{"id":4283,"date":"2022-04-11T07:33:41","date_gmt":"2022-04-11T07:33:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/?p=4283"},"modified":"2023-07-31T15:21:07","modified_gmt":"2023-07-31T15:21:07","slug":"%f0%9f%93%96-une-feroce-beste","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/2022\/04\/11\/%f0%9f%93%96-une-feroce-beste\/","title":{"rendered":"\ud83d\udcd6 Une f\u00e9roce beste"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-blue-color has-text-color\"><strong>Comme beaucoup, ce chapitre \u00e9tait trop long. J&#8217;ai donc privil\u00e9gi\u00e9 dans le livre les sources profanes, mais les licornes des textes religieux pouvaient \u00eatre tout aussi f\u00e9roces.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Quelques licornes apparaissaient dans le texte biblique de la Vulgate latine, un chapitre du livre leur est consacr\u00e9. Dans les commentaires des <em>P\u00e8res de l\u2019\u00c9glise <\/em>compil\u00e9s au XIIe si\u00e8cle dans un texte fr\u00e9quemment recopi\u00e9, la <em>glossa ordinaria<\/em>, l&#8217;animal, appel\u00e9&nbsp; tant\u00f4t rhinoc\u00e9ros, tant\u00f4t unicornis, tant\u00f4t monoceros, est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement interpr\u00e9t\u00e9 comme repr\u00e9sentation du Christ, signifiant tout \u00e0 la fois son humilit\u00e9 et sa puissance. Mais l\u00e0 o\u00f9 le Physiologus et les bestiaires, dont le r\u00e9cit n&#8217;a pas de source biblique, privil\u00e9gient la puret\u00e9 et l&#8217;humilit\u00e9, les docteurs de l\u2019\u00c9glise insistent sur la force et la puissance de l&#8217;unicorne des Psaumes, symbolis\u00e9e par la corne unique,<a id=\"_ftnref2\" href=\"#_ftn2\">[2]<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow aligncenter\" data-effect=\"slide\"><div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_container swiper-container\"><ul class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_swiper-wrapper swiper-wrapper\"><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1298\" height=\"2048\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-4292\" data-id=\"4292\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Smithfield-decretals-BL-Royal-ms-10-e-fol-176v-1298x2048.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Smithfield-decretals-BL-Royal-ms-10-e-fol-176v-1298x2048.jpg 1298w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Smithfield-decretals-BL-Royal-ms-10-e-fol-176v-190x300.jpg 190w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Smithfield-decretals-BL-Royal-ms-10-e-fol-176v-768x1211.jpg 768w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Smithfield-decretals-BL-Royal-ms-10-e-fol-176v-974x1536.jpg 974w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Smithfield-decretals-BL-Royal-ms-10-e-fol-176v.jpg 1325w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1298px) 100vw, 1298px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">Le texte au centre, les gloses, ou commentaires, tout autour.<br \/><i>D\u00e9cr\u00e9tales<\/i> de Gr\u00e9goire IX, circa 1340. British Library, Royal ms e X, fol 176v.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"505\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-4300\" data-id=\"4300\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Smithfield-decretals-Royal-ms-10-e-IV-fol-176v-2048x505.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Smithfield-decretals-Royal-ms-10-e-IV-fol-176v-2048x505.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Smithfield-decretals-Royal-ms-10-e-IV-fol-176v-300x74.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Smithfield-decretals-Royal-ms-10-e-IV-fol-176v-768x189.jpg 768w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Smithfield-decretals-Royal-ms-10-e-IV-fol-176v-1536x379.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Smithfield-decretals-Royal-ms-10-e-IV-fol-176v-500x123.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">\u00c0 gauche, le visage humain du manticore a \u00e9t\u00e9 effac\u00e9, comme cela arrive par superstition pour les personnages mal\u00e9fiques. Peut-\u00eatre un lecteur a-t-il aussi commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 s\u2019attaquer \u00e0 la licorne. \u00c0 droite, on pense bien s\u00fbr \u00e0 un vampire, mais ce dernier est absent des traditions lettr\u00e9es m\u00e9di\u00e9vales et aurait sans doute \u00e9t\u00e9 simplement d\u00e9crit comme un d\u00e9mon.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"487\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-4303\" data-id=\"4303\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Smithfield-decretals-Royal-ms-10-e-IV-fol-277r-2048x487.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Smithfield-decretals-Royal-ms-10-e-IV-fol-277r-2048x487.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Smithfield-decretals-Royal-ms-10-e-IV-fol-277r-300x71.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Smithfield-decretals-Royal-ms-10-e-IV-fol-277r-768x183.jpg 768w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Smithfield-decretals-Royal-ms-10-e-IV-fol-277r-1536x365.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Smithfield-decretals-Royal-ms-10-e-IV-fol-277r-500x119.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">Sainte Marie d\u2019\u00c9gypte, vivant dans le d\u00e9sert avec les animaux, est repr\u00e9sent\u00e9e comme une femme sauvage. <br \/><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"541\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-4301\" data-id=\"4301\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Smithfield-decretals-Royal-10-e-iv-fol-157-Smithfield-Decretals-Licorne-arbre-ours--2048x541.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Smithfield-decretals-Royal-10-e-iv-fol-157-Smithfield-Decretals-Licorne-arbre-ours--2048x541.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Smithfield-decretals-Royal-10-e-iv-fol-157-Smithfield-Decretals-Licorne-arbre-ours--300x79.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Smithfield-decretals-Royal-10-e-iv-fol-157-Smithfield-Decretals-Licorne-arbre-ours--768x203.jpg 768w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Smithfield-decretals-Royal-10-e-iv-fol-157-Smithfield-Decretals-Licorne-arbre-ours--1536x405.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Smithfield-decretals-Royal-10-e-iv-fol-157-Smithfield-Decretals-Licorne-arbre-ours--500x132.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">Combat entre une licorne et un ours.<br \/>\nFol 157r.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"575\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-4304\" data-id=\"4304\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Smithfield-decretals-Royal-ms-10-e-IV-fol-156v-2048x575.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Smithfield-decretals-Royal-ms-10-e-IV-fol-156v-2048x575.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Smithfield-decretals-Royal-ms-10-e-IV-fol-156v-300x84.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Smithfield-decretals-Royal-ms-10-e-IV-fol-156v-768x216.jpg 768w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Smithfield-decretals-Royal-ms-10-e-IV-fol-156v-1536x431.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Smithfield-decretals-Royal-ms-10-e-IV-fol-156v-500x140.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">La chasse \u00e0 la licorne.<br \/> Fol 156v.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"583\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-4302\" data-id=\"4302\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Smithfield-decretals-Royal-ms-10-e-IV-fol-153r-2048x583.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Smithfield-decretals-Royal-ms-10-e-IV-fol-153r-2048x583.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Smithfield-decretals-Royal-ms-10-e-IV-fol-153r-300x85.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Smithfield-decretals-Royal-ms-10-e-IV-fol-153r-768x219.jpg 768w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Smithfield-decretals-Royal-ms-10-e-IV-fol-153r-1536x437.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Smithfield-decretals-Royal-ms-10-e-IV-fol-153r-500x142.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">On rouve dans le m\u00eame manuscrit cette licorne qui semble bien moins f\u00e9roce.<br \/>\nFol 153r.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><a class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-prev swiper-button-prev swiper-button-white\" role=\"button\"><\/a><a class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-next swiper-button-next swiper-button-white\" role=\"button\"><\/a><a aria-label=\"Pause Slideshow\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-pause\" role=\"button\"><\/a><div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_pagination swiper-pagination swiper-pagination-white\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Au XIVe si\u00e8cle, le b\u00e9n\u00e9dictin Ranulph Higden, dans son manuel de pr\u00e9dication, <em>Ars componendi sermones<\/em>, donne quelques &#8220;trucs&#8221; pour faire passer aupr\u00e8s de ce que l&#8217;on appellerait aujourd&#8217;hui le &#8220;grand public&#8221; les subtilit\u00e9s de la parole divine. Il sugg\u00e8re d\u2019introduire le th\u00e8me de la force et de l\u2019humilit\u00e9 du Christ par une comparaison avec &nbsp;\u00ab&nbsp;les deux animaux les plus puissants, l\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9phant et la licorne, qui peuvent \u00eatre captur\u00e9s ainsi&nbsp;: L&#8217;\u00e9l\u00e9phant est attendri par le chant d&#8217;une jeune fille, la licorne s&#8217;assoupit dans le giron d&#8217;une vierge.&nbsp;\u00bb. Un peu plus loin, le fils de Dieu est encore compar\u00e9 \u00e0 l&#8217;<em>unicornus ferocissimus<\/em><a id=\"_ftnref3\" href=\"#_ftn3\"><em>[3]<\/em><\/a><em>.<\/em> C&#8217;est quand m\u00eame un peu capillotract\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow aligncenter\" data-effect=\"slide\"><div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_container swiper-container\"><ul class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_swiper-wrapper swiper-wrapper\"><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1572\" height=\"2048\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-5286\" data-id=\"5286\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Vatican-ms-bav_pal_lat_291-fol-86v-Raban-Maur-de-rerum-naturis-1425-1572x2048.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Vatican-ms-bav_pal_lat_291-fol-86v-Raban-Maur-de-rerum-naturis-1425-1572x2048.jpg 1572w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Vatican-ms-bav_pal_lat_291-fol-86v-Raban-Maur-de-rerum-naturis-1425-230x300.jpg 230w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Vatican-ms-bav_pal_lat_291-fol-86v-Raban-Maur-de-rerum-naturis-1425-768x1000.jpg 768w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Vatican-ms-bav_pal_lat_291-fol-86v-Raban-Maur-de-rerum-naturis-1425-1179x1536.jpg 1179w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Vatican-ms-bav_pal_lat_291-fol-86v-Raban-Maur-de-rerum-naturis-1425-scaled.jpg 1965w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1572px) 100vw, 1572px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">Les b\u00eates sauvages.<br \/>\nRaban Maur, <i>De rerum naturis, <\/i>1425.<br \/>\nBiblioth\u00e8que du Vatican, ms bav pal lat 291, fol 86v.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1970\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-3364\" data-id=\"3364\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Tri-Cambridge-Fitzwilliam-museum-ms-251-fol-15r-Jean-Corbechon-Livre-des-proprietes-des-choses-2048x1970.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Tri-Cambridge-Fitzwilliam-museum-ms-251-fol-15r-Jean-Corbechon-Livre-des-proprietes-des-choses-2048x1970.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Tri-Cambridge-Fitzwilliam-museum-ms-251-fol-15r-Jean-Corbechon-Livre-des-proprietes-des-choses-300x289.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Tri-Cambridge-Fitzwilliam-museum-ms-251-fol-15r-Jean-Corbechon-Livre-des-proprietes-des-choses-768x739.jpg 768w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Tri-Cambridge-Fitzwilliam-museum-ms-251-fol-15r-Jean-Corbechon-Livre-des-proprietes-des-choses-1536x1478.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Tri-Cambridge-Fitzwilliam-museum-ms-251-fol-15r-Jean-Corbechon-Livre-des-proprietes-des-choses-312x300.jpg 312w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">Sur ce manuscrit du <i>livre des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s des choses<\/i> dat\u00e9 de 1414, La licorne est \u00e0 droite, avec les f\u00e8res, les animaux sauvages, et non \u00e0 gauche, avec les animaux &#8220;de m\u00e9nage&#8221; ou domestiques.<br \/>Cambridge, Fitzwilliam museum ms 251, fol 15r.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"2022\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-3363\" data-id=\"3363\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Tri-BN-ms-fr-11-fol-3v-Flavius_Josephe_Antiquites_judaiques-Le-Mariage-dAdam-et-Eve-2048x2022.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Tri-BN-ms-fr-11-fol-3v-Flavius_Josephe_Antiquites_judaiques-Le-Mariage-dAdam-et-Eve-2048x2022.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Tri-BN-ms-fr-11-fol-3v-Flavius_Josephe_Antiquites_judaiques-Le-Mariage-dAdam-et-Eve-300x296.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Tri-BN-ms-fr-11-fol-3v-Flavius_Josephe_Antiquites_judaiques-Le-Mariage-dAdam-et-Eve-768x758.jpg 768w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Tri-BN-ms-fr-11-fol-3v-Flavius_Josephe_Antiquites_judaiques-Le-Mariage-dAdam-et-Eve-1536x1516.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Tri-BN-ms-fr-11-fol-3v-Flavius_Josephe_Antiquites_judaiques-Le-Mariage-dAdam-et-Eve-304x300.jpg 304w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">Les animaux sont t\u00e9moins du mariage d&#8217;Adam et Eve. La licorne du c\u00f4t\u00e9 d&#8217;Adam, avec les animaux sauvages, et non de celui d&#8217;Eve, avec les animaux &#8220;de m\u00e9nage&#8221;.<br \/>\nFlavius Jos\u00e8phe, <i>Antiquit\u00e9s Juda\u00efques<\/i> circa 1480. BNF, ms fr 11, fol 3v.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1541\" height=\"1658\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-4308\" data-id=\"4308\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/BN-ms-fr-15393-fol-6v-Biblle-historiale-de-Guyart-Desmoulins-debut-XVe-1.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/BN-ms-fr-15393-fol-6v-Biblle-historiale-de-Guyart-Desmoulins-debut-XVe-1.jpg 1541w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/BN-ms-fr-15393-fol-6v-Biblle-historiale-de-Guyart-Desmoulins-debut-XVe-1-279x300.jpg 279w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/BN-ms-fr-15393-fol-6v-Biblle-historiale-de-Guyart-Desmoulins-debut-XVe-1-768x826.jpg 768w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/BN-ms-fr-15393-fol-6v-Biblle-historiale-de-Guyart-Desmoulins-debut-XVe-1-1428x1536.jpg 1428w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1541px) 100vw, 1541px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">La licorne et l&#8217;\u00e9l\u00e9phant repr\u00e9sentent les b\u00eates sauvages. <br \/>\nBible historiale de Guyart Desmoulins, d\u00e9but du XVe si\u00e8cle.<br \/>\nBNF, ms fr 15393, fol 6v.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><a class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-prev swiper-button-prev swiper-button-white\" role=\"button\"><\/a><a class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-next swiper-button-next swiper-button-white\" role=\"button\"><\/a><a aria-label=\"Pause Slideshow\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-pause\" role=\"button\"><\/a><div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_pagination swiper-pagination swiper-pagination-white\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#fdeaea\">Item introducitur thema per similem in natura, sic&nbsp;: animalia fortissima elephas et unicomus sic capiuntur quod scilicet elephas in cantum virginis mitescit et unicornus in gremio virginis mansuescit. Sic filius dei fortissimus ostensis virginis uberibus, de quibus dicitur in luca: <em>beatus venter qui te portavit et ubera que succisti <\/em>(Luc. 11:27), emollitus per cantum virginis; quando cecinit <em>ecce ancilla domini <\/em>(Luc. 1:38), mitis effectus est. Similiter et iste unicornus ferocissimus dei filius, qui hominem et angelum sibi resistentem ac supra quam debuit appetentem prostravit, mitis effectus est quando edificavit, sicut unicornus, sacrificium suum in gremio virginis implens illud Ysaye: <em>habitabit<\/em> et cetera.<br \/>Ranulph Higden, Ars Componendi Sermones, 1346<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow aligncenter\" data-effect=\"slide\"><div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_container swiper-container\"><ul class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_swiper-wrapper swiper-wrapper\"><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"998\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-5285\" data-id=\"5285\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/BL-Royal-ms-2-B-VII-fol-100v-Queen-Mary-Psalter-2048x998.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/BL-Royal-ms-2-B-VII-fol-100v-Queen-Mary-Psalter-2048x998.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/BL-Royal-ms-2-B-VII-fol-100v-Queen-Mary-Psalter-300x146.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/BL-Royal-ms-2-B-VII-fol-100v-Queen-Mary-Psalter-768x374.jpg 768w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/BL-Royal-ms-2-B-VII-fol-100v-Queen-Mary-Psalter-1536x749.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/BL-Royal-ms-2-B-VII-fol-100v-Queen-Mary-Psalter-500x244.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">Le combat de la licorne et de l&#8217;\u00e9l\u00e9phant.<br \/>\nPsautier de la reine Mary, circa 1310.<br \/>\nBritish Library, ms Royal 2B VII, fol 100v<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"737\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-4340\" data-id=\"4340\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Sainte-Genevive-ms-143-fol-232-pontifical-de-Guillaume-Durand-eveque-de-Mende-vers-1357-2048x737.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Sainte-Genevive-ms-143-fol-232-pontifical-de-Guillaume-Durand-eveque-de-Mende-vers-1357-2048x737.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Sainte-Genevive-ms-143-fol-232-pontifical-de-Guillaume-Durand-eveque-de-Mende-vers-1357-300x108.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Sainte-Genevive-ms-143-fol-232-pontifical-de-Guillaume-Durand-eveque-de-Mende-vers-1357-768x276.jpg 768w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Sainte-Genevive-ms-143-fol-232-pontifical-de-Guillaume-Durand-eveque-de-Mende-vers-1357-1536x553.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Sainte-Genevive-ms-143-fol-232-pontifical-de-Guillaume-Durand-eveque-de-Mende-vers-1357-500x180.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">Une licorne face \u00e0 un singe dans les marges du pontifical de Guillaume Durand, \u00e9v\u00eaque de Mende, circa 1357.<br \/>Biblioth\u00e8que Sainte Genevi\u00e8ve, ms 143, fol 232.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1010\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-3942\" data-id=\"3942\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/12\/15-BL-Yates-Thompson-ms-8-fol-260r-Breviaire-de-Renaud-de-Bar-circa-1300-2048x1010.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/12\/15-BL-Yates-Thompson-ms-8-fol-260r-Breviaire-de-Renaud-de-Bar-circa-1300-2048x1010.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/12\/15-BL-Yates-Thompson-ms-8-fol-260r-Breviaire-de-Renaud-de-Bar-circa-1300-300x148.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/12\/15-BL-Yates-Thompson-ms-8-fol-260r-Breviaire-de-Renaud-de-Bar-circa-1300-768x379.jpg 768w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/12\/15-BL-Yates-Thompson-ms-8-fol-260r-Breviaire-de-Renaud-de-Bar-circa-1300-1536x758.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/12\/15-BL-Yates-Thompson-ms-8-fol-260r-Breviaire-de-Renaud-de-Bar-circa-1300-500x247.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">Le chevalier est bien \u00e9quip\u00e9, bien que la licorne n&#8217;aie pas l&#8217;air bien f\u00e9roce..<br \/>\nBritish Library, Yates Thompson ms 8, fol 260r.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"762\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-3943\" data-id=\"3943\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/12\/16-BL-Yates-Thompson-ms-8-fol-324r-Breviaire-de-Renaud-de-Bar-circa-1300-2048x762.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/12\/16-BL-Yates-Thompson-ms-8-fol-324r-Breviaire-de-Renaud-de-Bar-circa-1300-2048x762.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/12\/16-BL-Yates-Thompson-ms-8-fol-324r-Breviaire-de-Renaud-de-Bar-circa-1300-300x112.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/12\/16-BL-Yates-Thompson-ms-8-fol-324r-Breviaire-de-Renaud-de-Bar-circa-1300-768x286.jpg 768w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/12\/16-BL-Yates-Thompson-ms-8-fol-324r-Breviaire-de-Renaud-de-Bar-circa-1300-1536x571.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/12\/16-BL-Yates-Thompson-ms-8-fol-324r-Breviaire-de-Renaud-de-Bar-circa-1300-500x186.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">Un guerrier combat une licorne dans les marges d&#8217;un br\u00e9viaire m\u00e9di\u00e9val.<br \/>\nBritish Library, Yates Thompson ms 8, fol 324r.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"861\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-4291\" data-id=\"4291\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Metz-ms-1588-fol-208r-Psautier-de-Metz-2048x861.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Metz-ms-1588-fol-208r-Psautier-de-Metz-2048x861.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Metz-ms-1588-fol-208r-Psautier-de-Metz-300x126.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Metz-ms-1588-fol-208r-Psautier-de-Metz-768x323.jpg 768w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Metz-ms-1588-fol-208r-Psautier-de-Metz-1536x646.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Metz-ms-1588-fol-208r-Psautier-de-Metz-500x210.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">C&#8217;est peut-\u00eatre aussi un chien, il n&#8217;en m\u00e8ne pas bien large.<br \/><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1354\" height=\"901\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-4781\" data-id=\"4781\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Lausanne-Sandrine.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Lausanne-Sandrine.jpg 1354w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Lausanne-Sandrine-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Lausanne-Sandrine-768x511.jpg 768w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Lausanne-Sandrine-451x300.jpg 451w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1354px) 100vw, 1354px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">Cath\u00e9drale de Lausanne, mis\u00e9ricorde du XIIIe si\u00e8cle. Photo de Sandrine Bavaud.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1912\" height=\"471\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-4307\" data-id=\"4307\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/BN-ms-fr-295-p.1-Faits-des-Romains-.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/BN-ms-fr-295-p.1-Faits-des-Romains-.jpg 1912w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/BN-ms-fr-295-p.1-Faits-des-Romains--300x74.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/BN-ms-fr-295-p.1-Faits-des-Romains--768x189.jpg 768w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/BN-ms-fr-295-p.1-Faits-des-Romains--1536x378.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/BN-ms-fr-295-p.1-Faits-des-Romains--500x123.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1912px) 100vw, 1912px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\"><i>Les faits des romains<\/i>,XIVe si\u00e8cle.<br \/>\nBNF, ms fr 295, fol 1r. <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1545\" height=\"806\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-4305\" data-id=\"4305\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/BL-Add-ms-42130-Luttrell-Psalter-fol-15r.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/BL-Add-ms-42130-Luttrell-Psalter-fol-15r.jpg 1545w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/BL-Add-ms-42130-Luttrell-Psalter-fol-15r-300x157.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/BL-Add-ms-42130-Luttrell-Psalter-fol-15r-768x401.jpg 768w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/BL-Add-ms-42130-Luttrell-Psalter-fol-15r-1536x801.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/BL-Add-ms-42130-Luttrell-Psalter-fol-15r-500x261.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1545px) 100vw, 1545px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">Psautier de Luttrell, circa 1300.<br \/>\nBritish Library, Add ms 42130, fol 15r.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"566\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-4782\" data-id=\"4782\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Sabliere-de-leglise-Notre-Dame-de-Graces-photo-Jean-Yves-Cordier-2048x566.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Sabliere-de-leglise-Notre-Dame-de-Graces-photo-Jean-Yves-Cordier-2048x566.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Sabliere-de-leglise-Notre-Dame-de-Graces-photo-Jean-Yves-Cordier-300x83.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Sabliere-de-leglise-Notre-Dame-de-Graces-photo-Jean-Yves-Cordier-768x212.jpg 768w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Sabliere-de-leglise-Notre-Dame-de-Graces-photo-Jean-Yves-Cordier-1536x424.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Sabliere-de-leglise-Notre-Dame-de-Graces-photo-Jean-Yves-Cordier-500x138.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">La licorne combat le dragon, sabli\u00e8re de l&#8217;\u00e9glise de Guengat, photo Jean-Yves Cordier.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><a class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-prev swiper-button-prev swiper-button-white\" role=\"button\"><\/a><a class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-next swiper-button-next swiper-button-white\" role=\"button\"><\/a><a aria-label=\"Pause Slideshow\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-pause\" role=\"button\"><\/a><div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_pagination swiper-pagination swiper-pagination-white\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Le texte biblique, et notamment le psaume XXII, <em>Libera me ab ore leonis et a cornibus unicornium<\/em> <em>(lib\u00e8re moi de la gueule du lion et des cornes des licornes<\/em>)<em> <\/em>permettaient aussi de voir dans la b\u00eate unicorne une repr\u00e9sentation de la tentation, de l&#8217;orgueil, du d\u00e9mon. C&#8217;est ainsi qu&#8217;elle apparait dans la r\u00e8gle monastique dont je parle dans ce chapitre du livre. C&#8217;est de l&#8217;anglais des ann\u00e9es 1200, on ne comprend qu&#8217;\u00e0 moiti\u00e9, mais c&#8217;est justement cela qui est amusant &#8211; et on comprend suffisamment pour r\u00e9aliser que cet &#8220;unicorne of wreathe&#8221; n&#8217;est pas une bestiole tr\u00e8s sympathique :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#f3f9de\">Bi this wildernesse wende ure Laverdes folc, as Exode teleth, toward te eadi lond of Jerusalem, thet he ham hefde bihaten. Ant ye, mine leove sustren, wendeth bi the ilke wei toward te hehe Jerusalem, the kinedom thet he haveth bihaten his icorene. Gath, thah, ful warliche, for i this wildernesse beoth uvele beastes monie: liun of prude, neddre of attri onde, unicorne of wreaththe, beore of dead slawthe, vox of yisceunge, suhe of yivernesse, scorpiun with the teil of stinginde leccherie &#8211; thet is, galnesse. Her beoth nu o rawe itald the seoven heaved sunnen:<br \/>The Unicorne of wreaththe, the bereth on his nease the thorn thet he asneaseth with al thet he areacheth, haveth six hwelpes. The earste is chast other strif. The other is wodschipe. Bihald te ehnen ant te neb hwen wod wreaththe is imunt. Bihald hire contenemenz, loke on hire lates, hercne hu the muth geath, ant tu maht demen hire wel ut of hire witte. The thridde is schentful up-brud. The feorthe is wariunge. The fifte is dunt. The seste is wil thet him uvel tidde, other on him- seolf, other on his freond, other on his ahte. The seovethe hwelp is, don for wreaththe mis, other leaven wel to don, forgan mete other drunch, wreoken hire with teares yef ha elles ne mei, ant with weariunges hire heaved spillen o grome, other on other wise hearmin hire i sawle ant i bodi bathe. Theos is homicide ant morthre of hire-seolven.<br \/><br \/>\u2014 Ancrene Visse, IV, 203-206 &amp; 283-293, circa 1200 <a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-admin\/post.php?post=4283&amp;action=edit#_ftn1\">[1]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow aligncenter\" data-effect=\"slide\"><div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_container swiper-container\"><ul class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_swiper-wrapper swiper-wrapper\"><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1134\" height=\"721\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-4306\" data-id=\"4306\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/BN-ms-lat-11207-fol-8-Bestiaire-XIIIe-monoceros.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/BN-ms-lat-11207-fol-8-Bestiaire-XIIIe-monoceros.jpg 1134w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/BN-ms-lat-11207-fol-8-Bestiaire-XIIIe-monoceros-300x191.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/BN-ms-lat-11207-fol-8-Bestiaire-XIIIe-monoceros-768x488.jpg 768w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/BN-ms-lat-11207-fol-8-Bestiaire-XIIIe-monoceros-472x300.jpg 472w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1134px) 100vw, 1134px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">Monoceros dans un bestiaire du XIIIe si\u00e8cle.<br \/>\nBNF, ms lat 11207, fol 8r.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1330\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-4295\" data-id=\"4295\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Douai-ms-711-fol-10v--2048x1330.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Douai-ms-711-fol-10v--2048x1330.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Douai-ms-711-fol-10v--300x195.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Douai-ms-711-fol-10v--768x499.jpg 768w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Douai-ms-711-fol-10v--1536x997.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Douai-ms-711-fol-10v--462x300.jpg 462w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">Ce f\u00e9roce monoceros, visiblement un m\u00e2le, semble cracher le feu, mais il n\u2019en est rien. L\u2019enlumineur a voulu exprimer ainsi le fait qu\u2019il avait <i>mugitu horrido,<\/i> un beuglement horrible.<br \/>\nBiblioth\u00e8que de Douai, ms 711, fol 10v.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><a class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-prev swiper-button-prev swiper-button-white\" role=\"button\"><\/a><a class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-next swiper-button-next swiper-button-white\" role=\"button\"><\/a><a aria-label=\"Pause Slideshow\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-pause\" role=\"button\"><\/a><div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_pagination swiper-pagination swiper-pagination-white\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Les bestiaires d\u00e9crivent la ruse permettant de capturer une licorne en utilisant une jeune vierge comme appat. La plupart ne disent rien de la r\u00e9action de l&#8217;animal qu&#8217;e tenterait d&#8217;attirer une fausse vierge tenterait d&#8217;attirer, et le lecteur pensait g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement&#8217;une fausse vierge tenterait de s\u00e9duire, et le lecteur pense logiquement que le f\u00e9roce unicorne reste insensible \u00e0 un pi\u00e8ge qu&#8217;il ne remarque peut-\u00eatre m\u00eame pas. Quelques textes pourtant, comme le <em>Le livre des proprietez des bestes qui ont magnitude, force et pouvoir en leur brutalitez,<\/em> assurent que la licorne s&#8217;approche du pi\u00e8ge et &#8220;<em>tue la fille corrompue et non pucelle<\/em>&#8220;. Heureusement pour la r\u00e9putation de la blanche b\u00eate, cette sc\u00e8ne na jamais \u00e9t\u00e9 choisie par les enlumineurs illustrant les bestiaires. Je ne l&#8217;ai trouv\u00e9 repr\u00e9sent\u00e9e sur un seul manuscrit, le <em>Verger de consolation<\/em>, un abr\u00e9g\u00e9 de la doctrine chr\u00e9tienne en quelques images, ce que les p\u00e9dagogues d&#8217;aujourd&#8217;hui appellent des <em>cartes mentales<\/em>. Sur des miniatures en pleine page, l&#8217;arbre des vertus y est oppos\u00e9 \u00e0 celui des vices. La dame qui a choisi la <em>via vit\u00e6 <\/em>apprivoise la licorne, celle qui a choisi la <em>via mortis<\/em> se fait embrocher.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow aligncenter\" data-effect=\"slide\"><div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_container swiper-container\"><ul class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_swiper-wrapper swiper-wrapper\"><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1435\" height=\"2048\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-8336\" data-id=\"8336\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/03\/BN-ms-fr-9220-fol-5v-verger-de-consolation-arbre-des-vertus-1435x2048.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/03\/BN-ms-fr-9220-fol-5v-verger-de-consolation-arbre-des-vertus-1435x2048.jpg 1435w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/03\/BN-ms-fr-9220-fol-5v-verger-de-consolation-arbre-des-vertus-210x300.jpg 210w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/03\/BN-ms-fr-9220-fol-5v-verger-de-consolation-arbre-des-vertus-768x1096.jpg 768w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/03\/BN-ms-fr-9220-fol-5v-verger-de-consolation-arbre-des-vertus-1076x1536.jpg 1076w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/03\/BN-ms-fr-9220-fol-5v-verger-de-consolation-arbre-des-vertus.jpg 1794w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1435px) 100vw, 1435px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\"><i>L&#8217;abre des vertus. Verger de consolation<\/i>, circa 1400. BNF, ms fr 9220, fol 5v.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1471\" height=\"2048\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-8337\" data-id=\"8337\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/03\/BN-ms-fr-9220-fol-6r-verger-de-consolation-arbre-des-vices-1471x2048.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/03\/BN-ms-fr-9220-fol-6r-verger-de-consolation-arbre-des-vices-1471x2048.jpg 1471w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/03\/BN-ms-fr-9220-fol-6r-verger-de-consolation-arbre-des-vices-216x300.jpg 216w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/03\/BN-ms-fr-9220-fol-6r-verger-de-consolation-arbre-des-vices-768x1069.jpg 768w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/03\/BN-ms-fr-9220-fol-6r-verger-de-consolation-arbre-des-vices-1103x1536.jpg 1103w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/03\/BN-ms-fr-9220-fol-6r-verger-de-consolation-arbre-des-vices.jpg 1839w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1471px) 100vw, 1471px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\"><i>L&#8217;arbre des vices<\/i>, fol 6r.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"756\" height=\"795\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-8339\" data-id=\"8339\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/03\/BN-ms-fr-9220-fol-5v-verger-de-consolation-arbre-des-vertus-detail.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/03\/BN-ms-fr-9220-fol-5v-verger-de-consolation-arbre-des-vertus-detail.jpg 756w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/03\/BN-ms-fr-9220-fol-5v-verger-de-consolation-arbre-des-vertus-detail-285x300.jpg 285w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 756px) 100vw, 756px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"714\" height=\"780\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-8338\" data-id=\"8338\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/03\/BN-ms-fr-9220-fol-6r-verger-de-consolation-arbre-des-vices-detail.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/03\/BN-ms-fr-9220-fol-6r-verger-de-consolation-arbre-des-vices-detail.jpg 714w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/03\/BN-ms-fr-9220-fol-6r-verger-de-consolation-arbre-des-vices-detail-275x300.jpg 275w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 714px) 100vw, 714px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><a class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-prev swiper-button-prev swiper-button-white\" role=\"button\"><\/a><a class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-next swiper-button-next swiper-button-white\" role=\"button\"><\/a><a aria-label=\"Pause Slideshow\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-pause\" role=\"button\"><\/a><div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_pagination swiper-pagination swiper-pagination-white\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Au Moyen \u00c2ge, il arrivait, sans doute par superstition, que des lecteurs biffent ou gomment sur les manuscrits les figures les moins sympathiques. Le plus souvent, ce sont les d\u00e9mons ou les serpents, figures du diable,qui \u00e9taient vis\u00e9s, mais sur un manuscrit du Livre du tr\u00e9sor de Brunetto Latini, c\u2019est une f\u00e9roce licorne qui semble avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 victime de la col\u00e8re du lecteur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/04\/8-BN-ms-fr-568-Brunetto-Latini.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5771\" width=\"614\" height=\"514\" srcset=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/04\/8-BN-ms-fr-568-Brunetto-Latini.jpg 1207w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/04\/8-BN-ms-fr-568-Brunetto-Latini-300x251.jpg 300w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/04\/8-BN-ms-fr-568-Brunetto-Latini-768x643.jpg 768w, https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/04\/8-BN-ms-fr-568-Brunetto-Latini-358x300.jpg 358w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 614px) 100vw, 614px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Brunetto Latini, <em>Livre du Tr\u00e9sor, <\/em>XIIIe si\u00e8cle.<br \/>BNF, ms fr 568, fol 57r.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a id=\"_ftn1\" href=\"#_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a> Si vous ne comprenez pas tout, il y a quelques explications (en anglais) ici&nbsp;: <a href=\"https:\/\/d.lib.rochester.edu\/teams\/text\/hasenfrantz-ancrene-wisse-part-four\">https:\/\/d.lib.rochester.edu\/teams\/text\/hasenfrantz-ancrene-wisse-part-four<\/a><br \/><a id=\"_ftn2\" href=\"#_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a> Sur la licorne comme image du Christ dans les commentaires bibliques des P\u00e8res de l\u2019\u00e9glise puis dans la litt\u00e9rature religieuse m\u00e9di\u00e9vale, voir Jane Beal, <em>The Unicorn as a Symbol for Christ in the Middle Ages, <\/em>in <em>Illuminating Jesus in he Middle Ages,&nbsp;<\/em>2019.<br \/><a id=\"_ftn3\" href=\"#_ftnref3\">[3]<\/a> Margaret Jennings, <em>The Ars Componendi Sermones<\/em> <em>of Ranulph Higden<\/em>, O.S.B., 1991, p.39<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Comme beaucoup, ce chapitre \u00e9tait trop long. J&#8217;ai donc privil\u00e9gi\u00e9 dans le livre les sources profanes, mais les licornes des textes religieux pouvaient \u00eatre tout aussi f\u00e9roces. Quelques licornes apparaissaient dans le texte biblique de la Vulgate latine, un chapitre &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/2022\/04\/11\/%f0%9f%93%96-une-feroce-beste\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3943,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4283","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-1-ancetres-et-cousins-dorient"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/12\/16-BL-Yates-Thompson-ms-8-fol-324r-Breviaire-de-Renaud-de-Bar-circa-1300-scaled.jpg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4283","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4283"}],"version-history":[{"count":21,"href":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4283\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8342,"href":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4283\/revisions\/8342"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3943"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4283"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4283"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/faidutti.com\/blog\/licornes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4283"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}