re a publisher interested in republishing some of my older stuff, here\u2019s a <a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2023\/01\/01\/mes-jeux-epuises-eventuellement-disponibles-pour-une-reedition-my-out-of-print-games-available-for-a-possible-new-edition\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"14386\">recent blogpost with a list of available titles<\/a>.<\/em> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>A few years ago, Serge Laget and I have decided to work on a more dynamic version of <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2021\/08\/16\/the-artemis-odyssey\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"12290\">Ad Astra<\/a><em>. This new version ought to be published soon by Great Gamers Guild. Like for a brand new game, Serge and I made most of the development. The publisher was just testing successive iterations and emailing us remarks and advice, of which we made good use.<\/em> <em>Similarly, I wrote a first draft of the rules, which were rewritten here and there by the Great Gamers Guild, but always after discussion with us.<\/em> <em>Unfortunately, it didn\u2019t went as smoothly with the publisher of the French version<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/06\/NDS001-Box_Page_11.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"549\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2012\/05\/01\/sic-itur-ad-astra\/nds001-box_page_1-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/06\/NDS001-Box_Page_11.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"861,858\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Ad Astra &amp;#8211; Cover\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/06\/NDS001-Box_Page_11.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/06\/NDS001-Box_Page_11.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-549\" width=\"226\" height=\"226\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/06\/NDS001-Box_Page_11.jpg 861w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/06\/NDS001-Box_Page_11-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/06\/NDS001-Box_Page_11-301x300.jpg 301w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 226px) 100vw, 226px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Artemis-project.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"12263\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/sample-page\/artemis-project-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Artemis-project.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"894,1200\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Artemis project\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Artemis-project-435x584.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Artemis-project-435x584.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12263\" width=\"179\" height=\"245\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Most times however, and especially when the idea of a new edition of an out of print game comes from the publisher, I am not that much intellectually interested in reworking my older designs. It\u2019s never as exciting as making something really new. When \u00ab&nbsp;my&nbsp;\u00bb original version of a game has already been published, no matter whether it has been successful or not, I have no problem with giving a publisher free rein on a new version. What I could do with this game has been done, I&#8217;m now curious to see what others can do out of it.<\/em> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/06\/307967_10151252131804884_1285756689_n.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"1841\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/sample-page\/307967_10151252131804884_1285756689_n\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/06\/307967_10151252131804884_1285756689_n.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"960,660\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Lost temple cover\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/06\/307967_10151252131804884_1285756689_n.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/06\/307967_10151252131804884_1285756689_n.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1841\" width=\"258\" height=\"177\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/06\/307967_10151252131804884_1285756689_n.jpg 960w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/06\/307967_10151252131804884_1285756689_n-300x206.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/06\/307967_10151252131804884_1285756689_n-436x300.jpg 436w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 258px) 100vw, 258px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/DD4450AD-A662-424E-A196-000F548C37DB.jpeg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"14742\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/dd4450ad-a662-424e-a196-000f548c37db\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/DD4450AD-A662-424E-A196-000F548C37DB.jpeg\" data-orig-size=\"1050,1355\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"DD4450AD-A662-424E-A196-000F548C37DB\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/DD4450AD-A662-424E-A196-000F548C37DB-453x584.jpeg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/DD4450AD-A662-424E-A196-000F548C37DB-453x584.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-14742\" width=\"194\" height=\"249\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/DD4450AD-A662-424E-A196-000F548C37DB-453x584.jpeg 453w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/DD4450AD-A662-424E-A196-000F548C37DB-279x360.jpeg 279w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/DD4450AD-A662-424E-A196-000F548C37DB-116x150.jpeg 116w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/DD4450AD-A662-424E-A196-000F548C37DB.jpeg 1050w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 194px) 100vw, 194px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><em>A good example is <a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2023\/06\/01\/grail-cup\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"14769\">Grail Cup<\/a><\/em> <em>which is hitting the shelves just now, published  by Matagot. It is a reworking of an older game, <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2012\/05\/01\/le-temple-perdu-lost-temple\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"270\">Lost Temple<\/a><em>, published ten or fifteen years ago. <\/em>Lost Temple<em> was itself a different take on the <\/em>Citadels<em> character system.  It sold relatively well, but the success didn\u2019t last and the publisher discntinued it. I took it back, made a streamlined version without the gem\/money element, and showed it to a few publishers. Matagot was interested, but they also wanted a different settoing, to emphasize that it&#8217;s not the same game. We discussed it together and ended with a fun idea, Knights of camelot racing for the Grail castle. <\/em>Lost Temple<em> was already here, I still had a few author copies on my shelves, I was working on other projects at the time, so we decided together that their development team will handle the changes. Everey few months, they showed me their last version of the prototype so that I can playtest it and, sometimes, jump in with a few small ideas. I\u2019m really happy with the result, which is probably better than what I could have done.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Similarly, I recently signed for five games, no less, with a new publisher, Trick or Treat Studios. Three of them were brand new designs, <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2022\/04\/25\/trollfest\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"12313\">Trollfest<\/a><em>, <\/em>Treasure of the Dwarves <em>and a third one which has not been announced yet;  the publisher didn\u2019t ask for any major change to their rules<\/em>. The two other ones are new versions of older card games. <a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2012\/05\/01\/toc-toc-toc-knock-knock\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"520\">Knock Knock!<\/a><em> Has just been republished as <\/em>Halloween Party<em>. The development was a real collaborative work, the two designers, Gwena\u00ebl Bouquin and I, working together with the publisher on the fine tuning of some card effects.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/06\/2219_60192959883_469_n.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"1825\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/sample-page\/2219_60192959883_469_n\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/06\/2219_60192959883_469_n.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"540,540\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Toc Toc Toc cover\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/06\/2219_60192959883_469_n.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/06\/2219_60192959883_469_n.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1825\" width=\"225\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/06\/2219_60192959883_469_n.jpg 540w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/06\/2219_60192959883_469_n-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/06\/2219_60192959883_469_n-300x300.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/halloween-party.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"14738\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/halloween-party\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/halloween-party.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"271,368\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"halloween party\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/halloween-party.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/halloween-party.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-14738\" width=\"185\" height=\"252\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/halloween-party.jpg 271w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/halloween-party-265x360.jpg 265w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/halloween-party-110x150.jpg 110w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/halloween-party-221x300.jpg 221w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 185px) 100vw, 185px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><em>The last one, a card game which has not been announced yet, is also a new version of an older design which already had several iterations. Trick or Treat wanted to change the setting, and the new theme meant that we have to design new cards and decks embedded in this new universe. I made clear from the beginning that I was not very interested in working this, and I let them do the development. I check from time to time what they are doing, I playtest new cards deck to make sure everything works. It\u2019s still a work in progress.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Writing and rewriting rules<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>In the end, a game is just a set of rules. That\u2019s why, until the very end, the designer should check every version of the rules to make sure no unexpected and unwelcome change has been made. Theoretically, no change should be made that was not discussed with you before, but, well, it happens. It even happens in the lightest and simplest games. When checking the final rules for the very first edition of <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2016\/04\/11\/diamant\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"5623\">Diamant<\/a><em>, I suddenly realized the rule stating that when two identical danger cards are revealed, one of them is removed from the game, was missing. This had not been discussed before with the publisher. I emailed the publisher, whose answer was that this was just a very minor rule which was removed for the sake of simplicity. It is indeed a small rule, but it is essential because it changes the odds, making advancing slightly less hazardous when the game moves on, and therefore making dramatic comebacks more likely. If I had not noticed this, if I had not insisted on bringing back this trivial rule, the game would have been published without, and would probably have been less successful.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>I now insist on writing the first draft of the final ruleset, which then comes back and forth between publisher and designer for corrections and, here or there, rewriting. Most game authors don\u2019t work like this, because they don\u2019t like rules writing or because they know they\u2019re not very good at it. At least, you must make sure the rules are clear, grammatically correct, and that there is enough time for corrections and serious proof-reading. Too often, this is made hurriedly, sometimes in the week before the game goes to the printer. No wonder so many game rules are ambiguous and badly written.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Some publishers (mostly French ones, I don&#8217;t know why) spend months reworking the art and graphic design of a game, before writing clumsy rules in the last wekk and letting a day or two to the designer for prof-reading and correction. US publishers seem to be more aware of the importance of a clear and elegant writing. That&#8217;s one of the many reasons why the English rules of a game are almost always better than the French ones.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>There\u2019s a time for everything<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Game designers and game publishers have different time frames. I can understand why, I can sympathize with publishers\u2019 schedule issue. I nevertheless feel both overwhelmed and frustrated when I sign a publishing contract, wait one or two years with little or no news, and then suddenly receive an email saying \u00ab&nbsp;we plan to publish the game six months from now and, in the meantime we would like to change the setting, add a two player and a cooperative variant, remove a few cards and replace all the text with icons to make it language independent&nbsp;\u00bb. No matter whether the publisher asks you to do the changes or assumes it can work on it in-house, this is a recipe for editorial disaster<br>The designer\u2019s prototype is usually the result of months, if not years, of playtesting and fine tuning. Changes can always be made afterwards, but they must be made with the same care, one after the other, with enough playtesting and feedback in between. Many publishers underestimate the time needed to implement these changes, or overestimate both their developers\u2019 and the original designer\u2019s ability to do it.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Last minute ideas can be great, but you are never sure. Be wary of your own ones, and be even more wary of those from developers who don\u2019t know the game as well as you do.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>All by oneself ?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Of course there&#8217;s always the temptation to do all by oneself, to be at the same time designer, publisher and sometimes even illustrator. This is the choice made, for example, by Luis Brueh, who designed, among others, the recent and excellent <\/em>Night Parade of a Hundred Yokais<em>. I like his design style, and I would like all my games to be so well illustrated and produced. This might look like the best way to get exactly the game one wants. I never really seriously considered it, for two reasons.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/night-parade-en_1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"14320\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/night-parade-en_1\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/night-parade-en_1.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"800,800\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"night-parade-en_1\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/night-parade-en_1-584x584.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/night-parade-en_1-584x584.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-14320\" width=\"219\" height=\"229\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><em>The first reason is that, as I explained before, while publishers sometimes have bad ideas, they more often have good ones. I can grumble here for a few disappointments, but if I were to reckon all lmy published games, there are probably many more which were realy improved by the publisher&#8217;s &#8220;development&#8221;. <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>The second reason is that publishing is a different job, and one I don&#8217;t think I can master. I don&#8217;t feel like discussing graphic design, printing, production and distribution, and I&#8217;m quite sure I would be very bad at it. I\u2019m terrible at drawing, and Kickstarter partially solves only one other issue, distribution. For one relatively successful story like that of Luis Bru\u00eah, there are many unknown and sometimes ruined designers, who went all-in, confident that by designing a game, they had made the hardest part of the job.<\/em> <em>They had not.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>What has changed in 40 years\u2026.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>I\u2019ve had a few bad experiences recently. How a game will be \u00ab&nbsp;developed&nbsp;\u00bb should be clear from the beginning, and it almost never is. Between publishers and designers, issues with game development are far more frequent than issues about money, when our contracts sometimes have more than ten pages about how to reckon royalties and not a single sentence about the development and finalization of the game. It might make little sense to write it down if no one is willing to go to court about it, but at least it should be clearly and openly discussed by designer and publisher before signing a contract.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>I\u2019ve been designing games and dealing with publishers for forty years now. There has been lots of changes in what went from a tiny hobby to a mass market. Most designers and publishers are still enthusiast gamers, but they also had to become more professional. When it comes to finalizing a game, making last adjustments to the rules, choosing an artist, writing the final ruleset, everyone feels more and more responsible and wants to check everything. May be because I\u2019m not that good at art, I don\u2019t try to mess with the publisher\u2019s choice of illustration, even when I prefer to be informed and sometimes give my opinion. But on all other publishing issues, on everything that deals with the game itself, discussions have become more tense. I\u2019m open to discussion, but if I\u2019m not convinced, I try to hold my ground, and I think more designers should try to hold theirs.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Publishers know the market better than I do, and better than you do. They know what sells and what doesn\u2019t. They know what can fit in their line and what cannot. Contrary to game designers, they spend their own money in publishing a game. All this places them in a stronger position and can make difficult for a boardgame designer, especially a wannabe one, to resist a change they are afraid might weaken the game.<br>On the other hand, the designer\u2019s name is now on the game box like the novelist\u2019s name is on a book cover. A game designer is now recognized as an \u00ab&nbsp;author&nbsp;\u00bb, almost a writer ; this was not the case in the nineties, when he was seen as a kind of \u00ab&nbsp;inventor&nbsp;\u00bb. This also means the designer \/ author is accountable for what is in the box, the game, its setting, its mechanisms, its rules. If I\u2019m accountable, I need to be in<\/em> <em>charge, or at least involved.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>En octobre 2022, j\u2019ai \u00e9t\u00e9 invit\u00e9 \u00e0 participer \u00e0 une rencontre d\u2019auteurs et d\u2019\u00e9diteurs de jeu \u00e0 Puszczykowo, en Pologne, dont j\u2019ai parl\u00e9 un peu dans un autre post. J\u2019y ai donn\u00e9 une conf\u00e9rence, inspir\u00e9e par quelques d\u00e9convenues r\u00e9centes, sur &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/blog\/2023\/06\/11\/entre-creation-et-edition-les-ambiguites-du-developpement-dun-jeu-between-design-and-publication-the-ambiguities-of-game-development\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2363,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[123],"tags":[489,517,519,287,518,512],"class_list":["post-14304","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-creation-ludique-game-design","tag-dreadful-circus","tag-grail-cup","tag-halloween-party","tag-raptor","tag-treasure-of-the-dwarves","tag-whale-to-look"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/v314-shaman.jpg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p2HNOP-3II","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14304","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14304"}],"version-history":[{"count":67,"href":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14304\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15793,"href":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14304\/revisions\/15793"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2363"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14304"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14304"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14304"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}