{"id":960,"date":"2021-11-17T22:26:00","date_gmt":"2021-11-17T22:26:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/?p=960"},"modified":"2022-06-21T23:09:31","modified_gmt":"2022-06-21T23:09:31","slug":"le-renne-a-trois-bois","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/2021\/11\/17\/le-renne-a-trois-bois\/","title":{"rendered":"\u2795 Le renne \u00e0 trois bois"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-text-color\" style=\"color:#424eac\"><strong>Jules C\u00e9sar avait d\u00e9crit, dans la Guerre des gaules, un cerf ayant une corne au milieu du front. S\u2019agissait-il d\u2019un cerf unicorne, ou d\u2019un cerf portant un troisi\u00e8me bois entre les deux autres&nbsp;?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-light-gray-background-color has-background has-small-font-size\"><em> Le froid \u00e9tait terrible. Le sabot du cheval faisait crier le givre. Les cent-treize rangif\u00e8res, les alses et les satyres couraient comme des ombres \u00e0 travers la brume. L&#8217;\u00e2pret\u00e9 des bois et des montagnes \u00e9tait affreuse. Il n&#8217;y avait \u00e0 l&#8217;horizon que deux ou trois rochers d&#8217;une hauteur immense autour desquels volaient les mouettes et les stercoraires, et \u00e0 travers d&#8217;horribles verdures noires on entrevoyait de grandes vagues blanches auxquelles le ciel jetait des flocons de neige et qui jetaient au ciel des flocons d&#8217;\u00e9cume. P\u00e9copin traversait les m\u00e9l\u00e8zes de la Biarmie, qui sont au cap Nord.<br \/>Qu&#8217;\u00e9tait-ce donc que cette effroyable for\u00eat, qui faisait le tour de la terre?<\/em><br \/><br \/>\u2014 Victor Hugo, <em>Le Rhin<\/em>, 1842<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dans son histoire naturelle, Pline l&#8217;ancien avait d\u00e9crit un quadrup\u00e8de \u00e0 t\u00eate de cerf ayant une corne au milieu du front. Il lui avait donn\u00e9 le nom <em>monoceros<\/em>, unicorne en grec.<em> <\/em>Quelques enlumineurs m\u00e9di\u00e9vaux \u00e9tourdis ou peu vers\u00e9s en grec ont imagin\u00e9 et dessin\u00e9 l&#8217;animal avec deux bois de cerf encadrant une longue corne de licorne. <em>Graecum est, non legitur <\/em>&#8211; c\u2019est du grec, cela ne se lit pas &#8211; disait-on parfois dans les ateliers de copistes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow aligncenter\" data-effect=\"slide\"><div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_container swiper-container\"><ul class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_swiper-wrapper swiper-wrapper\"><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1278\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-3429\" data-id=\"3429\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/6-Leiden-ms-BPL-14A-fol-48v-Jacob-van-Maerlant-der-naturen-bloeme-1-2048x1278.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/6-Leiden-ms-BPL-14A-fol-48v-Jacob-van-Maerlant-der-naturen-bloeme-1-2048x1278.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/6-Leiden-ms-BPL-14A-fol-48v-Jacob-van-Maerlant-der-naturen-bloeme-1-300x187.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/6-Leiden-ms-BPL-14A-fol-48v-Jacob-van-Maerlant-der-naturen-bloeme-1-768x479.jpg 768w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/6-Leiden-ms-BPL-14A-fol-48v-Jacob-van-Maerlant-der-naturen-bloeme-1-1536x959.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/6-Leiden-ms-BPL-14A-fol-48v-Jacob-van-Maerlant-der-naturen-bloeme-1-481x300.jpg 481w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">Le monoceros de Pline.<br \/>Jacob van Maerlant, <i>Der naturen bloeme<\/i>, XIVe si\u00e8cle.<br \/>\nLeyde, Biblioth\u00e8que Universiaire, ms BPL 14, fol 48v.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1589\" height=\"977\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-3427\" data-id=\"3427\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/9-Berlin-Staatsbibliothek-ms-Germ-fol-52-fol-7v-Der-naturen-bloeme.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/9-Berlin-Staatsbibliothek-ms-Germ-fol-52-fol-7v-Der-naturen-bloeme.jpg 1589w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/9-Berlin-Staatsbibliothek-ms-Germ-fol-52-fol-7v-Der-naturen-bloeme-300x184.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/9-Berlin-Staatsbibliothek-ms-Germ-fol-52-fol-7v-Der-naturen-bloeme-768x472.jpg 768w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/9-Berlin-Staatsbibliothek-ms-Germ-fol-52-fol-7v-Der-naturen-bloeme-1536x944.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/9-Berlin-Staatsbibliothek-ms-Germ-fol-52-fol-7v-Der-naturen-bloeme-488x300.jpg 488w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1589px) 100vw, 1589px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">Jacob van Maerlant, <i>Der naturen bloeme<\/i>, XIVe si\u00e8cle.<br \/>\nBerlin, Staatsbibliothek, ms germ fol 52, fol 7v.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1826\" height=\"1510\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-6827\" data-id=\"6827\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/03\/Bremen-ms-a.39-fol-30v-Der-Naturen-Bloeme-detail-1.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/03\/Bremen-ms-a.39-fol-30v-Der-Naturen-Bloeme-detail-1.jpg 1826w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/03\/Bremen-ms-a.39-fol-30v-Der-Naturen-Bloeme-detail-1-300x248.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/03\/Bremen-ms-a.39-fol-30v-Der-Naturen-Bloeme-detail-1-768x635.jpg 768w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/03\/Bremen-ms-a.39-fol-30v-Der-Naturen-Bloeme-detail-1-1536x1270.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/03\/Bremen-ms-a.39-fol-30v-Der-Naturen-Bloeme-detail-1-363x300.jpg 363w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1826px) 100vw, 1826px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">Jacob van Maerlant, <i>Der naturen bloeme<\/i>, XIVe si\u00e8cle.<br \/>Bremen UB, ms A 39, fol 30v.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><a class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-prev swiper-button-prev swiper-button-white\" role=\"button\"><\/a><a class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-next swiper-button-next swiper-button-white\" role=\"button\"><\/a><a aria-label=\"Pause Slideshow\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-pause\" role=\"button\"><\/a><div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_pagination swiper-pagination swiper-pagination-white\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Dans la Guerre des Gaules, Jules C\u00e9sar n&#8217;emploie en revanche pas le mot licorne &#8211; unicornis ou <em>monoceros <\/em>&#8211;  quand il assure qu\u2019\u00ab&nbsp;Il y a (dans les for\u00eats de Germanie), un b\u0153uf ayant l\u2019allure d\u2019un cerf qui porte au milieu du front une corne plus haute et plus droite que toutes les autres cornes de nous connues<a href=\"#_ftn1\">[1]<\/a>&nbsp;\u00bb. Tout comme pour le bouc de la vision de Daniel, le texte est donc ambigu et l\u2019on peut imaginer l\u2019animal unicorne ou, puisqu\u2019il avait l\u2019allure d\u2019un cerf, portant trois bois, deux tr\u00e8s classiquement positionn\u00e9s \u00e0 gauche et \u00e0 droite, sur le dessus de la t\u00eate,et un troisi\u00e8me central &#8211; voire deux bois de cerfs et une corne de licorne. <\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Asterix.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3424\" width=\"522\" height=\"499\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Asterix-300x286.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Asterix-768x732.jpg 768w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Asterix-315x300.jpg 315w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 522px) 100vw, 522px\" \/><figcaption>Ast\u00e9rix et le griffon.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>C\u00e9sar n\u2019\u00e9tait pas homme \u00e0 se laisser aller au merveilleux, ses descriptions sont habituellement exactes, et l\u2019on peut penser qu\u2019il a vu, et d\u00e9crit de mani\u00e8re impr\u00e9cise, un renne ou un \u00e9lan, animal qui pouvait alors se trouver dans ces r\u00e9gions.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/strolling_reindeer-2048x1361.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-964\" width=\"510\" height=\"340\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/strolling_reindeer-2048x1361.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/strolling_reindeer-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/strolling_reindeer-768x511.jpg 768w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/strolling_reindeer-1536x1021.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/strolling_reindeer-451x300.jpg 451w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 510px) 100vw, 510px\" \/><figcaption>Un renne dont il n\u2019est pas tr\u00e8s ais\u00e9 de compter les bois\u2026 <br \/><span style=\"color:#9e9e9e\" class=\"tadv-color\">Photo Alexandre Buisse, Wikimedia Commons <\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>\u00c0 la Renaissance, ce texte fut parfois cit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9fendre l\u2019existence d\u2019une tr\u00e8s hypoth\u00e9tique licorne hercynienne, voire pour affirmer que l\u2019on croisait aussi bien des licornes que des rhinoc\u00e9ros dans les for\u00eats d&#8217;Europe centrale, comme l\u2019assure en 1552 le m\u00e9decin anglais Edward Wotton dans son <em>De differentiis animalium. <\/em>La distinction que fait le fran\u00e7ais contemporain entre les bois ou cors caducs et les cornes persistantes n\u2019existe pas en latin, et n\u2019\u00e9tait pas syst\u00e9matique en fran\u00e7ais m\u00e9di\u00e9val, ce qui facilitait la confusion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow aligncenter\" data-effect=\"slide\"><div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_container swiper-container\"><ul class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_swiper-wrapper swiper-wrapper\"><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1381\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-963\" data-id=\"963\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Valenciennes-ms-0320-fol-77r-2048x1381.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Valenciennes-ms-0320-fol-77r-2048x1381.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Valenciennes-ms-0320-fol-77r-300x202.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Valenciennes-ms-0320-fol-77r-768x518.jpg 768w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Valenciennes-ms-0320-fol-77r-1536x1036.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Valenciennes-ms-0320-fol-77r-445x300.jpg 445w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">Le Rangifer du <i>De natura rerum <\/i>de Thomas de Cantimpr\u00e9, circa 1280. <br \/>\nBiblioth\u00e8que de Valenciennes, ms 0320, fol 77r \n<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1393\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-962\" data-id=\"962\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Valenciennes-ms-0320-fol-79V--2048x1393.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Valenciennes-ms-0320-fol-79V--2048x1393.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Valenciennes-ms-0320-fol-79V--300x204.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Valenciennes-ms-0320-fol-79V--768x522.jpg 768w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Valenciennes-ms-0320-fol-79V--1536x1045.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Valenciennes-ms-0320-fol-79V--441x300.jpg 441w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">Le tragelaphus \u00e0 cinq bois du <i>De natura rerum<\/i> de Thomas de Cantimpr\u00e9, circa 1280. Signalons que dans un roman arthurien du XIIIe si\u00e8cle, Les premiers faits du roi Arthur, Merlin se transforme en cerf \u00e0 cinq cors.<br \/>\nBiblioth\u00e8que de Valenciennes, ms 0320, fol 79v.\n<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"952\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-968\" data-id=\"968\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Leiden-ms-BPL-14A-fol-53v-Jacob-van-Maerlant-der-naturen-bloeme-2048x952.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Leiden-ms-BPL-14A-fol-53v-Jacob-van-Maerlant-der-naturen-bloeme-2048x952.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Leiden-ms-BPL-14A-fol-53v-Jacob-van-Maerlant-der-naturen-bloeme-300x139.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Leiden-ms-BPL-14A-fol-53v-Jacob-van-Maerlant-der-naturen-bloeme-768x357.jpg 768w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Leiden-ms-BPL-14A-fol-53v-Jacob-van-Maerlant-der-naturen-bloeme-1536x714.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Leiden-ms-BPL-14A-fol-53v-Jacob-van-Maerlant-der-naturen-bloeme-500x232.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">Des cornes assez vari\u00e9es pour ce rangifer.<br \/>\nJacob van Maerlant, <i>Der Naturen Bloeme, <\/i>XIVe si\u00e8cle.<br \/>\nLeyde, Biblioth\u00e8que Universiaire, ms BPL 14, fol 53v\n<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1154\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-6757\" data-id=\"6757\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/03\/KB-76-E4-fol-62v-Rangifer-Der-Naturen-Bloeme-2048x1154.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/03\/KB-76-E4-fol-62v-Rangifer-Der-Naturen-Bloeme-2048x1154.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/03\/KB-76-E4-fol-62v-Rangifer-Der-Naturen-Bloeme-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/03\/KB-76-E4-fol-62v-Rangifer-Der-Naturen-Bloeme-768x433.jpg 768w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/03\/KB-76-E4-fol-62v-Rangifer-Der-Naturen-Bloeme-1536x866.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/03\/KB-76-E4-fol-62v-Rangifer-Der-Naturen-Bloeme-500x282.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">Jacob van Merlant, <i>Der Naturen Bloeme,<\/i>, fin du XVe si\u00e8cle.<br \/>\nLa Haye, KB, ms KB 76 E4, fol 62v.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1208\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-5532\" data-id=\"5532\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/03\/Morgan-ms-M-461-fol-59r-Norvege-2048x1208.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/03\/Morgan-ms-M-461-fol-59r-Norvege-2048x1208.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/03\/Morgan-ms-M-461-fol-59r-Norvege-300x177.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/03\/Morgan-ms-M-461-fol-59r-Norvege-768x453.jpg 768w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/03\/Morgan-ms-M-461-fol-59r-Norvege-1536x906.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/03\/Morgan-ms-M-461-fol-59r-Norvege-500x295.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">Une \u00e9trange licorne carnivore \u00e0 deux cornes en Norv\u00e8ge sur un manuscrit du <i>Livre des Merveilles du Monde<\/i>, vers 1460. Le texte ne dit rien \u00e0 son sujet, il n&#8217;est pas certain que ce soit un rangifer.<br \/>\nNew York, Morgan Library, ms M 461, fol 59r.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><a class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-prev swiper-button-prev swiper-button-white\" role=\"button\"><\/a><a class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-next swiper-button-next swiper-button-white\" role=\"button\"><\/a><a aria-label=\"Pause Slideshow\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-pause\" role=\"button\"><\/a><div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_pagination swiper-pagination swiper-pagination-white\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Le passage de la guerre des Gaules a aussi \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 pour d\u00e9crire des animaux tricornes cens\u00e9s vivre en Europe du Nord. D\u00e8s le XIIIe si\u00e8cle Albert le Grand, dans son trait\u00e9 <em>De Animalibus, <\/em>distingue ainsi soigneusement dans la faune scandinave le <em>ramifer<\/em> bicorne et le <em>rangifer<\/em> tricorne. C\u2019est bien s\u00fbr dans les deux cas de notre renne qu\u2019il s\u2019agit, mais d\u2019un renne encore mal connu et mal d\u00e9crit.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Ortus_sanitatis-BN-Fol-S-4455-.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-965\" width=\"532\" height=\"676\"\/><figcaption>Johannes de Cuba, <em>Hortus Sanitatis,<\/em> 1497. <br \/><span style=\"color:#9e9e9e\" class=\"tadv-color\">BNF, FOL-S-545 <\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>L\u2019autorit\u00e9 du Grand Albert n\u2019\u00e9tant gu\u00e8re contest\u00e9e, on retrouve d\u00e8s lors des <em>rangifers<\/em> \u00e0 trois bois, rangif\u00e8res en fran\u00e7ais, dans toute la litt\u00e9rature consacr\u00e9e au Septentrion, et dans quelques bestiaires d\u2019Europe du nord. Celui de Thomas de Cantimpr\u00e9, le <em>De natura rerum<\/em>, pr\u00e9cise cependant que si le rangif\u00e8re a trois bois, deux d\u2019entre eux sont plus longs que le troisi\u00e8me. Sur un tr\u00e8s beau manuscrit conserv\u00e9 \u00e0 la biblioth\u00e8que de Valenciennes, sa ramure semble faite de quatre bois&nbsp;; quelques pages plus loin, le <em>tragelaphus<\/em>, nom aujourd\u2019hui donn\u00e9 \u00e0 une antilope, est repr\u00e9sent\u00e9 avec pas moins de cinq cornes, mais le texte dit juste qu\u2019il a \u00ab&nbsp;des cornes&nbsp;\u00bb, sans en pr\u00e9ciser le nombre.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Historia_de_gentibus_septentrionalibus_earumque_...Magnus_Olaus_bpt6k15213327_218.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-971\" width=\"473\" height=\"763\"\/><figcaption>Olaus Magnus, <i>Historia de gentibus septentrionalis, <\/i>1555.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Olaus Magnus publia en 1555 une volumineuse <em>Historia de Gentibus Septentrionalibus <\/em>(Histoire des gens du Nord). Ce texte assez r\u00e9aliste est parfois consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un pr\u00e9curseur de l\u2019ethnographie moderne. L\u2019ancien archev\u00eaque d\u2019Uppsala exil\u00e9 \u00e0 Rome, qui connaissait son sujet, n\u2019y \u00e9crit nulle part que le renne porte trois bois, mais c\u2019est ainsi que le graveur l\u2019a repr\u00e9sent\u00e9 sur toutes les illustrations d\u2019un ouvrage qui fut un grand succ\u00e8s d\u2019\u00e9dition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow aligncenter\" data-effect=\"slide\"><div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_container swiper-container\"><ul class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_swiper-wrapper swiper-wrapper\"><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1408\" height=\"1001\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-976\" data-id=\"976\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Historia_de_gentibus_septentrionalibus-1.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Historia_de_gentibus_septentrionalibus-1.jpg 1408w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Historia_de_gentibus_septentrionalibus-1-300x213.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Historia_de_gentibus_septentrionalibus-1-768x546.jpg 768w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Historia_de_gentibus_septentrionalibus-1-422x300.jpg 422w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1408px) 100vw, 1408px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">Olaus Magnus, <i>Historia de gentibus septentrionalis, <\/i>1555.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1510\" height=\"1017\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-975\" data-id=\"975\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Historia_de_gentibus_septentrionalibus-2.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Historia_de_gentibus_septentrionalibus-2.jpg 1510w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Historia_de_gentibus_septentrionalibus-2-300x202.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Historia_de_gentibus_septentrionalibus-2-768x517.jpg 768w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Historia_de_gentibus_septentrionalibus-2-445x300.jpg 445w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1510px) 100vw, 1510px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">Olaus Magnus, <i>Historia de gentibus septentrionalis, <\/i>1555.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1411\" height=\"995\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-974\" data-id=\"974\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Historia_de_gentibus_septentrionalibus-3.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Historia_de_gentibus_septentrionalibus-3.jpg 1411w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Historia_de_gentibus_septentrionalibus-3-300x212.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Historia_de_gentibus_septentrionalibus-3-768x542.jpg 768w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Historia_de_gentibus_septentrionalibus-3-425x300.jpg 425w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1411px) 100vw, 1411px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">Olaus Magnus, <i>Historia de gentibus septentrionalis, <\/i>1555.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1534\" height=\"1004\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-973\" data-id=\"973\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Historia_de_gentibus_septentrionalibus-4.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Historia_de_gentibus_septentrionalibus-4.jpg 1534w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Historia_de_gentibus_septentrionalibus-4-300x196.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Historia_de_gentibus_septentrionalibus-4-768x503.jpg 768w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Historia_de_gentibus_septentrionalibus-4-458x300.jpg 458w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1534px) 100vw, 1534px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">Olaus Magnus, <i>Historia de gentibus septentrionalis, <\/i>1555.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1492\" height=\"980\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-972\" data-id=\"972\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Historia_de_gentibus_septentrionalibus-5.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Historia_de_gentibus_septentrionalibus-5.jpg 1492w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Historia_de_gentibus_septentrionalibus-5-300x197.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Historia_de_gentibus_septentrionalibus-5-768x504.jpg 768w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Historia_de_gentibus_septentrionalibus-5-457x300.jpg 457w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1492px) 100vw, 1492px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">Olaus Magnus, <i>Historia de gentibus septentrionalis, <\/i>1555.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1069\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-3529\" data-id=\"3529\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Adriaen_Coenens_Visboeck_-_KB_78_E_54_-_folio_034v-2048x1069.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Adriaen_Coenens_Visboeck_-_KB_78_E_54_-_folio_034v-2048x1069.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Adriaen_Coenens_Visboeck_-_KB_78_E_54_-_folio_034v-300x157.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Adriaen_Coenens_Visboeck_-_KB_78_E_54_-_folio_034v-768x401.jpg 768w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Adriaen_Coenens_Visboeck_-_KB_78_E_54_-_folio_034v-1536x802.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Adriaen_Coenens_Visboeck_-_KB_78_E_54_-_folio_034v-500x261.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">Manuscrit du p\u00eacheur flamand Adriaen Coenens, fin du XVIe si\u00e8cle.<br \/>La Haye, Koningslijke Bibliotheek, ms KB 78 E 54, fol 34v.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><a class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-prev swiper-button-prev swiper-button-white\" role=\"button\"><\/a><a class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-next swiper-button-next swiper-button-white\" role=\"button\"><\/a><a aria-label=\"Pause Slideshow\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-pause\" role=\"button\"><\/a><div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_pagination swiper-pagination swiper-pagination-white\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c0 la m\u00eame \u00e9poque, Conrad Gesner, dans son trait\u00e9 <em>De Quadrupedibus Viviparis<\/em> nuance quelque peu, pr\u00e9cisant que \u00able rangif\u00e8re a habituellement trois cornes, mais il arrive que certains individus n\u2019en aient que deux\u2026 Deux de ses cornes, au m\u00eame emplacement que les cornes du cerf, sont plus grandes que la troisi\u00e8me<a href=\"#_ftn2\">[2]<\/a>.\u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow aligncenter\" data-effect=\"slide\"><div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_container swiper-container\"><ul class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_swiper-wrapper swiper-wrapper\"><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1346\" height=\"1248\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-977\" data-id=\"977\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Gesner-Rangifer.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Gesner-Rangifer.jpg 1346w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Gesner-Rangifer-300x278.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Gesner-Rangifer-768x712.jpg 768w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Gesner-Rangifer-324x300.jpg 324w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1346px) 100vw, 1346px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">Conrad Gesner, Histori\u00e6 Animalium, Zurich, 1551.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1699\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-5781\" data-id=\"5781\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/03\/BN-Estampes-JB-22-Pet.Fol_.Animaux_divers-2048x1699.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/03\/BN-Estampes-JB-22-Pet.Fol_.Animaux_divers-2048x1699.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/03\/BN-Estampes-JB-22-Pet.Fol_.Animaux_divers-300x249.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/03\/BN-Estampes-JB-22-Pet.Fol_.Animaux_divers-768x637.jpg 768w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/03\/BN-Estampes-JB-22-Pet.Fol_.Animaux_divers-1536x1274.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/03\/BN-Estampes-JB-22-Pet.Fol_.Animaux_divers-362x300.jpg 362w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">Aquarelle du d\u00e9but du XVIIe si\u00e8cle.<br \/>BNF, Estampes, PET-FOL JB-22.           \n<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1376\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-5784\" data-id=\"5784\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/03\/BN-Estampes-JB-22-Pet.Fol_.Animaux_divers2-2048x1376.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/03\/BN-Estampes-JB-22-Pet.Fol_.Animaux_divers2-2048x1376.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/03\/BN-Estampes-JB-22-Pet.Fol_.Animaux_divers2-300x201.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/03\/BN-Estampes-JB-22-Pet.Fol_.Animaux_divers2-768x516.jpg 768w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/03\/BN-Estampes-JB-22-Pet.Fol_.Animaux_divers2-1536x1032.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/03\/BN-Estampes-JB-22-Pet.Fol_.Animaux_divers2-447x300.jpg 447w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">BNF, Estampes, PET-FOL JB-22.           <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><a class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-prev swiper-button-prev swiper-button-white\" role=\"button\"><\/a><a class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-next swiper-button-next swiper-button-white\" role=\"button\"><\/a><a aria-label=\"Pause Slideshow\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-pause\" role=\"button\"><\/a><div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_pagination swiper-pagination swiper-pagination-white\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Contrairement \u00e0 la licorne, le rangif\u00e8re ne vivait pas dans des r\u00e9gions lointaines&nbsp;; la Scandinavie \u00e9tait mieux connue que l\u2019Inde et l\u2019\u00c9thiopie. L\u2019animal n\u2019avait rien de sauvage ou d\u2019indomptable, et les gravures le montrent fr\u00e9quemment mont\u00e9 par des chasseurs, tirant un traineau ou trait par une fermi\u00e8re.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow aligncenter\" data-effect=\"slide\"><div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_container swiper-container\"><ul class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_swiper-wrapper swiper-wrapper\"><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1517\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-979\" data-id=\"979\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Olaus-Magnus-Carta_Marina-1539-2048x1517.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Olaus-Magnus-Carta_Marina-1539-2048x1517.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Olaus-Magnus-Carta_Marina-1539-300x222.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Olaus-Magnus-Carta_Marina-1539-768x569.jpg 768w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Olaus-Magnus-Carta_Marina-1539-1536x1138.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Olaus-Magnus-Carta_Marina-1539-405x300.jpg 405w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">Carte de Scandinavie d\u2019Olaus Magnus, \u00e9dition de 1572.\nOutre les nombreux rangif\u00e8res, vous y apercevrez en cherchant bien une licorne de mer.\n<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1332\" height=\"709\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-967\" data-id=\"967\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Olaus-Magnus-Carta_Marina-1539-detail.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Olaus-Magnus-Carta_Marina-1539-detail.jpg 1332w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Olaus-Magnus-Carta_Marina-1539-detail-300x160.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Olaus-Magnus-Carta_Marina-1539-detail-768x409.jpg 768w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Olaus-Magnus-Carta_Marina-1539-detail-500x266.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1332px) 100vw, 1332px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">Carte de Scandinavie d\u2019Olaus Magnus, \u00e9dition de 1572.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1536\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-3614\" data-id=\"3614\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Marshs-library-Dublin-2048x1536.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Marshs-library-Dublin-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Marshs-library-Dublin-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Marshs-library-Dublin-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Marshs-library-Dublin-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Marshs-library-Dublin-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">Une autre version de la carte d&#8217;Olaus Magnus.<br \/>\nMarsh&#8217;s Library, Dublin.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><a class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-prev swiper-button-prev swiper-button-white\" role=\"button\"><\/a><a class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-next swiper-button-next swiper-button-white\" role=\"button\"><\/a><a aria-label=\"Pause Slideshow\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-pause\" role=\"button\"><\/a><div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_pagination swiper-pagination swiper-pagination-white\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>En 1614, dans son <em>Histoire de la lycorne<\/em>, l\u2019apothicaire Laurent Catelan fait du rangif\u00e8re un unicorne, \u00e9crivant que&nbsp; \u00abThevet en sa cosmographie r\u00e9cite qu\u2019en Finlande il y a une sorte de rangif\u00e8re demi-cerf et demi-cheval qui est pareillement unicorne et qui est une b\u00eate forte et grandement puissante, d\u2019o\u00f9 vient qu\u2019on l\u2019emploie \u00e0 l\u2019attelage des chariots et des charrettes<a href=\"#_ftn3\">[3]<\/a>\u00bb . Sa source \u00e9tait inexacte, et de cette erreur naquit le rarissime rangif\u00e8re unicorne, que l\u2019on retrouve dans quelques trait\u00e9s de m\u00e9decine \u00e9crits par des lecteurs du pharmacien montpelli\u00e9rain&nbsp;; si Thevet parlait certes du rangif\u00e8re \u00e0 deux reprises dans sa cosmographie universelle, l\u2019animal \u00e9tait pour lui, comme pour tous les cosmographes et naturalistes du XVIe si\u00e8cle \u00abune b\u00eate portant trois rameaux de cornes<a href=\"#_ftn4\">[4]<\/a>.\u00bb&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow aligncenter\" data-effect=\"slide\"><div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_container swiper-container\"><ul class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_swiper-wrapper swiper-wrapper\"><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1619\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-966\" data-id=\"966\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Sebastien-Munster-Cosmographie-2048x1619.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Sebastien-Munster-Cosmographie-2048x1619.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Sebastien-Munster-Cosmographie-300x237.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Sebastien-Munster-Cosmographie-768x607.jpg 768w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Sebastien-Munster-Cosmographie-1536x1214.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Sebastien-Munster-Cosmographie-379x300.jpg 379w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">Les cr\u00e9atures, surtout marines, des pays septentrionaux  dans la <i>Cosmographie <\/i>de S\u00e9bastien Munster, en 1552. Le ramif\u00e8re bicorne est \u00e0 gauche, le rangif\u00e8re tricorne \u00e0 droite. Cet exemplaire joliment colori\u00e9 se trouve \u00e0 la biblioth\u00e8que de Nouvelles Galles du Sud.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1512\" height=\"884\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-3411\" data-id=\"3411\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Rangifer-08-Sebastien-Munster-Cosmographie-copie.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Rangifer-08-Sebastien-Munster-Cosmographie-copie.jpg 1512w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Rangifer-08-Sebastien-Munster-Cosmographie-copie-300x175.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Rangifer-08-Sebastien-Munster-Cosmographie-copie-768x449.jpg 768w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Rangifer-08-Sebastien-Munster-Cosmographie-copie-500x292.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1512px) 100vw, 1512px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1511\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-3412\" data-id=\"3412\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/canvas-2048x1511.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/canvas-2048x1511.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/canvas-300x221.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/canvas-768x567.jpg 768w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/canvas-1536x1133.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/canvas-407x300.jpg 407w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">Comme celle de la licorne, la robe du rangif\u00e8re peut changer selon l&#8217;humeur du peintre. Cet exemplaire est dans une collection priv\u00e9e.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><a class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-prev swiper-button-prev swiper-button-white\" role=\"button\"><\/a><a class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-next swiper-button-next swiper-button-white\" role=\"button\"><\/a><a aria-label=\"Pause Slideshow\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-pause\" role=\"button\"><\/a><div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_pagination swiper-pagination swiper-pagination-white\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>En 1650 encore, dans son <em>Historia Naturalis de Quadrupedibus, <\/em>le polonais Jon Jonston tourne autour du pot pour d\u00e9crire la ramure du rangifer, faite de trois bois, ou peut-\u00eatre deux, ou peut-\u00eatre trois dont un plus court que les autres. L\u2019illustrateur, inspir\u00e9 par les gravures d\u2019Antonio Tempesta, ne se posait pas tant de questions et dessina un superbe renne triplement arm\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow aligncenter\" data-effect=\"slide\"><div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_container swiper-container\"><ul class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_swiper-wrapper swiper-wrapper\"><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1563\" height=\"2048\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-987\" data-id=\"987\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Aldrovandi-Quadrupedum-omnium-bisulcorum-historia-1621-1563x2048.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Aldrovandi-Quadrupedum-omnium-bisulcorum-historia-1621-1563x2048.jpg 1563w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Aldrovandi-Quadrupedum-omnium-bisulcorum-historia-1621-229x300.jpg 229w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Aldrovandi-Quadrupedum-omnium-bisulcorum-historia-1621-768x1006.jpg 768w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Aldrovandi-Quadrupedum-omnium-bisulcorum-historia-1621-1172x1536.jpg 1172w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Aldrovandi-Quadrupedum-omnium-bisulcorum-historia-1621-scaled.jpg 1954w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1563px) 100vw, 1563px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">Ulysse Aldrovandi, <i>Quadrupedum omnium bisulcorum historia<\/i>, 1621<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1293\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-970\" data-id=\"970\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Jonston-Rangifer-2048x1293.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Jonston-Rangifer-2048x1293.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Jonston-Rangifer-300x189.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Jonston-Rangifer-768x485.jpg 768w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Jonston-Rangifer-1536x970.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Jonston-Rangifer-475x300.jpg 475w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">Jan Jonston, <i>Historia Naturalis de Quadrupedibus<\/i>, 1650.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><a class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-prev swiper-button-prev swiper-button-white\" role=\"button\"><\/a><a class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-next swiper-button-next swiper-button-white\" role=\"button\"><\/a><a aria-label=\"Pause Slideshow\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-pause\" role=\"button\"><\/a><div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_pagination swiper-pagination swiper-pagination-white\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>On comprit progressivement au XVIIe si\u00e8cle que le <em>ramif\u00e8re<\/em>, bicorne, et le <em>rangif\u00e8re<\/em>, tricorne, n\u2019\u00e9taient qu\u2019un seul et m\u00eame animal, le renne, dont les premiers andouillers, longs et aplatis, avaient pu passer aux yeux d\u2019un observateur inattentif pour un troisi\u00e8me bois. Linn\u00e9 disposait donc de deux noms possibles pour l\u2019esp\u00e8ce <em>renne<\/em>&nbsp;; il choisit curieusement celui de <em>rangifer<\/em>, et non de <em>ramifer<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/BN-Vincennes-D.1.Z14-fol-54v-Cosmographie-Le-Testu-1444x2048.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-978\" width=\"555\" height=\"789\"\/><figcaption>S\u2019il faut en croire l\u2019atlas du pilote malouin Guillaume le Testu, des rangif\u00e8res tricornes vivent \u00e9galement au Mexique.<br \/> <i>Cosmographie universelle, selon les navigateurs tant anciens que modernes, par Guillaume Le Testu, pillotte en la mer du Ponent, de la ville francoyse de Gr\u00e2ce, 1555.<\/i><br \/><span style=\"color:#9e9e9e\" class=\"tadv-color\"> BNF, Service historique de la d\u00e9fense, Vincennes, D.1.Z14, fol 54v <\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a> &nbsp;<em>Est bos cervi figura, cujus a media fronte inter aures unum cornu existit, excelsius magisque directum his qu\u00e6 nobis nota sunt cornibus<\/em>. <em>De Bello Gallico<\/em>, VI, 26.<br \/><a href=\"#_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a> Conrad Gesner, <em>Historia Animalium, de Quadrupedibus Viviparis<\/em>, Francfort,1603 (1551), p.839.<br \/><a href=\"#_ftnref3\">[3]<\/a> Laurent Catelan, <em>Histoire de la Nature, chasse, proprietez, vertus et usages de la licorne<\/em>, Montpellier 1624, p.9.<br \/><a href=\"#_ftnref4\">[4]<\/a> Andr\u00e9 Thevet<em>, Cosmographie universelle<\/em>, Paris, 1575, liv.V, cap.5.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Jules C\u00e9sar avait d\u00e9crit, dans la Guerre des gaules, un cerf ayant une corne au milieu du front. S\u2019agissait-il d\u2019un cerf unicorne, ou d\u2019un cerf portant un troisi\u00e8me bois entre les deux autres&nbsp;? Le froid \u00e9tait terrible. Le sabot du &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/2021\/11\/17\/le-renne-a-trois-bois\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3429,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-960","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-5-la-corne-et-la-science"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/6-Leiden-ms-BPL-14A-fol-48v-Jacob-van-Maerlant-der-naturen-bloeme-1-scaled.jpg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/960","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=960"}],"version-history":[{"count":24,"href":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/960\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6830,"href":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/960\/revisions\/6830"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3429"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=960"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=960"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=960"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}